Free Essay

Information Systems

In: Computers and Technology

Submitted By paullym953
Words 2275
Pages 10
Successfully Implementing the Information System, in Systems Analysis and Design
Name
Institution
Successfully Implementing the Information System, in Systems Analysis and Design
Implementation approaches The last process in software development life cycle before maintenance is implementation. Implementation refers to the process by which a developed system is put into use by the respective company for which it was designed. Software implementation process takes place in four critical processes. This process aims at ensuring that the software meets the objectives for which it was designed for and guarantee the usability of the new system. The approach process involves the movement of the computer power to the respective users by means of distributed processing. Once the system is in place, training has to take place, then conversion of the old system to a new system and finally, evaluation of its operation.
Implementing distributed systems: The reliability on the use of telecommunication systems by organizations calls for the implementation of distributed systems. Distributed systems facilitate effective communication processes, as well as data storage and processing. The use of the client server in distributed systems has emerged as the favorite model in the execution of various tasks running on the file servers. There are several types of distributed system networks depending on the need of the organization. As a result, the systems can then be connected in standard network types in the form of Wide Area Networks (WAN) or Local Area Networks (LAN). Networking has emerged as a formidable method of sharing resources and cutting down organizations costs. This can also be implemented in different methods depending on the organization structure. Once the distributed systems have been implemented, the next stage in the implementation process is the training strategy. Training plays an influential role in determining the success of the new system being put into place. Because the trainers and trainees determine the success of the training process, both parties are expected to cooperate for the success of learning the new system to be implemented. Several guidelines that seek at accomplishing the best training methods must be put into place for the success of the process. These guidelines touch on the training method to be used and suitable sites meant for training. These play an influential role in determining the time to be taken in the training process and the efficiency of the exercise. Other guidelines include focusing on the training objective and the employment of understandable training materials in the process. Training aims at equipping users with vital skills required to run new systems efficiently. It also encourages participation and acceptance of new models in cases where complete conversion processes take place. Conversion strategies seek to replace old systems with new systems. Different methods can be used in the conversion process to guarantee the success of the exercise. Borjesson and Mathiassen (2004) state that adequate planning and scheduling is essential for the success of this crucial stage of the implementation process. They go ahead to emphasize that strategy involvement and security procedures should be integrated in this process to support performance and certainty of its operation. The final step in implementation process is the evaluation stage. This stage is crucial for the complete launch of an information system. This is because during this stage, any form of errors and other mistakes not recognized during testing are revealed. The effectiveness of new systems is also determined during this phase hence making it crucial for the success of the development process.
Client Server Models Borjesson and Mathiassen (2004) define the client server model as distributed application structures that are responsible for portioning of work tasks and work loads between different providers. Frequently, clients and a server communicate over computer networks on different hardware platforms. However, for this to take to place, the server and the client must reside on the same system. Systems on a network are programmed in a manner in which they can run efficiently through the division of tasks amongst clients and servers. Most business applications run based on operation of client server models, which have proved to be more efficient than using systems on their own. Popular applications such as TCP/IP, which is the main program, used in the internet uses a similar application. Furthermore, multiple clients are known to share the services of a server for which both programs are part of a larger application or program. Though most organizations have sought the services of client server models, the installation costs associated with the model is expensive while the management cots are also high. The fact that the model makes use of a centralized architecture implies that failure of the server will result to lack of robustness of the network. As a result, the whole network will be affected. Its numerous benefits and the fact that experiencing of failures is rare have however convinced those using it to continue with the services of client server models. Borjesson and Mathiassen (2004) imply that the use of the model guarantees better network security because the servers have better access controls and resources. As a result, only authorized clients can manipulate data. Another benefit is that there is improved data and resource sharing which takes place through one server in the network, which serves several clients. This promotes transparency in the use of network resources by other clients throughout the network. The use of client server models facilitates the integration of services thus giving each client the opportunity to access vital information without the need of logging into terminal modes or other processors while in the network. Its maintenance has also been cited as easy because upgrading and repairing will only affect the server while the clients remain unaffected in similar operations or vice versa. Its data processing capability regardless of location has also emerged to be very efficient. Client server models have emerged as viable solutions to technology’s most sought solutions by providing users an ability to log into systems even in the absence of the processors physically close to them. The internet via mailing systems is a good example of how the system operates.
