...Hsgdhasghd dsanfbasf fsajfasjfDvfkdsgjfdgdf;lgkdfl;gfdl;gdfl;hkjmhl;kdf Gnfd,gmndf,.gmdf G dfm,gndfgndf Fsnfmafasf Fsafmsafmsaf Fsafasfsaf Fsfasfsafsafafffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff Dsfffffffffffffffffffffffffffff Hsgdhasghd dsanfbasf fsajfasjfDvfkdsgjfdgdf;lgkdfl;gfdl;gdfl;hkjmhl;kdf Gnfd,gmndf,.gmdf G dfm,gndfgndf Fsnfmafasf Fsafmsafmsaf Fsafasfsaf Fsfasfsafsafafffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff dsfffffffffffffffffffffffffffff Hsgdhasghd dsanfbasf fsajfasjfDvfkdsgjfdgdf;lgkdfl;gfdl;gdfl;hkjmhl;kdf Gnfd,gmndf,.gmdf G dfm,gndfgndf Fsnfmafasf Fsafmsafmsaf Fsafasfsaf Fsfasfsafsafafffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff dsfffffffffffffffffffffffffffff Hsgdhasghd dsanfbasf fsajfasjfDvfkdsgjfdgdf;lgkdfl;gfdl;gdfl;hkjmhl;kdf Gnfd,gmndf,.gmdf G dfm,gndfgndf Fsnfmafasf Fsafmsafmsaf Fsafasfsaf Fsfasfsafsafafffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff dsfffffffffffffffffffffffffffff Hsgdhasghd dsanfbasf fsajfasjfDvfkdsgjfdgdf;lgkdfl;gfdl;gdfl;hkjmhl;kdf Gnfd,gmndf,.gmdf G dfm,gndfgndf Fsnfmafasf Fsafmsafmsaf Fsafasfsaf Fsfasfsafsafafffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff dsfffffffffffffffffffffffffffff Hsgdhasghd dsanfbasf fsajfasjfDvfkdsgjfdgdf;lgkdfl;gfdl;gdfl;hkjmhl;kdf ...
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...European Economic Review 48 (2004) 943 – 957 www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase Simultaneous entry and welfare LuÃs M.B. Cabrala; b;∗ a Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, 44 West 4th Street, New York, NY 10012, USA b CEPR, London, UK Received 3 July 2002; accepted 13 June 2003 Abstract I examine the welfare properties of free entry under conditions of simultaneous entry. Specifically, I consider the second-best problem of in uencing the number of entrants while taking as given ÿrm behavior upon entry. I consider two alternative models of simultaneous entry: grab-the-dollar entry and war-of-attrition entry. I show that, if entry costs are low, then the results from previous models of sequential entry are fairly robust to the possibility of simultaneous entry. If however entry costs are high, then the welfare e ects of free entry depend delicately on the nature of the entry game being played. c 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classiÿcation: L1; L6; L9 Keywords: Entry; Welfare 1. Introduction Economists frequently presume that free entry is desirable from a social welfare point of view. In fact, free entry is one of the conditions underlying the First Welfare Theorem. However, it is well known that, once one of the conditions for the theorem is removed, the other conditions are no longer necessarily desirable (Lipsey and Lancaster, 1956). Speciÿcally, a number of authors have shown that, once we abandon the assumption of competitive...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed ne. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. is woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “ e Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II Skin Pigmentation and...
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...Employment & Salary Trends in the Gulf 1 Executive Summary Despite the slump in oil prices and conflicts in neighbouring countries, the Gulf region continues to enjoy a stable pace of economic growth, with most firms maintaining employment levels or increasing headcount. Most governments have so far used their large reserves to keep spending and investment plans at previous levels. from absorbing this pool of talent. Pay rises across the region averaged 6.7% in 2014, the highest average increase since the financial crisis, and are projected to accelerate further in 2015 to 6.9%. This is driven by the competition for talent and rising cost of living and, in the case of Oman, increasing unionisation The impact of the oil price fall has so far been of the workforce. At the same time, the strength limited to firms in the oil and gas sector, some of the US dollar, to which most Gulf currencies of which have been downsizing. There has also are pegged, is helping make Gulf salaries more been some slowdown in Bahrain and Oman, attractive for expatriates, reducing upward the countries with lower cash reserves where pressure on wages. governments have started to reduce their investment on infrastructure projects. The UAE, and particularly Dubai, remain the region’s most popular destinations for expatriates. Across the region, the fastest growing sector is Qatar ranks second in popularity with newcomers, healthcare, driven...
