...CONCEPT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY In the era of digital economy or the so-called information age, the words information and communication technology have become a byword or a common terminology. This is particularly true among users and enthusiasts where computers and telecommunication systems are part of the provisions of the workplace. The term information and communication technology refers to a collective and generic term that covers the broad range of systems, devices, hardware, peripherals as well as variety of programs or software used in conjunction with computers and telecommunication devices in aid of doing electronic-based business transactions. In many instances, the phrase information technology (IT) is often associated with and used interchangeably or synonymously with the broader phrase information and communication technology. The truth is, that IT and ICT have different technical meanings but they have something common in context. The phrase information technology by itself connotes a narrower meaning limited in context by the use of information in association or coordination with computer technologies or hardware with link up and connectivity appeared to be set aside or given not much emphasis. Basic Functions of Information and Communication Technology Capture Function – takes the form of a task that is done by way of using devices like scanners and cameras thus allowing storage of vital data and information for future use. ...
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...Business Models for Internet Based E-Commerce B Mahadevan Introduction The meteoric growth of Internet based E-commerce at the turn of the last century is truly baffling. During the last one decade, this market space has grown in several directions. In its first generation, it saw the emergence of portals and search engines. However, in due course more and more organisations began to cater to the Business to Customer (B2C) market. In the last two years, there is significant growth in the Business to Business (B2B) segment. As several organisations began to operate in the Internet market space, they innovated unique propositions to create value in the process. These were either not found or difficult to replicate in the traditional brick and mortar operation. This course will help the students understand these unique propositions in a unified framework. The framework is collectively referred to as "Business Models". An Internet based business has several dimensions: · · · · the technology aspect primarily comprising of telecommunication, networking and other infrastructure issues the software domain that includes programming languages, web page design, customer interface and transactions management, security and privacy management, and large scale data mining the management aspect that deals with the business strategies for value creation, growth and customer development and retention the statutory and legal dimension that addresses various cyber laws dealing with security...
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...Research Paper How has the Internet helped to lessen or eliminate barriers to international e-commerce for small businesses? AMBA 600: MBA Fundamentals Executive Summary With the birth of the Internet and the trend of globalization, small businesses are now able to reach beyond their immediate neighborhoods for both a captive market base and increased access to global manufacturers. Gone are the days when customer interactions were limited to face to face and supply resources were limited to goods purchased within driving distance of your hub. The introduction of the Internet has made our world a much smaller place to conduct business. I started an online business that primarily uses suppliers based in China and India, while our client base mostly hails from the Western hemisphere. Without the internet, we would have grossly reduced access to affordable wholesale goods and would have been limited to a local customer base to survive. It has expanded our reach far greater than we could have ever imagined. It is amazing to have customers in a country that neither of our company’s founders have ever visited. Throughout this paper, I will examine how the Internet has helped small businesses compete on a global scale through its impact on customer interactions, communication and competitor research. Creating and sustaining a company is a very rewarding, but challenging experience. The statistics are daunting; U.S. Census data reports that almost 50% of all businesses...
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...Influence of Internet and E-commerce in international business Introduction: Commencing from 20th century, enormous use of Internet was witnesses in all the fields with a major impact on international business. Although the Internet and web 2.0 serve as improving trend of economy and business, there is negligible research done to advocate their impacts on international business and marketing (Urban, 2003). The present literature review essay is an attempt to address the gap of existing literature whereby necessary recommendations can be made to improve use of technology in business. For the purpose of this essay, extant literatures in the fields of international business, technology, science, marketing and e-commerce have been studied and reviewed. Research objective: To serve the purpose of the literature review, investigation of Internet and e-commerce over international business processes is performed with the primary research objective as the consequence of Internet on international business. Research questions: In order to study research objective, a set of research questions have been devised upon which a review is presented in the following essay. The research questions devised are: • Influence of Internet in international business. • Consequences of Internet on international entrepreneurship. • Impact of web 2.0 on international business processes. • Influence of e-commerce in international business Literature...
