...com/locate/technovation Editorial The challenge of cyber supply chain security to research and practice – An introduction a b s t r a c t The tremendous potential to assist or degrade economic and national security performance make security in the cyber supply chain a topic of critical importance. This is reflected by the tremendous activity in the public and private sector to better understand the myriad of cyber challenges, identifying existing gaps and needs and closing these gaps as quickly and firmly as possible through government policy initiatives, public/private partnerships, and legal/insurance penalty and incentive regimes. However when we examine the academic literature, the research and publications in this area are rather sparse. Consequently, this special issue on Security in the Cyber Supply Chain is intended to act as a resource to practitioners and as a call to research. & 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Introduction In general, the cyber supply chain provides tremendous advances in efficiency and effectiveness. The economy gains through transactions being more efficient through the low cost rapid transmission of information related to supply chain management. Not only does this rapid transmission reduce cost, but it also provides value through increased effectiveness allowing for services and decisions that were not possible previously. This flow of information allows for the reduction of supply chain risk through inventory pooling, postponement, reduction...
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...What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? • Boundary Spanning Nature of SCM Introduction to Supply Chain Management • The Rise of SCM • Characteristics of a Competitive Supply Chain • Trends in SCM • Careers in SCM and Professional Organizations • Review Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1-1 Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1-2 What is Supply Chain Management? Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the design and management of flows of products, information, and funds throughout the supply chain Supply Chain Stages A typical supply chain may involve many different trading partners, called stages Stages may include: – Suppliers – Producers – Wholesalers/Distributors – Retailers – Customers Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1-3 Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1-4 SCM Activities SCM activities include: • Coordination – coordinate the movement of goods, services, and funds through the supply chain Managing Flows Through the Supply Chain Managing Flows of Products, Information, and Funds: • Flow of Products – from the beginning to the final customer – Reverse Logistics • Information Sharing – share forecasts, point-of-sale data, planned promotional campaigns, and inventory levels • Collaboration – jointly plan, operate, and execute business decisions as one entity Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1-5 Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1-6 1 10/15/2012 Managing Flows Through the Supply Chain...
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...DY 9 LENOVO’S BRAND BUILDING STRATEGIE: TAKING THE COMPETITION TO COMPETITORS WITH “TRANSACTIONAL MODEL” Agenda • Brief Summary about the case • Global PC Industry • Lenovo: From Emerging to Surging • Key Challenges of Lenovo from the case • Recommendations Agenda • Brief Summary about the case • Global PC Industry • Lenovo: From Emerging to Surging • Key Challenges of Lenovo from the case • Recommendations Overview of Global PC Industry Overview of Global PC Industry • Since early 1980s, PC industry has been the most dynamic electronic industry sector • The global PC industry reached mature level by mid-1990s • Dell and Gateway starts their build-to-order strategies, resulted to the total supply chain respond swiftly to change • Emerge of e-commerce (online sales) hastened PC industry’s clock speed Overview of Global PC Industry • PC-makers enjoys high profits 1990, however, they experiences an extreme downfall in early of 2000 • In 2004, in order to maintain PC vendor’s market position, vendor consolidation can develop economies of scale in order to go into a global presence • Global PC industry currently affected by two major trends; commoditization which is about mass-produced and the absence of mid-market, which separate to the customers that demand cheapest products and that of exclusive products Agenda • Brief Summary about the case • Global PC Industry • Lenovo: From Emerging to Surging • Key Challenges...