Conversion Strategies An approach to consider while implementing a new system in an organization is the conversion method. Borjesson and Mathiassen, (2004), state that the conversion method allows a person to physically convert old systems to new or modified systems using five different methods. The five conversion strategies that take place in changing information systems to new ones are: • Direct changeover: Direct changeover drastically takes place without the use of other means of conversion strategies for adaptation process. Borjesson and Mathiassen (2004), states that with direct changeover, a given system in use comes to be used on a particular day putting an end to the old method in use. They further go ahead to sate that this method is a risky approach to implementing a system as it requires intense training before the use and may also pose risk to the organization in the vent that the system is not error free before implementation. Comparison of previous results in terms of efficiency will also be difficult because the old system may not be available to aid in the comparison of efficiency for both systems. However, with its implementation, users will have to conform to its mode of operation and therefore and thus makes adaptation compulsory. • Parallel conversion: In parallel conversion models, the new and old system models run concurrently. Most organizations make use of the parallel method of conversion as it provides the opportunity for comparison thus helps in the discovery of errors and at the same time instills the feeling of security to users. However, the costs associated with running two different systems at the same time may be costly for an organization while in other cases, comparison of output quality may difficult unless in the cases of manual system being replaced by an automated system. Borjesson and Mathiassen (2004) also state that research reveals in organizations where there is a choice for continuity with old system, users are reluctant to adapt to the new system as compared to when they do not have a choice. • Gradual or phase changeover- Gradual conversion attempts to make use of combing the best features of previous plans without attempts of combining risks. In most cases, the new volumes if the systems are gradually implemented to the old system, till the time that the status befits the desired status level. As a result, its users have adequate time to be involved with the system gradually thereby promoting error free operations and acceptance from users. Its setback is that it takes longer time to implement such systems and there might be minimal changes taking place during gradual conversion processes. • Modular prototype- This ode of conversion operates in modules or operational prototypes by which the old system will systematically be transformed in a gradual manner. Each module undergoes scrutiny before acceptance and being put into use. As a result, modular converted systems have emerged as powerful systems because they underwent adequate testing and implementation phase in comparison to others. Its users are also familiar with the system as they get the chance to interact with very module before the final implementation process. This result to friendly systems that promote the building of powerful system attributes whose components are the contribution of many. However, its critics say that the final model ends up being more expensive because in most cases it undergoes several conversions before the final product is launched. • Distributed changeover-Distributed conversion method involves the ability by which a particular region, branch or department undergoes conversion before the others. Installations of a system are contemplated in one region before an entire region receives the conversion process. This method allows detection of errors in time from one region of installation, instead of inflicting similar mistakes to other branches. However, its reception may not be similar in all regions. While people from one department or region may go well with the idea, others may not be positive hence making evaluation a difficult process.
Approach to training To carry out an effective training method, a need analysis should be conducted. In this case, the system analysts did not bear in mind this aspect and hence presumed that only those who will register for the training needed training. The fact that they said only those interested should avail themselves was also a recipe for failure. Only three out of the 42 staff registered for the training implies that a large number of those requiring training were locked out of the process. This would mean that even those required to learn in the process of use will be more than the required number which may result to a standstill of the whole process.
Steps to take to ensure right people are trained The first step will be to conduct a needs analysis particularly for the individuals. This will help in identifying the members of the company who require training. The next process should be aimed at convincing the members on the need to take up the training. This can be achieved by giving them manuals that discuss the importance of the training sessions, and its benefits to the workers and the organization. AAs a result, most of those taking up the process will be convinced that the new system will be of their benefit, and not aimed at imparting them with skills that many not be of value to them. Later, training programs aimed at faciliatating the process should be released to all members of the organization. This will help spread the information that the program is essential. To boost this operation, manuals should accompany the process to give users sources of reference. Such initiatives will guarantee securing of more employees to be part of the program.
How web will be used: Provided the members have an access to internet connection, the Web can be used to offer training sessions to all the members of the company. This will be achieved by uploading all the relevant training materials on the company’s website, and users required to sign in to access the training sessions. Demonstrations will be uploaded in video form with their respective instructions scrolling across the screens for easy understanding. This will save not only time, but also save on the resources as trainees can always refer back to the sources at any time.
Disadvantage of parallel conversion system The costs associated with running two different systems at the same time may be costly for an organization. Another disadvantage is that, it is difficult to compare output quality unless in the cases of manual system being replaced by an automated system. In this case, the owner is only replacing an old automated system with a new one. Borjesson and Mathiassen (2004) also state that research reveals in organizations where there is a choice for continuity with old system, users are reluctant to adapt to the new system as compared to when they do not have a choice.
Method to end dual system From the inception of the new system, it will be necessary to compare the outputs of the two systems. This will be constantly drafted for about six months to help come up with formidable figures for comparison. Once the output of the new system has been confirmed and its performance reveals accuracy and efficiency, parts of the old system can be gradually phased out to the moment only the system will be left to perform on its own. Six months is way enough time to detect the performance of a system.
References
Borjesson, A., & Mathiassen, L. (2004). Successful process implementation. IEEE Software, 21(4), 36-44.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Information System