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...EUROPEAN UNION E-COMMERCE: CONSUMERS RIGHTS AND PROTECTION ON THE INTERNET PICHAYAPONG PICHAYAPONGS U 3055471 CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION 3 II THE EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE OF 20 MAY 1997 CONCERNING DISTANCE CONTRACTS 3 A The distance contract 4 B Written confirmation 5 C Cooling-off period 5 D Tax payable on goods 5 E Credit card fraud 6 F Special protection 6 G Directive 97/7/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts 7 III SECURITY AND CONFIDENCE ON THE WEB 7 A Asymmetrical cryptography 8 B Electronic payments 9 1 Europe Adopts Legislation to Expedite E-payments 9 C The labelling of websites 9 IV GOVERNMENT REGULATION 10 V CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 10 VI REFERENCE 11 I INTRODUCTION In the past decade, the boom of the internet in Europe and the emergence of e-commerce has led to a broader of the commercial offers that can be proposed to the consumers. Indeed, an expansion in internet offering come the demand for online security regarding the rights and interests of the internet users and also the development of the internet implies a certain number of adaptations to efficiently protect the consumer. In Europe, a person considered as a consumer is protected by the consumer rights.[1] As texts and laws directly dealing with e-commerce are very uncommon, on 20th May 1997 the European Parliament and the Council adopted Directive 97/7/EC regarding...
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...Evolution and Development of E-Commerce Market and E-Cash Azamat Nogoev1 Faculty of Business Management and Globalization LimkokwingUniversity of Creative Technology, Cyberjaya, Malaysia Azamat_nogoev@yahoo.co.uk Rashad Yazdanifard2 Faculty of Management,Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia rashadyazdanifard@yahoo.com Shahriar Mohseni3 Faculty of Management,Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia shahriar_mohseni@yahoo.com Behrang Samadi4 Faculty of Management,Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia behrang_samadi@yahoo.com Meera Menon5 Faculty of Design Inovation, LimkokwingUniversity of Creative Technology, Cyberjaya, Malaysia meera@limkokwing.edu.my ABSTRACT Given the impact of the Internet on all aspects of economic life, it can be regarded as a source of emergence of new electronic economy with an extremely rapid growth, creating new opportunities for Industrial and business activity, increase employment opportunities.Robust economic activity on the Internet or by using its capabilities led to the emergence of a new concept- electronic commerce. KEY WORDS Internet, electronic commerce, electronic payment systems. 1. INTRODUCTION Advances in communication technologies within the last decade of the twentieth century paved the way for innovations, promoting rapid globalization. The convergence of telecommunications and computer technology has given birth to a new business organizational system called the internet, presenting a revelation of...
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...E-commerce Name: Institution: E-commerce Question 1 E-commerce applications started early in the 70’s with technologies such as the electronic money transfer. However, better technologies have been developed such as consumer-to-business, business-to-business, collaborative commerce, business-to-consumer and consumer-to-consumer to improve e-commerce (Magal, 2012). In Business-to-Business commerce, both the buyers and sellers are considered as business organizations. Collaborative commerce or C-commerce is whereby business partners collaborate electronically. In Business-to-Consumer, the sellers, on the other hand, are the organization, but buyers are treated as individuals. In Consumer-to-Business commerce, consumers publicize products or services and suppliers provide the services to them (Magal, 2012). Finally, Consumer-to-Consumer commerce allows an individual to sell services or goods to other individuals over the internet. Question 2 Levels of the internet economy comprise of internet infrastructure layer, application infrastructure layer, intermediary marker layer, as well as internet commerce layer, (Kamis, 2011). The internet infrastructure layer comprises of companies that offer services of creating an IP based network and a prerequisite for E-commerce. The internet application layer builds upon the internet infrastructure layer and makes technology viable to carry out business proceedings online. Internet intermediary layer increases the efficiency of E-markets...
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...Define e-commerce and describe how it differs from e-business. Identify and describe the unique features of e-commerce technology and discuss their business significance. Recognize and describe Web 2.0 applications. Describe the major types of e-commerce. Discuss the origins and growth of e-commerce. Explain the evolution of e-commerce from its early years to today. Identify the factors that will define the future of e-commerce. Describe the major themes underlying the study of e-commerce. Identify the major academic disciplines contributing to e-commerce. Key Terms e-commerce, p. 12 e-business, p. 13 information asymmetry, p. 14 marketplace, p. 16 ubiquity, p. 16 marketspace, p. 16 reach, p. 16 universal standards, p.16 richness, p. 17 interactivity, p. 17 information density, p. 17 personalization, p. 18 customization, p. 18 Web 2.0, p. 19 business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, p. 22 business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce, p. 22 consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce, p. 22 social e-commerce, p. 22 mobile e-commerce (m-commerce), p. 23 local e-commerce, p. 23 Internet, p. 23 World Wide Web (the Web), p. 24 disintermediation, p. 32 friction-free commerce, p. 33 first mover, p. 33 network effect, p. 33 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Brief Chapter Outline Opening Case: Pinterest: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words 1.1 E-commerce: The Revolution Is Just Beginning The First Thirty Seconds What Is E-commerce? The Difference between E-commerce and...