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...regulatory, economic, competitive analysis, structures, innovations, technologies, and leadership. To critique how well the organization adapts to change. Analyze the supply chain operations of Sprong Security Financial Services. Identify issues and/or opportunities of the company major issues, to generate a hypothesis for each issue, research questions to use for conducting analysis. Identify the circumstances surrounding each issue, classify the issue, attribute the importance of each classification, and test the accuracy of each classification. Legal is appointed, established, or authorized by law; deriving authority from law (Definitions- Legal, 2011). Regulatory is restricting according to rules or principles (Definitions - Regulatory, 2011). The laws and regulations for an accounting service and the insurance are the HIPAA Law, to have a lawyer on retainer for legal business, and keeping updates on the new tax laws for federal, state, and local. The federal trade commission is very big in any business because they regulate how an advertisement is being published to the public. The advertisement has to be honest, positive, and to be able to back up what the advertisement have to say. The HIPAA Law consists of the privacy of each client, for their information does not be leak out to anybody without their permission to do so. Economic is the study of how people choose to use resources. Sprong Security Financial Services economic services would be based on...
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...Amazon Supply Chain Management Student Name Course/Number Date Instructor Amazon Amazon is a Fortunate 500 company which was incorporated in 1994 and went online in year 1995.it has been listed in NASDAQ national Market since 1997.Company objective is to provide it customer product at low cost, convenience and with lot of options to search. It started as book retailer and then extended its product and offerings to other parts of country. Amazon is the largest internet retailer since 2000.Company focus more on innovation due to which it has become market leader in e-commerce segment(Mirow, 2005). Business Strategy of Amazon The business strategy of the company is to make itself the best place for the customers to buy products and to discover new products which will be available online. The business strategy of the company focuses more on providing value to each customer by creating disruptive technology innovation and provides products at the lowest cost to the customer with in specified time. There are various steps company has taken to implement its business strategy like providing better search options, reviews of the customers, recommendations, secure payment services and assuring on time delivery by focusing on availability and transportation (UNSEC, 1998). Supply Chain Strategy of Amazon Amazon followed excellent supply chain strategy .It focused on increasing the number of warehoused and also it established excellent inventory management system to...
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...forces that will be examined are legal and regulatory considerations, technological considerations, innovation, and competitive analysis. The internal forces and trends that will be examined are company goals, culture, and technologies. There will also be a critique on how well the organization adapts to change. The supply chain operations will be analyzed, and issues and opportunities will be identified. A hypothesis and research questions will also be generated for each issue. External Forces and Trends Legal and Regulatory Issues Synergos must comply with Federal Communications Commission and Federal Trade Commission regulations. One of Synergos' goals is to provide affordable high-speed Internet access to low-income families. However, the company must comply with the Federal Communications Commission net neutrality rules. Synergos must also work with attorneys to comply with the Securities and Exchange Commission regulations as well as other federal, state, and local agencies. Synergos formed a legal regulatory group to adapt to changes in regulations by the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Trade Commission as well as the Securities and Exchange Commission and other agencies. Synergos' hypothesis is that the company will be able to adapt to the legal and regulatory changes made by the Federal Communications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The research questions that will support the hypothesis is as followed:...
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...Management, Hospitality Management. FM resources • • • • • • • Human resources Material resources Information resources Financial resources Market resources Production & Logistics resources Development resources (Innovation) FM andHospitality Management • The art of welcoming • The conditioning of behaviour • The conditioning of navigation 3 Strategic FM Challenges • What is the dominant orientation of your organization: enabling or making (facilitating or producing)? • Did your FM make the step from supporting to enabling (from reactive to pro-active)? • Did you make the next step in positioning FM: from facility management to enabling leadership (from marching along the choosen road to marking the shining path) The strategic choices • Facility or make • Example Health care • Take hospitals: – Healing patients – Or – Enabling medical professionals to execute medical interventions Context: what is the world around FM Social Economic: a New Economy Geo-Political: The world is not enough Geo-Political: shifting power positions Political-Administrative: relationship business vs. state • Turbulence by crisis • Changing Governance systems • Limited tenability of current models • • • • New Economy disintermediated prosumption multiformity networks/chains ICT convergence changing economic landscape demand driven knowledge...
