...The international business and trade environment is the backbone of global economy. Trade agreements to buying and selling goods and services internationally give manufacturers in various countries the opportunity to expand beyond the domestic market. Trading across national borders increases sales, creates jobs, balances seasonal fluctuations and provides a variety of products and services. As the global economy continues to strengthen, international trade continues to be in demand. 4.2 OBJECTIVES Increases Sales For some businesses, the drop in the value of the dollar increases business internationally. To capture the international market, businesses have launched Internet marketing campaigns and websites targeted at consumers in specific...
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...International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders. Although the path of world trade growth has been uneven in the past few years (Contraction in 1998, rebound in 1999 and 2000, followed by a slowdown in 2001), the fact that trade continued to expand faster than output is indicative of the increasing openness of national economies. Part of this development is due to the gradual but continued trend towards more liberal trade policies around the world. Since the establishment of the WTO in 1995, Members have been implementing staged reductions in bound tariffs, in domestic levels of support and export subsidy levels for agricultural products, and lifting non-tariff barriers. Specific measures, targeted on improving market access for least-developed countries in particular, have also been implemented...
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...Impact of WTO on Globalization Trade Policy Introduction World Trade Organization (WTO), found in 1995 and headquarters is in Geneva, has its clearly main purposes since its beginning that to promote economic and trade development all over the world. Up to the end of 2008, there are more than 135 members in the organization. In particularly, with the expansion of globalization trade, international business is more often than any time in the history. As one of the most crucial carrier of economic globalization, WTO establishes a set of international trade rules focusing on the liberalization, which play a strong role of encouraging and guiding in the process of economic globalization (Pauwelyn, 2005). This essay will mainly discuss WTO’s influence on the rules of globalization trade in combination with the current reform of trade policy. It will explain the topic from the following four aspects in detail: first, the basic rules WTO set up for the international trade, then, rules on e-commerce, the new rising global business, third, the preferential rules made by WTO for developing countries, and at last, it will discuss the impacts of WTO’s regulations on environmental issues when doing global trade. Basic Rules WTO set up for the Global Trade WTO's main objective is to provide adequate competitive opportunities for the trade among the members, which needs recognized common rules and principles for members to abide. There are two basic principles, namely the MFN principle (referred...
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...number and title |Unit 39: International Business | |Learner Name | | |Assessor Name | | |Date issued |31/10/13 | Assessment criteria to be assessed in this assignment |Criteria Reference|To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: |Task No. |Page No. | |P1 |Explain the international business environment in which a selected organisation operates |1.1 | | |P2 |Describe the mechanisms that regulate international trade |1.2 | | |P3 |Describe how the environment and culture of another country affects |1.5 | | | |a business operating internationally | | | |P4 |Describe how the monetary environment affects businesses that operate internationally...
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...The concern of the relationship between international trade and the environment can date back to the United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment in early 1970s (UN,1972). As the international trading activities increase in both frequency and magnitude, the relationship between world trade and environmental conservation becomes closer and closer. The extent of globalisation is now spreading across every parts of the world. At present, human is facing an important yet complicated problem climate change. In order to address this problem and promote sustainable development, the globalisation becomes a key focus. As one of the drivers of globalisation, international trade receives more public awareness than before. Nowadays, whether or not the trade-driven globalisation conflicts with preservation of the environment and natural resources environmental is a controversial topic (Heywood, 2014). However, in this essay I will argue that promoting globalisation through international trade creates both conflicts and opportunities to conservation of the environment and natural resources. From an economic point of view, both world trade and environmental protection are important because they are the essential for promoting sustainable development, due to this reason it is possible to reconcile their continued levels. Hence, addressing the conflicting aspects and maximising the opportunities between them are necessary. After discussing the relationships, I will also give the relevant...
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...TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT A RESOURCE BOOK Edited by Adil Najam Mark Halle Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT A RESOURCE BOOK Edited by Adil Najam Mark Halle Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz Trade and Environment: A Resource Book © 2007 International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and the Regional and International Networking Group (The Ring). Trade and Environment: A Resource Book Edited by Adil Najam, Mark Halle and Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz ISBN 978-1-895536-99-7 Published by International Institute for Sustainable Development, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, The Regional and International Networking Group This publication is available online at http://www.trade-environment.org http://www.iisd.org http://www.ictsd.org http://www.ring-alliance.org Cover photos from iStockphoto. Readers are encouraged to quote and reproduce this material for educational, not-for-profit purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper. Trade and Environment: A Resource Book The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD, http://www.iisd.org) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change, measurement and assessment, and natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and...