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... Dimensions of e-Commerce 5 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) 5 Business-2-Government (B2G) 6 Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) 6 E-Commerce in different sectors in Bangladesh 6 Overview of Implementation of e-Commerce in Bangladesh 6 Some e-Commerce site in Bangladesh 7 Benefits of E-Commerce 7 Challenges of E-Commerce for Bangladesh 8 Constraints to E-Commerce of Bangladesh 8 Recommendations 9 Conclusion 10 Overview E-commerce is becoming popular in Bangladesh. With better access, coverage and an ever-growing internet population, the prospect for e-Commerce is bright. There are also challenges. A discussion on the pros and cons of e-commerce in Bangladesh is a timely debate. E-Commerce is more than just purchasing and offering things over the Internet like through Bikory and OLXbd. E-commerce is a wider term encompassing electronic trade of business; and information between computers of two or more organizations. The innovative objective of e-Commerce is to coordinate businesses and government agencies, with the capability to correspond with each other through any computer platform. Ecommerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems through Internet and other computer networks. The most popular medium in which e-commerce is conducted is the internet. It combines a range of process such as: * Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) * Electronic mail (E-mail) * World Wide Web (WWW) * Internet Applications ...
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...Pendahuluan Defenisi electronic commerce (also, e-commerce or EC) menurut John Wiley & Sons, adalah “process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services or information via internet or networks”). E-commerce merupakan bisnis yang menyangkut konsumen, manufaktur, layanan pelanggan, dan pedagang perantara dengan menggunakan jaringan-jaringan komputer yaitu internet. E-commerce memiliki beberapa jenis, antara lain : (i) business to business (B2B), yaitu bisnis antara perusahaan dengan perusahaan lain (ii) business to consumer (B2C), yaitu retail, sifatnya melayani pelanggan yang bervariasi (iii) consumer to consumer (C2C), yaitu sifarnya lelang (auction) (iv) government ( G2G, G2B, G2C), yaitu untuk melakukan layanan terhadap perusahaan untuk keperluan bisnis hingga melayani masyarakat Jika diklasifikasikan, sistem e-commerce terbagi menjadi tiga tipe aplikasi, yaitu: * Electronic Markets (EMs) EMs adalah sebuah sarana yang menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk melakukan/menyajikan penawaran dalam sebuah segmen pasar, sehingga pembeli dapat membandingkan berbagai macam harga yang ditawarkan. Dalam pengertian lain, EMs adalah sebuah sistem informasi antar organisasi yang menyediakan fasilitas-fasilitas bagi para penjual dan pembeli untuk bertukar informasi tentang harga dan produk yang ditawarkan. Keuntungan fasilitas EMs bagi pelanggan adalah terlihat lebih nyata dan efisien dalam hal waktu. Sedangkan bagi...
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...Running head: E-Commerce Commerce over the Internet is Relatable Safe Insert Name Insert Grade Course Insert Tutor’s Name 23 November 2010 Outline Introduction This section defines the term internet commerce and gives a brief overview of its history. Requirements for E-commerce It gives some of the major requirements involved in starting up an E-business. This includes; 1. Online store- for processing or transactions, and making purchases 2. Website- for marketing products 3. Secure interface- for preventing unauthorized people from accessing critical information Benefits of E-commerce This section gives some of the benefits and opportunities accrued to a business involved in E-commerce. They are; 1. Large number of potential customers- A large number of people rely on the internet thus they are likely to access information pertaining a particular product 2. Timeliness- transactions are facilitated quickly and customers get their products on time 3. Reduced marketing cost- requires very minimal marketing costs as compared to direct marketing 4. Reduced communication cost- communication is done online which is a bit cheaper than use of mobile phones or mails Limitation and challenges This part of the research paper gives some of the disadvantages associated with E-commerce 1. Limitation on the type of product- not all products can be sold over the internet because some...