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...Name__________________________________ Period ___ Date __________________ 26.2 – A Society on the Move What social and economic factors changed American life during the 1950s? Between 1940 and 1960, 40 million Americans moved to the suburbs, one of the largest mass migrations in history. Rural regions suffered the most dramatic decline in population. Because few houses were built during the war, the U.S. had a severe shortage of urban housing. Newly married veterans who needed housing looked to the suburbs. Rural regions and older industrial cities suffered dramatic declines in population. At this time of peak demand, developers began to quickly build affordable housing. William Levitt became a leader in mass producing suburban homes. Entire rows of houses in Levittown were built using the same plan. Workers could build houses in weeks rather than months built three Levittowns—in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania—which became blueprints for other suburbs soon springing up across the country. Home buyers could use an installment plan, paying $58 a month towards the cost of the home. Levitt built three Levittowns—in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania—which became blueprints for other suburbs soon springing up across the country. Other developers adopted Levitt's techniques, and suburbs were soon springing up across the country. New home buyers received low‐interest home loans courtesy of the GI Bill of Rights and the Federal ...
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...Total population (UN Population Division) Total area Population density Human Development Index (UNDP) (between 0 and 1; 1 is highest) Country rank (total 186 countries; 1 is highest) Gender Inequality Index (0 is equality between women and men; 1 is least equality) Water, sanitation and hygiene-related deaths % of total deaths (WHO) Long-term average annual precipitation (CRU CL 2.0) Long-term average actual renewable water resources (FAO AQUASTAT) Actual annual renewable water resources per capita (FAO AQUASTAT) 152.41 144 000 km2 1 058 inhabitants/km2 0.515 146 0.518 8.5 % 2 666 mm/year 1 227 million m3/year 8 051 m3/inhabitant 2.9 % 79 % 5 050 000 ha 60 % 73 % 2 sites 611 200 hectares year 2012 2011 2012 million inhabitants 2012 Bangladesh UN-Water Country Brief 2004 2011 2011 2012 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2013 Water withdrawals by sector (total 35 870 million m3 in 2009) % of total actual renewable freshwater resources withdrawn (MDG Water Indicator) (FAO AQUASTAT) Groundwater withdrawal as % of total freshwater withdrawal (FAO AQUASTAT) Total area equipped for irrigation (FAO AQUASTAT) % of the cultivated area equipped for irrigation (FAO FAOSTAT and FAO AQUASTAT) 88% 10% 2% Agricultural Municipal Industrial % of irrigation potential equipped for irrigation (FAO AQUASTAT) Ramsar sites (Ramsar) – number – total area The Money Stream During 2007 to 2011, the government invested US$ 259.30 million (in constant 2010 US$) on average...
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... C A S E OILWELL CABLE COMPANY, INC. Jack R. MeredithAs Norm St. Laurent, operations manager for Oilwell though there were advantages too. It probably stemmedCable Company, pulled his Bronco 4x4 onto Kansas’ from the way the company was originally set up.Interstate 70, he heard on the CB about the traffic jamahead of him due to icy road conditions. Although the History of Oilwell Cable Company (OCC)traffic was moving some, Norm decided to get off atthe eastern offramp for Lawrence, rather than the more Originally known as the Chord Cable Company and locateddirect western offramp, to save time. While waiting for in New Jersey, the firm had been experiencing severe man-the offramp to come up, Norm’s mind drifted back to agement difficulties. When acquired by new managementhis discussion with Bill Russell, the general manager, in 1983, they renamed it Oilwell Cable Company andon the previous day. Norm had been contemplating add- relocated in Lawrence, Kansas to be closer to their primarying microprocessors to their rubber mixing equipment in customers in northeastern Oklahoma. Their product lineorder to save manual adjustments on these machines. This consisted primarily of flat and round wire and cables forwould improve throughput and reduce costs simultane- submersible pumps in oil wells.ously, though without displacing any employees. Based The manager chosen to head up the new enterprise, Ginoon the data Norm had seen, it appeared that the micro- Strappoli, gave considerable thought...