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...all the different types or forms of innovation exemplified in this article by explaining with data and facts from the case (10 points). First they are using a production innovation the just-in-time model. (It is a strategy for inventory management in which raw materials and components are delivered from the vendor or supplier immediately before they are needed in the manufacturing process.) Inventory has been a form of security but this kind of security is very expensive because computer parts are fast moving goods, and if your stock is full of these goods you will lose a lot of money. Kevin Rollins the CEO of Dell said, “inventory is like fish, the longer you keep it the faster it deteriorates.” Eleven years ago Dell carried 20 to 25 day of inventory in their warehouses and today they don’t have a warehouse. But if it fails, its manufacturing operations will crash within a matter of hours. But they also said that if you have your stock full of components, always you will have a lot of the wrong stuff and none of the right stuff. Many companies are not sure if it´s good of running so lean in an uncertain world, because you never safe for terrorist attacks or natural disasters. Another innovation is when they miss a forecast and they see they are running out of 15-inch flat screens they make for example a one week special of 17-inch screens in that time they sell it cheaper and so they lead the customer what they should buy. Supply-chain expert’s call this “demand shaping”...
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...Originally, the duo sought to develop a simple micro-computer board that could be offered to small and businesses. However, since its conception, Apple exhibited unprecedented growth in the ICT industry with its initial products, including Apple I, Apple II and Macintosh becoming the first commercially successful personal computers that assisted Apple to develop into a profitable, well-regulated firm that has come to be today. Today, the company focuses on the design, manufacture and marketing of a wide variety of consumer electronic products, including personal computers, smartphones, and portable music players, coupled with related computer software, applications, services and peripherals (Laugesen & Yuan, 2010). Apple has global supply chain with more than 250 retail stores distributed worldwide (Johnson et al., 2012). Starting with delivering music only, Apple has ventured into other entertainment content such as videos, television shows, films as well as audio books that are distributed via its ITunes Store (West & Mace, 2010). The current market environment features significant market players with relatively stronger and long established brands such as Microsoft, IBM, Google, Amazon, HP, Lenovo, and Dell (Zairi, 2013). Strengths Apple has several strengths over its market rivals. First, has relatively stronger financial position with an estimated total assets and cash in hand amounting to 162.9 billion and $116 billion, respectively (Johnson et al., 2012). This financial...
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...“An Apple a Day, Keeps Supply Chain Robust Another Day!” In their article, “Apples Supply-Chain Secret? Hoard Lasers,” Adam Satariano and Peter Burrows introduce us to several key attainments that Apple has been able to incorporate into their structure. Along with design and “buy or make” scenarios, Apple’s innovative and successful Supply Chain Management and Operational Divisions have leapt well above those of other companies. Satariano and Burrows also share with their audience the “front-runner” position that Apple took 4 years ago in Supply Chain Management. Coupled with partnering for innovation and the virtually unlimited capital that Apple has at their fingertips, gaining supplier respect and loyalty, they have them at their disposal. Meaning, with the exuberant and vast numbers of volume procured from these suppliers, Apple stands at the front of the line when it comes to product needed from any supplier. Their article begins with the design factor and “making the impossible, possible.” Utilizing its Supply Chain Management team, coupled with manufacturing and materials experts, Apple was confronted with what they deemed a critical design and manufacturing dilemma. Going on the old adage, “two heads are better than one,” they realized that this philosophy can be applied when attempting to resolve and provide innovation to their design barrier. Adding the new feature to MacBook’s, Trackpads, and their wireless keyboards initially proved to be a challenge. Posed with...
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...source of corundum was greeted jubilantly; the only other North American source was in Ontario. The problem – one that surfaced after the company had incurred a large start-up debt – was that the corundum was not there on Lake Superior’s Minnesota north shore. What was there was anorthosite, which is useless as an abrasive (Bishop, 2005). So within a couple of years of its founding, 3M had tons of mineral for sale, no customers and was all but bankrupt. When mining turned out to be of little use and a failed attempt with mineral deposits the company decided to relocate and focus on the manufacturing of a new product, sandpaper. After a few years of struggling the company was able to master sandpaper manufacturing and created a successful supply chain. Several things began happening for the company as it began to grow, first in 1910 one of its investors Lucius Ordway moved the company from Duluth Minnesota to...