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...ELECTRONIC-COMMERCE AND MOBILE-COMMERCE PRESENTED BY: LEONIDA CHEPKORIR SOI D53/MSA/PT/25210/2012 PRESENTED TO: Athman Fadhili Lecturer, Management Science Department Kenyatta University, Mombasa Campus. 9th OCTOBER 2013 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….……………….3 CHAPTER TWO 2.1 DEFINITION OF COMMERCE……………………………………….……………5 2.2 DEFINITION OF E-COMMERCE……………………………………….…………5 2.3 E-COMMERCE PROCESS…………………………………………….……………5 2.4 ORIGIN OF E-COMMERCE …………………………………………….…………5 2.5 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE….……………7 2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONIC-COMMERCE ……………….…………….8 2.7 FACILITIES THAT SUPPORT E-COMMERCE……………………….……………9 2.8 BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE…………………………………………….………..10 2.9 LIMITATION OF E-COMMERCE……………………………………………….…..12 CHAPTER THREE 3.1 DEFINITION OF M-COMMERCE…………………………………………………..15 3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF M-COMMERCE………………………………………….18 3.3 PARTICIPANTING ENTITIES IN M-COMMERCE VALUE CHAIN…………….18 3.4 FUNCTION OF THE MOBILE NETWORK OPERATOR IN M-COMMERCE …..18 3.5 BILLING……………………………………………………………………………….19 3.6 AREAS OF APPLICATION OF M-COMMERCE………………………………...…20 3.7 REASONS FOR HIGH ADOPTION RATE OF M-COMMERCE…………………..21 CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………….22 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………...23 2 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Internet revolution has made available variety of applications and services through the World Wide Web at reduce cost. Millions of internet users enjoy...
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...The Evolution of E-Commerce Information E-commerce evolution has allowed companies to go from storing data on paper in physical filing cabinets to digital storage of much more data on servers. Electronic storage and processing has allowed companies to increase both the volume and speed of data storage and processing. Forecasting that used to be done manually with calculators is now rapid and more extensive using spreadsheets and dedicated computer programs. Businesses store data on customer interactions and can access this data quickly. Future evolutionary trends are toward more data stored in the cloud. Internet The Internet has become a key e-commerce technology. Evolving from a military and educational network to a commercial Internet in the early 1990s, the basis of websites and e-commerce was set with the development of the browser Netscape in 1994, and the founding of Amazon and eBay in 1995. The largest companies all have an Internet presence, and many offer goods and services for sale on their websites. As the Internet continues to evolve, even small businesses that don't have their own websites will develop them. With mobile devices generating more Internet traffic, websites have become increasingly mobile-friendly, with dedicated mobile apps allowing smartphones and tablets to access information. Communication New electronic technologies have transformed communications in business. E-commerce evolved from pre-electronic paper mail, wire transmissions, and teletype...
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...INTRODUCTION E-commerce also is a short from electronic commerce. It is a process of communication transaction between the buyer and seller. It can be known as a type of business which process with electronically. Normally, most of the people will refer e-commerce as via from internet to selling product, but it also can be covers purchasing mechanisms via internet which is business to business and business to consumers. Electronic commerce is related to business transaction of goods and services conducted between 2 or more parties electronically mainly through open internet based system, for instant the parties can exchange information through internet rather than physical exchange. This type of communication through e-commerce can be known as email, internet, intranet, extranet and so on. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. For example, bought or sold anything on e-bay, purchased a book on Amazon, or made any other transaction online you have participated in e commerce. Electronic commerce that takes place between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants such as private electronic market. Electronic commerce that takes place between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic...
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... Submission Date: 13th April 2014 Course: E-Commerce Class Timings: Sunday 4:15 – 7:15 Student ID#: 2011-3-07-12484 Course Instructor: Mr. Faisal Dehdi A STUDY OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ACCEPTANCE OF E – COMMERCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUMMARY: E-Commerce which facilitates transaction of goods & services via computer networks such as internet has become a powerful tool of socio-economic development & therefore is a significant issue for developing countries. Many developing countries have made Information & Communications Technology (ICT) as part of their development plans to ensure deployment & utilization of ICTs in their country for the benefit of enterprises & citizens. This research paper aims to study: - * E-Commerce across national borders to find out relationships among certain factors & attitude about e-commerce. * Issues & areas necessary to the implementation of e – commerce that may be influenced by National culture. * Impact of culture, previous web purchased experience & age of developing countries on e-commerce. The two nations (Iran & UAE), gender & previous experience are the independent variables whereas attitudes about different aspects of technology use are taken as the dependent variable. From the literature review, we conclude that E-Commerce has a potential to add value in developing countries by offering advantages such as globalization of commerce, elimination of time & space limits, easy...
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