...INFORMATION SYSTEMS Author: RUEL GRAFIA Thesis Statement: Information system has been used pervasively on advanced economies by people and organization that rely most of this activities on mobile and digital technology. I. Introduction A. Definition of Information Systems B. Business Information Systems II. Body A. Components of Computer-based Information Systems B. Individuals’ and Organizations’ activities in the Information System III. Conclusion Organizations and individuals rely on information systems, generally internetbased for conducting much of their personal lives for socializing, study, shopping, electronics banking, and entertainment. By bringing together all of the components of information systems hardware, software, infrastructure, and people a business will have a better chance of adapting with new technology and keeping up with consumer trends to remain profitable and competitive. Thesis Statement: Information system has been used pervasively on advanced economies by people and organization that rely most of this activities on mobile and digital technology. Introduction Information systems play an important role in supporting the organization to conduct its business processes. An information system collects, stores, and disseminates information from an organization’s environment and internal operations to support organizational functions and decision making, communication, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization (Laudon & Laudon, 2012, p. 15)...

Words: 679 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Information System

...Information Systems and Software Applications Software applications and information systems help businesses to manage every area of their business affairs. In a company it is extremely important to have not only an appropriate information system, but also the appropriate software applications that will allow one to conduct daily tasks. It will determine how successful a business can be. Businesses that take the time to invest these types of software can help take an accurate snapshot of where their business has been and where they are going. Usually, the different departments within an organization will have different information systems; however, they may have similar applications or a package of application on a system. Human resources, Finance, and Accounting are three departments in an organization that usually depend on reliable information systems (IS) and must have Software applications that support the duties and help them conduct day-to-day business. In this paper I will discuss these three departments and the system they would benefit from as well as applications that they may require. One of many tasks that the human resources departments has is keeping records of new, current, future, or potential employees. Two information systems compatible with their duties are the office automation system, and the decision support system. The office automation systems would allow human resources employees to support activities for individuals and input data regarding...

Words: 627 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Information Systems

...Axia/HCS 483 | Information System Briefing | November,2011 | Information System Briefing Selecting and acquiring information systems is important to this organization. Information systems are designed based on the organization’s needs, thus simplifying patient needs, departmental, and other information. Information systems should also accommodate other departments as well such as radiology, pharmacy, and other various branches of the hospital. An information system is, of course, an expensive technology but can greatly benefit the hospital. With information systems many systems have to be installed databases, storage, identification, and selection. Once it is up the organization still has to think about an offsite back up station with a firewall. It is to much for an organization or investors to take in, making it imperative that the organization receives the system designed to their needs. Selecting and Acquiring When selecting what is needed for the organization one has to look at many different variables. Does the organization have many branches, do they have different specialties, patients, billing, and other various staff. Communication between these is vital to making the information system work. The information also has to be user friendly and easy to obtain by staff. If any of the information is not easily obtainable it will make the organization run slow in all departments or fragment it. That means that patient information could be lost resulting in duplicate...