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...Preparing Leaders for the Corporate World through Executive MBA – Corporate Managers Program Register for the Aptitude Test NOW -Online Registration is ending on March 16, 2012 -Entry Test on March 18, 2012 For Information and queries Muhammad Saleem Umer Telephone # 9926 1802 or 38104700-10 Ext: 2800 Email: msumer@iba.edu.pk Safder Abbas Telephone # 38104700-10 Ext: 1876 Email: safderabbas@iba.edu.pk Preparing leaders for the Corporate World through Executive MBA Corporate Managers Program In 2009, IBA offered the Executive MBA for Corporate Managers Program, a flagship product carrying value propositions through courses conducted over the weekends. This unique program aims to equip the participants with the tools and knowledge to develop their entrepreneurial and leadership skills, enabling them to become corporate leaders ready to face diverse challenges of the corporate world. The program is specifically designed for mid-career managers, and it emphasizes on their personal development, enhanced productivity and strategic thinking. Participants’ Eligibility In-service professionals having: - 16 years education with three years’ post qualification work experience; or - 14 years education with six years’ post qualification work experience - Minimum 45% aggregate marks in the last degree. Satisfactory performance in the IBA admission test and interview. Ideal Group Size is Thirty (30) in-service professionals/mid-career managers. Executive MBA degree from...
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...rates have been observed to depend on aspect ratio ~ depth/width ! rather than the absolute feature size. 1 Several mechanisms have been invoked to explain the ‘‘rule’’ of aspect-ratio-dependent etching ~ ARDE ! , but no general theory has emerged that captures the variety of seemingly conflicting experimental observations reported in the literature. 1,2 For example, while an ion-neutral synergy model with pure neutral flux shadowing appears to be con- sistent with a wealth of ARDE measurements in semiconductors, 2 it does not hold for the etching of insula- tors. Indeed, Doemling et al. 3 have reported inverse ARDE of trenches and holes in SiO 2 in a high-density CHF 3 plasma at 20 mTorr. Remarkably, they also reported aspect ratio independent etching ~ ARIE ! when the pressure was lowered to 6.7 mTorr; for fixed etching time, the etch depth was the same for a variety of trench widths and hole diameters ~ as low as 0.25 m m, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 8.5:1 ! . These authors convincingly argued that the strong influence of feature geometry on neutral flux of an etch inhibitor, pro- duced in the CHF 3 plasma, is responsible for the inverse ARDE at the higher pressure. The low pressure results were explained by hypothesizing that the neutral density at the bottom of the trench or hole, while ‘‘too low to cause inverse ARDE, it was still sufficient to suppress regular ARDE.’’ This hypothesis must be valid for all trenches and holes etched at the low pressure, which spanned...