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...ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION 1) How political environment affects on international trade? * In this question 1 respondent answers positively which is mentioned in option A, 14 respondents answers negatively which is mentioned in option B and most of the respondent answer option C. * We think the answer might be C which explains political environment affects international trade both positively & negatively. 2) How government can affect on the international trade? * 4 respondents response option A which is new rules & regulation, 3 respondents response on potion B which is economic shift, 6 respondents response option C which is fiscal & monetary policy and after all, 38 respondents response option D which indicates all of the above option result we think. * The possible result might be option D which tells all of the above option ( New & regulation, Economic shift, Fiscal& monetary policy) 3) How political parties can influence the level of political stability? * High tariff & non-tariff barriers in option A is chosen by 5 respondents, Foreign direct investment restrictions is chosen by 6 respondents, Foreign exchange control is chosen by 5 respondents and all of the above is chosen by 34 respondents. * We think that all of the mentioned option can influence the level of political stability. 4) What will be the role of government to promote a country interests in the international area? →Option a national security is selected...
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...The University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China Division of International Business China and the World Trade Organization P13608 Module Outline Module Convenor: Dr Chieh Huang AB Room 379 chieh.huang@nottingham.edu.cn Office hours: Monday 10:30-12:30 10 credits TB329 Tuesday 2-4 PM 10 weekly two-hour lecture/seminars The course is taught by way of lecture/seminars which are two hours in length. The form of the lecture/seminars will be flexible, depending on the topic under consideration. Students are expected to participate fully in discussions in lecture/seminars and to have read all the set Essential Reading before class. Credits: Lecture Venue and Times Method of Delivery & Frequency on Class: Method and Criteria of Assessment: 100% Coursework (5000 words) Essay Submission Deadline is 4pm, Wednesday 27 November 2013 Topics: Please choose one area listed below and discuss its recent development in the context of China. You will need to narrow down your focus and set your own essay topic. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Non-market Economies in the WTO Energy Industry and the WTO Environment and the WTO Commentary on one WTO case involving China Self-selected topic upon approval (You are most welcome to decide a topic yourself. Once you decide to do so, however, you need to submit your topic and an one-paragraph abstract before 4pm 31 October. ) Module Aims: To give the students a broad knowledge of the multilateral trading system and China’s interaction with that system through...
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...1. Introduction At the very basic level, Environment, trade, and investment are fundamentally linked as the environment provides various basic inputs of economic activity – forests, fisheries, metals, minerals and also the energy used to process those materials. Trade and I investment, are thus affected by environmental concerns, because producers and investors have to comply with environmental regulations and markets have to address the consumer demand for greener goods. Apart from these physical and economic connections, there are certain legal institutions which govern trade, investment and the environment. Institutions like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and also regional & bilateral trade agreements include trade and investment rules. Multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), regional agreements, and also the national and sub-national regulations encompass the environmental law. Fundamental goals of WTO are sustainable development and protection and preservation of the environment. These are included in the “Marrakesh Agreement”, which established the WTO, and also complement the WTO’s objective to reduce the trade barriers and eliminate discriminatory treatment in international trade relations. Though, there is no specific agreement which deals with the environment, as per WTO rules members can adopt trade-related measures aimed at protecting the environment, following a number of conditions to avoid the misuse of such measures. The WTO contributes in protection...
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...Assignment front sheet Qualification | Unit number and title | BTEC Higher National Diploma – Business Management | Unit 1 – The Business Environment | Student name | Assessor name | Mohammed Arif | Mary EC Zafra | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 19/11/2015 | 17/12/2015 | 17/12/2015 | | | Assignment title | BE1: Assignment 2/2 The Business in an Economic, Cultural and Global Environment. (LO3 & LO4) | ------------------------------------------------- Learning Outcome | Assessment Criteria | In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: | Task no. | Evidence(Page no) | LO 3 Understand the behaviour of organisations in their market environment | 3.1 | Explain how market structures determine the pricingand output decisions of businesses | | | | 3.2 | Illustrate the way in which market forces shapeorganisational responses using a range of examples | | | | 3.3 | Judge how the business and cultural environmentsshape the behaviour of a selected organisation | | | LO4 Be able to assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities. | 4.1 | Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organisations | | | | 4.2 | Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organisations | | | | 4.3 | Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations. | | | Learner declaration | I certify that the work...