Words: 1181 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Information Systems

... * * * * * * * * * * * * * Information System Briefing * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * An information system is a combination of data, processes and information technology that interact to collect, process, store and provide output for an organization (Wager,K 2009). In an health care organization there are two types of information systems: administrative and clinical. In order for an organization to find the best system they must follow the process for selecting and acquiring an information system. * System implementation begins when the organization gains the system and begins to put it in use. There are several stakeholders that are involved in the implementation process. The CFO (chief financial officer) manages the budget and all future expenses. The CEO (chief executive officer) is the leader of the organization and overlooks everything that is done. The implementation team gets everything in order and ready for the implementation of the new system. The vendors job is to find the system that best fits the buyers requirements. The IT department operates and assists with technical support. To start the implementation process an implementation team should be assembled and a system champion must be identified. The system champion will be responsible for leading the team. Then the team will come together and determine...

Words: 701 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Information Systems

...Information Systems Department XBIS 219 August 28, 2010 Every company has different departments and those departments are in charge of different tasks and employees. In order for the departments to do their job efficiently, employees need a software application to help them complete their tasks. This type of software makes employee's jobs easier and helps the company keep track of their success. Two different examples are the a human resource department and accounting department. The human resources is responsible for hiring new employees, also to establish effective policies and procedures. Human resources (HR) can benefit greatly from the use of iCIMS software. This software can do many tasks for the department. iCIMS is designed to help businesses make the hiring process more efficient by using software for screening and storing applicant information, enabling web-based job applications, tracking candidates, monitoring performance after recruitment, and managing post-employment processes. As stated by the iCIMS (2010) website, " iCIMS' Talent Platform streamlines the entire talent lifecycle in one easy-to-use recruitment and HR software application." The accounting department is those in which deal with money paid, received, borrowed, or owed in the company. Good software that this department can use is Accounting Information System, better known as AIS. According to Accounting Information Systems (2010), “The purpose of AIS is to accumulate data and provide decision...

Words: 377 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Information System

...Contents Information Systems Proposal Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Information Systems 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Objective… Explain the different types of information systems available to businesses.   * Processing Payroll   * Point-of-sale Terminal   * Microsoft Office   * Report of sales for individual customers   * Electronic commerce To operate a successful business one must know and understand the information technology aspects, which enhances the daily operations of the business. Small businesses are at a disadvantage and must seek ways to expand and become viable.   “Strategic Information Systems provide a competitive advantage by helping an organization implement its strategic goals and increase its performance and productivity” (R. Kelly Rainer Jr., Casey G. Cegielski, 2011). There are six reasons why information systems are so important for businesses today and they include:   * Operational excellence -   Businesses improve the efficiency of their operations in order to achieve higher profitability.   * New products, services, and business models -   Business models describe how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.   * Customer and supplier intimacy - When businesses serve its customers well, the customers usually return and purchase more. This allows businesses to engage its suppliers, which enables the suppliers to provide vital input.   * Improved decision making - Information system made it...

Words: 264 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Information System

...y Abstract Information Systems are the systems which are the made by the combination of the various hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data. There are various types of information systems, for example: transaction processing systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, learning management systems, database management systems, and office information systems. Critical to most information systems are information technologies, which are typically designed to enable humans to perform tasks for which the human brain is not well suited, such as: handling large amounts of information, performing complex calculations, and controlling many simultaneous processes.  The domain of study of IS involves the study of theories and practices related to the social and technological phenomena, which determine the development, use, and effects of information systems in organization and society. Acknowledgement The satisfaction that accompanies that the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success. We are grateful to all the concern websites and the book written by experienced professionals for the guidance, inspiration and constructive suggestions that helpful us in the preparation of this project. We also thank our colleagues who gave...