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...Literature review The concept of Supply Chain Management is based on two core ideas. The first is that practically every product that reaches an end user represents the cumulative effort of multiple organizations. These organizations are referred to collectively as the supply chain. The second idea is that while supply chains have existed for a long time, most organizations have only paid attention to what was happening within their “four walls.” Few businesses understood, much less managed, the entire chain of activities that ultimately delivered products to the final customer. The result was disjointed and often ineffective supply chains. Supply chain management, then, is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective & efficient ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities. The organizations that make up the supply chain are “linked” together through physical flows and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement, and storage of goods and materials. They are the most visible piece of the supply chain. But just as important are information flows. Information flows allow the various supply chain partners to coordinate their...
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...Since San Walton opened his first store in 1962, Walmart has grown into a global retailer with more than 4,000 store in the United States and more than 6,000 internationally. Walmart is comprised of three business segments, Walmart US, Walmart International and Sam’s Club. Walmart Global eCommerce works across all three segments. Walmart’s mission statement “We save people money so they can live better”, is not indicative of where its strategic focus areas are, but it does sound good for the average customer who has a limited budget. This mission statement leads directly into Walmart Global eCommerce goals which include combining online, social innovations with physical stores to give consumers “anywhere, anytime shopping experience” in addition to its organizational sustainability goal of creating zero waste, using only sustainable energy and selling products that sustain the environment which is important to all of Walmart’s segments including eCommerce. Walmart’s overall objective is to deliver shareholder value by increasing earnings per share, returns and maintaining strong stable returns on investment. According to Walmart CEO, Mike Duke, Walmart’s strategic focus areas are: •Making sure the company has the best retail talent at every level of the organization by recruiting, developing and retaining the best associates; •Delivering on the productivity loop that enables Walmart to operate for less so the company can drive prices even lower for its customers ...
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...Cisco Systems, Inc.: Collaboration on New Product Introduction Viking Project Cisco 1. What are the challenges and risks faced by technology companies in new product introduction? When an introducing new product there are several challenges and risks that technology companies face and must take into account before starting development. The technology industry is rapidly changing with new technology being developed and introduced every day. Therefore, time is of most importance and indeed a challenge that technology companies face. There were several examples of ´time to market pressure´ in the case of Cisco Systems Inc. While their new product took several years of development work they had a deadline they had to meet and launch the product extremely quickly, or else they faced the risk of losing market share. In these years of development, new product introduction can be very expensive where companies usually risk spending a lot of money and make large number of prototypes with little certainty that the product design will meet customer requirements. When the product finally enters the market, customers might already have a product that fulfills their needs or they might not even want such a product any longer since the industry is in constant change. Thus, a two-way street with customers is very important in a product´s development as mentioned in the case. Furthermore, in our globalized world today, technology companies also face the challenge of making a design that can...
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...the importance of effective supply chain management in achieving organisational objectives * Explain the link between supply chain management and business functions in an organisation * Discuss the key drivers for achieving an integrated supply chain strategy in an organisation | 2 | * Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies used by an organisation to maintain supplier relationships * Use information technology to create strategies to develop an organisation’s relationship with its suppliers * Develop systems to maintain an organisation’s relationship with its suppliers | 3 | * Assess how information technology could assist integration of different parts of the supply chain of an organisation * Evaluate how information technology has contributed to the management of the supply chain of an organisation * Assess the effectiveness of information technology in managing the supply chain of an organisation | 4 | * Explain the role of logistics in supply chain management in an organisation * Evaluate procurement practices in an organisation * Discuss the factors that must be considered when improving logistics and procurement practices in an organisation | 5 | * Plan a strategy to improve an organisation’s supply chain * Assess how a supply chain improvement strategy will benefit overall business performance in an organisation * Explain how barriers will be overcome in an organisation when implementing a supply chain improvement strategy | ...
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