...Matricola: 14771 Paper di Laurea di : Luca Cantadori Matricola: 14771 Anno Accademico : 2012/2013 Anno Accademico : 2012/2013 CONSEQUENCES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON THE ENVIRONMENT:Focus on International Trade i. Economic growth and the environment ii. Environmental Kuznets curve: a. Kuznets Curve:Income inequality and growth b. Income inequality , growth and the environment iii. Population growth: how increasing population could affect the environment iv. Economic impacts of environmental policies: c. Economic growth: investment and innovation d. Effect on competitiveness v. International Trade and the environment vi. Effects of Trade on the environment vii. Trade due to differences in Environmental Policies: e. Pollution Haven case viii. Trade not due to differences in Environmental policies: f. Comparative advantage and environment: how factor endowments can influence environment ix. Conclusion x. References xi. Abstract i.Economic growth and the environment In the first half of the twentieth century there was and incredible explosion of international trade: indeed international trade almost triplicate its size.( According to data from www.worldbank.org) A lot of changes contributed to this expansion, first of all technological changes that allowed to reduce distances...
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...[Date] [Date] INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Globalization refers to the widely flow of production factors within the entire globe in order to understand the optimum resource allocation. Different authors provide different definitions of globalisation with their profound research. According to international monetary fund, globalization increases the rapid and extensive transmission of technology along with international commodity, transactions of service and scale of global capital flow. The mutual independence of economy is also strengthened by Globalisation. Economic globalisation builds international capital, production, technology, market, resources and manpower in order to understand reasonable and effective allocation. Competition between the countries are intensified during the effective promotion of global cooperation. This is due to the limited resources and extended capital in economic perspective. In terms of politics each country tends to increase the strength to achieve more profit (Broad & David, 2006). The independent flow of production factors in the world are accelerated though economic globalization which forms a global market. Therefore the global operation of the multinational companies along with the involvement of global industrial structure are promoted. The advantages of capital and technology can be used by the developing countries and by transferring these capital and technology the...
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...Lecturer: Richard Underwood Individual essay Bribery, giving and taking, is an unfortunate consequence of engaging in international trade but is necessary to pursue an organization’s objective of maximizing return on investment. Student name: Vu Thi Hoang Yen Student ID: 15994331 Bribery in international trade has become increasingly popular all over the world. When engaging in international trade, many businesses have to concern about whether bribery is an effective way to reach their target of profits maximization. This essay will discuss about the impact of bribery on organizations’ profits in international trade. The first part will explain the definition of bribery in international trade and provide some fact and figures about the popularity of bribery in business today. The second part will investigate how bribery helps organizations to maximize return on investment. The final part will look at negative influences of bribery on the performance of the business According to The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2009), bribery is a specific form of corruption that can be defined as the voluntary giving of something of value to influence performance of official duty either by doing something improper or failing to do something they should do within the authority of their position. In the international business, bribery is regarded as action that one business firm from one country offer monetary or non financial inducements...
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...The international business and trade environment is the backbone of global economy. Trade agreements to buying and selling goods and services internationally give manufacturers in various countries the opportunity to expand beyond the domestic market. Trading across national borders increases sales, creates jobs, balances seasonal fluctuations and provides a variety of products and services. As the global economy continues to strengthen, international trade continues to be in demand. 4.2 OBJECTIVES Increases Sales For some businesses, the drop in the value of the dollar increases business internationally. To capture the international market, businesses have launched Internet marketing campaigns and websites targeted at consumers in specific...
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...ADEGBENRO ELEWADE MIB 34 LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS. QUESTION 1 The following rules and principles will be used to analyse if this new trade policy is permissible. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION RULES AND PRINCIPLES - * Trade discrimination is forbidden- There is a trade discrimination in this policy by subjecting Mediterraneo and Equatoriana to a tariff and excluding Oceania from the tariff policy and also this trade discrimination occurred because Oceania and Pacifica are members of a customs union modeled on and using the same rules at the European Union * Each state has to afford most-favored-nation status to all other WTO member states equally- Pacifica only offered most-favored-nation-status to only Oceania, instead of offering this status also to the other WTO members. National Treatment Rule * A WTO member state must treat imports equally with its own domestic products once the imports are inside its borders- Pacifica subjected foreign cars to foreign sales tax at the point of sales but excluded cars manufactured in Pacifica from this policy, this should not be done because the national treatment principle states that foreign goods should be treated as domestic goods, so Pacifica should not subject this foreign goods to foreign sales tax since also the domestic goods are not subjected to this tax. * Products must be treated equally vis-à-vis their content; they may not be discriminated against because of the way in which they were made-...