Words: 2036 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Information Systems

...Information Systems A Proposal To: Jeremy Black February 13, 2013 Contents Welcome 3 Performance Objective 3 Where to Start 3 Understand Information Systems 4 Management information System 4 Office Automation system 4 Supply Chain Management System 4 Electronic Commerce System 4 Executive Dashboard 4 Proposal 5 Thank You 6 [ ] Mr. Black, Thank you for contacting Wizard Tech for your information system needs for your company. We are honored to provide you with information on a variety of systems that are available for your company. This proposal will provide you with information on each system and address any question you may have concerning each system. Should you still have question or concerns please contact our office anytime. The contact information is located on the last page of this proposal. Performance Objective Information recording has change throughout the years through the change in technology. Technology advancements are changing the needs of companies to compete in their respectful markets. Here at Wizard Tech we know that it can be stressful for business owners to choose the correct information system to use for their new business. Our goal is to minimize your stress by walking you through picking your new system, installing it for you, and provide the necessary training needed to operate the new system. Where to Start When starting a new business it can be hard to choose the right information...

Words: 847 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Information Systems

...Health Care Information Systems Samantha Pernett November 1st, 2014 HCS/483 Professor Karen Johnson Technology changes and updates all the time and it is very important for organizations to stay up to date so that they are able to provide the best care. In health care this is also very important medicine as well as technology changes so much. This is why we have decided to change out information system. This can be a lengthy process and there are many steps. We will have to pick a system that fits best for our organization as well as transition into the new system by having everyone trained and educated. This will be a long process but it will help our organization be able to provide the best quality of care to our patients. As an organization we have to make sure that we cover all of the basics before making a change to a new information system. The first step is to research and decide which information system is going to fit best with our health care organization. As stated by Joy Hicks (2014) “The considering organization must ask, “What expense are we willing to spend on implementing this new process and what are the benefits from each choice, outsourcing or in house?” (pg 1). There are many things that we have to take into consideration when selecting and information system. We have to think about, cost, time, benefits, training, and education. All of these things are important. We also what to select at system that will be able to include all the information that we need...

Words: 843 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Information Systems

...company supported this by explaining that a single McDonalds store takes into consideration all the factors such as labour rate, raw materials, electricity, water and land costs in price fixing. Mc Donalds uses a number of information systems in its day to day management of the store. Information Systems Of all the information systems used in Mc Donalds, the most used are the Inventory System, and the Employee Scheduling System. Inventory system is nothing but a modified Library Information System. It is because the library and a particular Mc Donalds store, both act as a single system in which there are many items categorised in sections which keeps coming in and the existing ones keep going out. This intricate similarity made the systems use each other. The Employee Scheduling System is a part of Management Information System. It has an interface and a database to make all other functions of this system easy to run. Explanation Inventory System (Library Information System): A library information system enables the users to track down each and every single product at the facility. The inventory system uses a similar way to store the list of things in the store, and all the details about them to be used whenever necessary. The working of an Inventory system can be explained as: 1. Assistant Manager counts everything in the store on a weekly basis. 2. He stores all these details in the central computer. 3. Manager predicts the next week’s sales based on previous...

Words: 1070 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Information System

...Introduction to Information Systems Fundamental of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Principles and Learning Objectives  The value of information  how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals  Distinguish data f g from information f  Knowing the potential impact of information systems  Id tif the b i t Identify th basic types of b i f business i f information systems ti t  who uses them, how they are used, and what kinds of benefits they deliver  To build a successful information system y  System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together g 2 Principles and Learning Objectives  The use of information systems to add value to the organization  Identify some of the strategies employed to lower costs or improve y g p y p service  Identify the value-added processes in the supply chain value added  Define the term competitive advantage  IS personnel is a key li k  Define the types of roles, functions, and careers available in information systems 3 Why Learn About Information Systems in Organizations?  How might the information system used depend on the various components of a computer-based information system: hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures?  How do computer-based information systems help businesses p y p implement best practices?  Information systems are used in almost every imaginable profession to reach customers around the world  Information systems in an organization...