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...Journal of Economic Surveys, 2006, 11: 24-25. Green Barriers Trade and its Influences on China's Foreign Trade Thomas J. Sargent ABSTRACT In recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection. Key words：Green Barriers; products; Trade In recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection. These regulations have many unfavorable influences on the export of developing countries and are generally known as "Green Barriers to trade". In accordance with the provisions of the Agreement on Green Barriers to Trade of WTO, "Green Barriers to Trade" is defined as the compulsory and arbitrary Green regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of the importing countries in the name of the protection of human health and environment that actually form barriers to trade with an aim to protect its home market and domestic products. 1. Analysis on the causes of formation of "Green Trade Barriers" Firstly, the worsening of ecology is the major reason for "Green Barriers". With the development of industry and technology, the economy increases...
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...Case Study #1: Canada in the Global Business Environment Canada: A trading nation? You are preparing for a top-level meeting between the Minister of International Trade, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and senior business executives representing several multinational corporations as well as a large group of small- and medium-size enterprises. The objective of the meeting is to discuss Canada’s strategy in responding to the changing global business environment. Expectations are high since everyone wishes to move beyond political pronouncements and joint statements, to specific strategies and actions. The Trade Canada Summit is raising expectations and all are committed to motivating a call to action across major stakeholders engaged in international commerce. While Canadians like to refer to the country as a “trading nation”—partly because of history and partly because of the large impact of trade on the Canadian economy today, leading practitioners and senior officials recognize several truths: • Canadian trade is highly concentrated in import/export activities with the United States • Certain industry sectors such as automotive and resource-based businesses account for a disproportionately large amount of Canada’s trade • Intra-company trade—transfers of resources between affiliated companies—is an important part of Canada’s “export” business The hard reality being confronted, and one which serves as a critical backdrop for this meeting, is the realization that...
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...Manual International Business Term-II (First Year) Batch-VIII (2014-2016) Instructor: Prof.N.S.Uppal Prof. (Dr) Sudhir Naib) Director 2 Year Full Time PGDM Programme Title of the course: International Business (Elective Course) Term: II (First Year) Instructor: Prof. N.S.Uppal Instructors e-mail: nsuppal@bulmim.ac.in 1. Introduction This course gives an overview of the concept of all those business activities that involve cross border transactions of goods, services and resources between two or more nations. This is an essential component in learning and understanding international trading principles and concepts. 2. Learning Outcomes: The objective of this course is to enable students to: 1. Understand nature ,scope and structure of international business 2. Understand impact of environmental factors on international business operations 3. Learn role of international economic institutions and global and regional trade agreements 4. Know about role of foreign trade in Indian Economy. 3. Module Overview The course will be covered in 20 sessions, including Mid Term exam after 10th session and each session is of 1 hour and 30 minutes. 4. Book (Text Book): Joshi, Rakesh Mohan, International Business, Oxford...
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...Canada: A trading nation? You are preparing for a top-level meeting between the Minister of International Trade, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and senior business executives representing several multinational corporations as well as a large group of small- and medium-size enterprises. The objective of the meeting is to discuss Canada’s strategy in responding to the changing global business environment. Expectations are high since everyone wishes to move beyond political pronouncements and joint statements, to specific strategies and actions. The Trade Canada Summit is raising expectations and all are committed to motivating a call to action across major stakeholders engaged in international commerce. While Canadians like to refer to the country as a “trading nation”—partly because of history and partly because of the large impact of trade on the Canadian economy today, leading practitioners and senior officials recognize several truths: Your role Canadian trade is highly concentrated in import/export activities with the United States Certain industry sectors such as automotive and resource-based businesses account for a disproportionately large amount of Canada’s trade Intra-company trade—transfers of resources between affiliated companies—is an important part of Canada’s “export” business The hard reality being confronted, and one which serves as a critical backdrop for this meeting, is the realization that by current standards, Canada does NOT qualify...
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...Unit 39 – International Business Scenario You are employed by the local Business Development Agency and have been asked to independently research international business in relation to an international case study business of your choice. From your research you are required to put together a research report document which can be used to assist businesses who are considering trading internationally. Your work should be a result of your own independent research and contain references throughout and a bibliography. Your research should follow the guidelines set and give your own supported judgement where indicated. Learning Outcomes 1. Understand the international business environment 2. Know how cultural differences affect international business 3. Know how international business is financially supported 4. Understand the strategies used by international business Task 1 – covers P1 – Hand in date 11/4/2014 P1 – Explain the international environment in which a selected organisation operates in 1. Choose a business which operates internationally, it is suggested that you use one from the following list as they make good international case studies. You may chose an alternative that is not on the list but you must get prior agreement with your tutor. Aviva Dyson Burberry M&S JCB Barclays Britvic Tesco JLR Cadbury GSK Costa Premier Foods B&Q Ikea 2. Write a 400 word background introduction on the company and...
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