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...Sta arbuck ks, a Li ifestyl le Th he Persu uasion of f Coffee Case ey McGrath h Who goe es to Starbu ucks? Coffe ee lovers, right? But is it just coffe ee lovers in general, or r is a specific portion of t the populat tion signific cantly more e attracted to the atmo osphere Starbuck ks exudes? Is going to Starbucks a ritual‐like e compulsio on for some e people in n our post‐mo odern era? I I wanted to know the a answers to these questions. In this report, I analyze the brandin ng choices of the most t famous co offee shop in the world d. After rea ading and analyzing the q quotes featu ured on the e back of St tarbuckʹs to o‐go cups (ʺThe Way I See Itʺ quote es), which a are submitt ted by custo omers and s selected by y Starbucks, , I argue tha at Starbuck ksʹ subtle branding tec chniques en ncourage a specific life estyle for th heir target market. Overview Skylar, a wealthy British student at Harvard, approaches Will, an Irish‐American janitor from South Boston, hands him a slip of paper, and says, “There’s my number. So maybe we can go out for coffee sometime.” Taking her number, Will replies coyly, “All right, yeah, or maybe we can just get together and eat a bunch of caramels.” “What do you mean?” Skylar asks. “Well, when you think about it, it’s as arbitrary as drinking coffee.” ~Good Will Hunting It doesn’t really matter where in the world you go these days, because you can probably still get ...
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...Journal of Financial Economics 60 (2001) 187}243 The theory and practice of corporate "nance: evidence from the "eld John R. Graham , Campbell R. Harvey * Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02912, USA Received 2 August 1999; received in revised form 10 December 1999 Abstract We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital, capital budgeting, and capital structure. Large "rms rely heavily on present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model, while small "rms are relatively likely to use the payback criterion. A surprising number of "rms use "rm risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about "nancial #exibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings We thank Franklin Allen for his detailed comments on the survey instrument and the overall project. We appreciate the input of Chris Allen, J.B. Heaton, Craig Lewis, Cli! Smith, Jeremy Stein, Robert Taggart, and Sheridan Titman on the survey questions and design. We received expert survey advice from Lisa Abendroth, John Lynch, and Greg Stewart. We thank Carol Bass, Frank Ryan, and Fuqua MBA students for help in gathering the data, and Kathy Benton, Steve Fink, Anne Higgs, Ken Rona, and Ge Zhang for computer assistance. The paper has bene"ted from comments made by an anonymous referee, the editor (Bill Schwert), as well as Michael Bradley, Alon Brav, Susan Chaplinsky, Magnus Dahlquist...
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...Journal of Financial Economics 60 (2001) 187}243 The theory and practice of corporate "nance: evidence from the "eldଝ John R. Graham , Campbell R. Harvey * Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02912, USA Received 2 August 1999; received in revised form 10 December 1999 Abstract We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital, capital budgeting, and capital structure. Large "rms rely heavily on present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model, while small "rms are relatively likely to use the payback criterion. A surprising number of "rms use "rm risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about "nancial #exibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings ଝ We thank Franklin Allen for his detailed comments on the survey instrument and the overall project. We appreciate the input of Chris Allen, J.B. Heaton, Craig Lewis, Cli! Smith, Jeremy Stein, Robert Taggart, and Sheridan Titman on the survey questions and design. We received expert survey advice from Lisa Abendroth, John Lynch, and Greg Stewart. We thank Carol Bass, Frank Ryan, and Fuqua MBA students for help in gathering the data, and Kathy Benton, Steve Fink, Anne Higgs, Ken Rona, and Ge Zhang for computer assistance. The paper has bene"ted from comments made by an anonymous referee, the editor (Bill Schwert), as well as Michael Bradley, Alon Brav, Susan Chaplinsky...