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...ADEGBENRO ELEWADE MIB 34 LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS. QUESTION 1 The following rules and principles will be used to analyse if this new trade policy is permissible. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION RULES AND PRINCIPLES - * Trade discrimination is forbidden- There is a trade discrimination in this policy by subjecting Mediterraneo and Equatoriana to a tariff and excluding Oceania from the tariff policy and also this trade discrimination occurred because Oceania and Pacifica are members of a customs union modeled on and using the same rules at the European Union * Each state has to afford most-favored-nation status to all other WTO member states equally- Pacifica only offered most-favored-nation-status to only Oceania, instead of offering this status also to the other WTO members. National Treatment Rule * A WTO member state must treat imports equally with its own domestic products once the imports are inside its borders- Pacifica subjected foreign cars to foreign sales tax at the point of sales but excluded cars manufactured in Pacifica from this policy, this should not be done because the national treatment principle states that foreign goods should be treated as domestic goods, so Pacifica should not subject this foreign goods to foreign sales tax since also the domestic goods are not subjected to this tax. * Products must be treated equally vis-à-vis their content; they may not be discriminated against because of the way in which they were made-...
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...LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION Logistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective, forward and backward (reverse) flow and storage of goods, services and information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements rather to the customers’ delight. A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a logistician. Logistics, as a business concept, evolved only in the 1950s. This was mainly due to the increasing complexity of supplying one's business with materials, and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, calling for experts in the field who are called Supply Chain Logisticians. This can be defined as having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right price and to the right target customers (consumer); and it is the science of process having its presence in all sectors of the industry. The goal of logistics work is to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies. Logistics is concerned with getting (or transmitting) the products and services where they are needed or when they are desired. It is difficult to accomplish any marketing or manufacturing without logistical support. It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging. The operating responsibility of...
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...Unit 12 Assignment 1 P1 - Explain the international business environment in which a selected business operates. The business that I have chosen to produce a report on how they could expend their business internationally is my own business, Impossible Project. Impossible Project is a fashion brand based in the UK. We design and produce our own brand of high-end designer clothing and are just selling in the UK at the moment. It is a relatively small business at the moment, however we have the capacity in terms of finance and scale to start looking at trading internationally. The country Impossible Project has targeted to start of their international journey is China. I have chosen to use China for a variety of reasons; one being it is a BRIC country. “BRIC is an acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China combined. The general consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003, which speculated that by 2050 these four economies would be wealthier than most of the current major economic powers.” - http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bric.asp Political * Being a communist country means Chinese consumers feel forced into supporting Chinese brands as a pose to UK brands. | Economical * According to the latest government figures, growth picked up to 7.9% in the final three months of 2012, from 7.4% in the previous quarter * China is a BRIC country and will soon be one of the leading economic powers | ...
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...University of Nottingham Ningbo China Business School Academic Year 2015/16 Autumn Semester INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Lianxi Zhou EBay: China and India External Business Macro Environment Entry Report Group 2 Hugo John MASON; ID: 6513963 Boon Long Tan; ID: 6512494 Sung Jun PARK; ID: 6508247 Yasong ZHAO; ID: 6511938 Word Count: 3000 Table of Contents Introduction 2 China 3 Political Environment 3 Political and Legal System 3 Five Year Plan 3 One Belt, One Road 4 Risk 4 Economic Environment 5 Market Size 5 Currency 5 FDI 6 Socio-Cultural Environment 8 Guanxi 8 Hofstede’s Model of National Culture 9 China Recommendation 11 India 12 Political Environment 12 Political and Legal System 12 Opportunity 13 Risk 13 Economic Environment 14 Market Size 14 Currency 14 FDI 15 Regional Trade Blocs 16 Risk 16 Socio-Cultural Environment 17 Socio-Demographic 17 Trust and Uncertainty Avoidance 17 Human Resources 18 India Recommendation 19 Reference 20 Appendix 25 Introduction In recent decades a global shift has arisen and revolutionized the way businesses operate as we move into a more integrated and interdependent global economy. Known as Globalization, the e-commerce industry has been the crux of such a radical metamorphoses of nations. National economies are no longer self-contained and independent. China, having one of the fastest growing e-commerce markets at 22.6% (iResearch, 2014) has...
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...Every small, medium enterprise’s dream is to be able to trade on an international platform, just like how every little kids dream of their ambitions. However, in the process of pursuing that dream, many of these kids were steered away and diverted due to the various situations and experienced that moulds them as a mature being. A business organisation surprisingly, shares a common conduit, but in a whole altered state, even more complex because of the immersion of different cultural, social, economic, political and legal forces. All those forces play a vigorous part in the success of business, especially when an organisation decides to go international. For example, let’s apprehend the case of Tesco breaking through the South Korean market in the year 1999. Tesco’s nifty idea to form a joint venture with the giant electronic company, Samsung, has ever since becomes the core of its growing success to be one of the biggest retailer in the world. Lucky for Tesco, the collaboration made the whole process of understanding the external environments which otherwise would require even more cost and time consuming. For example, Tesco gained new in depth knowledge about how the local market works, and acquire the best locations for store. In addition to the advantages, Tesco accomplished well to meet the demand of the Korean consumers, localize their stores and also introduce its own way of work to the South Korean country. Evidently these external forces are essential for the future of...