Words: 3811 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Information Systems

...Information Systems and Software Applications XXXXXXX BIS/219 XXXXXX XXXXXXX Information Systems and Software Applications Computer systems have had an amazing impact on the way businesses operate. Technology has advanced so remarkably that those who are not using computers in their business are at a major disadvantage against their competitors (Writing, 2011). Computers allow the application of different types of software that assist businesses in their everyday operations, from maintaining files, monitoring inventory, selling goods, purchasing supplies to paying employees. Some information systems support an entire organization, others only support certain divisions within the organization. Each area supported is referred to as a functional area, a few examples are Finance information system, Marketing information system, Management information system, Accounting information system, and Human Resources information system. The first functional area considered is the world of finance. Finance is extremely critical to the success of an organization; an information system designed to process payroll for the employees would be very beneficial. This type of information system is used in a particular functional area such as finance. An example could be a software application as simple as Quicken or as complex as an application custom designed specifically for this organization. A financial information system is a necessity for an organization to properly and efficiently...

Words: 543 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Information System

...1. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. 2. Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS), implements the four (4) basic IS functions: 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Feedback 3. Determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to crime faster. 4. Apply the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) on behalf of police departments that intend to implement predictive policing. 5. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. You may use the resources above or others of your choosing Predictive Policing | Information Technology, or IT, is the study, design, creation, utilization, support, and management of computer-based information systems, especially software applications and computer hardware. Information technology is not limited solely to computers, but other devices such as mobile phones, PDAs and other handheld devices. The field of IT is quickly moving from compartmentalized computer-focused areas to other forms of mobile technology.("Information Technology," 2011) Over the last decade, computer and telecommunications technologies have developed at a surprising rate. Increased computing...

Words: 253 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Information Systems

...0965944 Information Systems A consultancy report of Aalsmeer Flower Auction. Submitted to Ian Durling. Submitted by 0965944. Words 2919. 0965944 Contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Information Technology and Information Systems 1.2 Organisation chart of Aalsmeer Flower Auction 1.3 Business Environment 1.4 Swot Analysis of Aalsmeer Flower Auction 1.5 Pest Analysis of Aalsmeer Flower Auction 1.6 Porters Five Force Analysis 1.7 The Value Chain 1.8 Enterprise Application Architecture 2.0 Design Methodology 3.0 Dimensions of Information Systems 4.0 Conclusion 0965944 1 1.Introduction Aalsmeer Flower Auction, located in the Netherlands is the biggest flower auction of the world. It offers global growers, wholesalers and exporters a central place for the buying and selling of floricultural products with a range of marketing channels, facilities for growers, buyers and logistics. Every phase of the trade of flowers is managed in the Netherlands, pricing, packaging, distribution and quality control. Most of the flowers come from the Netherlands also Spain, Israel and Kenya among others. (Boonstra A & Van Dantzig,06 pg2). This has made AFA a prominent link in the International Chain of the flower auction market. New developments in the auction market has threatened the comfortable position of AFA. E-Networks the emergence of alternative electronically driven flower markets. Mergers and acquisition among...

Words: 3700 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Information Systems

...1. How do information systems projects get started in organizations? In order for Jim to initiate the project, he must first determine the size, scope, and resource requirements for the project. Information systems projects are started in organizations by first establishing the project initiation team. This activity involves organizing an initial core of project team members to assist in accomplishing the project initiation activities.  The project initiation team establishes the project initiation plan. This step defines the activities required to organize the initiation team while it is working to define the scope of the project. In order to have an organized approach or process, you must analyze what’s going on; then design a solution to the problem; and finally monitor and control. 2. How are organizational information systems related to company strategy? How does strategy affect the information systems a company develops and uses? The organizational information system is related to company strategy because it exists to help organizations achieve their goals and objectives. It is also determined by it competitive strategy. Strategy affects the information system because there are information services resources that apply to a strategic business opportunity in such way the computer systems have an impact on the organizations products and business operations.  4. What do you think Jim’s next step should be? Jim’s next step should be to create an information team and...

Words: 307 - Pages: 2