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...Doyin Ogunbajo's Ultimate Golf Journal January 2011 Trans # 53 Type Invoice Date 1/2/2011 Num 2 Adj Name Yanov, Tamara Yanov, Tamara Yanov, Tamara Yanov, Tamara State Board of Equ... Memo -MULTIPLE-MULTIPLE-MULTIPLECA Sales Tax Account 1200 · Accounts Re... 4020 · Clothing Sales 1120 · Inventory As... 5000 · Cost of Goo... 2200 · Sales Tax P... Debit Credit 600.54 559.94 80.00 80.00 40.60 680.54 54 Invoice 1/2/2011 3 Costini, Maria Costini, Maria Costini, Maria Costini, Maria Costini, Maria State Board of Equ... Golf Clubs: S... -MULTIPLE-MULTIPLE-MULTIPLECA Sales Tax 1200 · Accounts Re... 4030 · Equipment S... 1120 · Inventory As... 5000 · Cost of Goo... 4010 · Accessory S... 2200 · Sales Tax P... Golf Clubs: ... Golf Clubs: ... Golf Clubs: ... CA Sales Tax 1200 · Accounts Re... 4030 · Equipment S... 1120 · Inventory As... 5000 · Cost of Goo... 2200 · Sales Tax P... Golf Bags -MULTIPLE-MULTIPLEGolf Clubs: Ir... CA Sales Tax 10% Discoun... 1200 · Accounts Re... 4010 · Accessory S... 1120 · Inventory As... 5000 · Cost of Goo... 4030 · Equipment S... 2200 · Sales Tax P... 6130 · Sales Discou... 1,034.64 750.00 362.50 362.50 214.70 69.94 1,397.14 55 Invoice 1/2/2011 4 Hammar, Azar Hammar, Azar Hammar, Azar Hammar, Azar State Board of Equ... Invoice 1/2/2011 5 Palm Springs Scho... Palm Springs Scho... Palm Springs Scho... Palm...
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...Communication On-Line Les relais… 2 territoires d’expression 6 stratégies * LES RELAIS 2 territoires d’expression… Buzz Branding Image Social Media Trafic Vente Relation Client Performance * Les relais 6 stratégies… Buzz Image Social Media Trafic Vente Relation Client * Buzz Video On Line Record du monde du visionnage on-line : 45 000 000 de vidéos vues * Buzz Video On Line Exemple de buzz interactif 600 000 lectures en 24 heures… * Buzz Marketing viral Transformer les internautes en vecteurs de la marque. Utilisez les clients comme porte-drapeaux et leaders d’opinion et jouer sur le registre de la satisfaction ! Les règles ● Connaître sa cible, c’est du one to one ● Jouer le ton décalé, l’humour est un bon moyen, faire preuve de créativité. ● Susciter l’étonnement et l’intérêt. Objectif : pousser l’internaute à cliquer sur la campagne, en dévoilant le message, à la fin. ● Faciliter le transfert du message ● Le respecter (Opt-in indispensable) Ex. : Samsung: Samsung , Orange: Samsung , Orange, Mini * Buzz Marketing viral BlendTech : un cas d’école… * Buzz Marketing viral * Buzz Marketing viral Les étapes ● Définir une cible souche (dans le cas du parrainage par exemple) Soigner la mécanique Entraîner la viralité Motiver Maintenir l’activité Budget… ● ● ● ● ● * Buzz Marketing viral GOOD BUZZ http://www.mediassociaux...
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...L'obsolescence programmée Guillermic Brice Jaussoin Timothée 16 janvier 2012 Table des matières I L'obsolescence programmée lèse le consommateur, mais elle est bonne pour 3 l'économie 1 Les objets durables le sont de moins en moins 2 Le problème de l'environnement 3 Un matériel verrouillé 4 La n du Service Après Vente 5 Permet aux entreprises un développement technologique 6 Une importante économie d'échelle II C'est surtout bon pour la société de consommation 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 7 Crée une dynamique économique, dynamique des ux nanciers 8 Réponse à la demande des gens qui veulent suivre la mode 9 Permet également la manipulation psychologique de masse 10 Permet l'intégration sociale et aussi un sentiment de bien être Bibliographie 12 13 15 17 19 1 Introduction L'obsolescence programmée est un phénomène devenu en quelques décennies omniprésent dans nos sociétés puisque fondant en grande partie le modèle ultra-consumériste sur lequel nous nous basons. Au travers de ce document, nous tâcherons d'en exposer les diérents aspects. En premier lieu, nous expliquerons pourquoi celle-ci peut porter atteinte (du moins sur le long terme) aux consommateurs. En eet celui-ci se trouve être au nal le premier atteint par le phénomène tant positivement (baisse des prix sur le court terme, innovation importante et rapide sur les produits consommés) que négativement (dépenses parfois inutiles puisque s'appliquant bien souvent sur des produits qui auparavant étaient...
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