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...1. International business environment Book0)Business mean to busy in an activity, which are related to money almost business have 50% chances of profit and losses.(Morrison, j. 2002)Business is operated in every part of the world. As the business grow. It is looking for new opportunities across the border. International business is the term use for the operation and objective of the organisation that have interest in other countries. For example Tesco, Ford, General Motor, McDonald, Disney, so many other companies. These companies have key interest to standardise their product for general acceptance. The international business becomes more complex. Tie between the different societies and organisations. (Meldrum, D.H) as businesses inter into new market it chances of 50% losses increases. Due to different in economic, political, cultural structure, policies, geography and currencies. These factor decreases profit ratio of international investment. There are no specific criteria to measure such in-stability. Every investor used their own method and measure. Uncertain condition of country make easy for international business to design their own stability criteria. (Considering risk in international business) Business has no idea about the local risk. It's difficult to operate and manage in such condition where the Culture, Social, Economic, Political, and legal structure are not stable. In such cause the international business need to take all the measurement either it`s Commercial...
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...1. International business environment Business mean to busy in an activity, which are related to money almost business have 50% chances of profit and losses.(Morrison, j. 2002)Business is operated in every part of the world. As the business grow. It is looking for new opportunities across the border. International business is the term use for the operation and objective of the organisation that have interest in other countries. For example Tesco, Ford, General Motor, McDonald, Disney, so many other companies. These companies have key interest to standardise their product for general acceptance. The international business becomes more complex. Tie between the different societies and organisations. (Meldrum, D.H) as businesses inter into new market it chances of 50% losses increases. Due to different in economic, political, cultural structure, policies, geography and currencies. These factor decreases profit ratio of international investment. There are no specific criteria to measure such in-stability. Every investor used their own method and measure. Uncertain condition of country make easy for international business to design their own stability criteria. (Considering risk in international business) Business has no idea about the local risk. It's difficult to operate and manage in such condition where the Culture, Social, Economic, Political, and legal structure are not stable. In such cause the international business need to take all the measurement either it`s Commercial...
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...The global group of energy and petrochemical companies is a multinational company with worldwide recognition rodrigo | December 5, 2012 Table of Contents [show] Introduction BACKGROUND OF SHELL Shell, a global group of energy and petrochemical companies is a multinational company with worldwide recognition. Shell is best known for its service stations and for exploring and producing oil and gas on land and at sea. In truth Shell deliver a vast range of energy solutions and petrochemicals to customers, produce and sell petrochemical building blocks to industrial customers on a global scale, invest in making renewable and lower-carbon energy sources, competitive for large scale use. LITERATURE REVIEW Corporate Strategy of shell By being more upstream Shell aims to focus its investments on long term, high return projects to develop oil and gas resources, and grow the companies leading liquefied natural gas business. Downstream profits involves; generating more cash by reshaping integrated oil products and petrochemicals portfolio to enhance operations and focus on growth markets, particularly in Asia. Shell believes that this strategy will improve their business performance and increase their contribution to sustainable development. “Stronger emphasis on our upstream activities and fast growing markets will help us deliver the energy the world needs for economic growth and poverty reduction”. Shell aims to increase focus on producing cleaner burning natural gas, in so doing...
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...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Question 4: Compare and contrast the activities of two companies of your choice in the same industrial sector in developing new technology to try to maintain competitive advantage. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 4 (i)PRINCIPAL STAGES OF TECH DEVELOPMENT 4 (ii)BASIC INDEXES OF TECHNOLOGY 4 ROLE OF R&D 5 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION 7 ANALYSIS 10 (i)SAMSUNG 10 (ii)APPLE 12 PORTER’S 5 FORCE MODEL COMPARISON 15 SWOT ANALYSIS 17 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 19 REFERENCES 21 INTRODUCTION This paper seeks to compare core and enabling technologies of two organizations in the consumer electronics industry. Apple is currently first in the brand value while Samsung is sitting in the second position. Whereas Samsung has the maximum market share in the mobile industry. Apple leads the line in the tablet segment. Both the companies compete fiercely in almost all the segments such as Laptops, mobiles. Apple’s is preparing the next innovative product called the Apple Tv. Apple and Samsung both generate huge profits but it is the latter which returns huge revenues each year and Apple is slightly losing its charm since Samsung is coming up with innovative and high tech products every year.. This paper further analyzes contrasting strategies of core and enabling technologies between two...
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...MEETING LEADERSHIP NEEDS IN AN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Cindy Teed American InterContinental University, Online Team and Leadership: MGMT444 Unit 5 Individual Assignment Instructor: Eileen Wibbeke Abstract This paper will analyze and evaluate ten leadership theories, including Tuchman’s model for team development. We will also discuss internal environments which will affect a global firm, including differences in language, culture, politics, and technological ability. Finally we will examine how to meet the challenges of these internal environments using various sources of power. Meeting Leadership Needs in an International Environment Due to the globalized economies and international firms, leaders are needed to bring vastly diversified teams together. Understanding leadership theories will help a firm understand how to recruit or develop leaders that will meet their needs. However, there are about as many theories on leadership as there are individuals who study leadership. In our discussion, we will analyze and evaluate ten theories of leadership, and then we will focus on generally recognized commonalities of these theories in building a cohesive team. We also need to understand the difficulties introduces by diversified international teams. Some of these issues are introduced by internal environments including culture, language, politics, and technology. We also need to understand appropriate actions in meeting these challenges. Analysis and Evaluation of...
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