...Mass Media Mass media are means of communication that are used to reach the general public for the purpose of creating audiences for information, artistic expression, and other kinds of messages. Although the word mass suggests large numbers of people, the term is subjective, with standards of measurement relative to the normal capabilities of a given medium. For example, 1 million books sold nationally is more impressive than a national television audience of 1 million viewers. The word media is also commonly used as an aggregate noun to refer to the entire industry, often because of a perceived homogeneity or sameness of point of view. Because the ability to reach large segments of the public is of great value in commerce, politics, and a society's culture, the mass media are usually controlled by corporations (as in the United States) or by national governments (as in China). The mass-media industry employs professionals to conceive, produce, promote, and deliver communication products that are specifically designed to meet the goal of attracting large audiences. These products may be sold as objects (such as books or digital videodiscs [DVDs]), exhibited for the price of a ticket or subscription (such as movies shown in cinemas or on premium or pay-for-view cable TV channels), or offered at no cash cost to consumers so as to create an audience for paid advertising (such as commercial television or radio broadcasts). Some of the mass media use combinations of these funding...
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...Celebrity Culture Has Taken Over Our Lives with Reality Television, YouTube and Social Media Michael Van Gaasbeck Excelsior College Celebrity Culture Has Taken Over Our Lives with Reality Television, YouTube and Social Media The top news of the day no longer involves wars, government issues or natural disasters. More often then not when you sign onto the internet, your home page is filled with celebrity gossip or the latest viral video of someone’s pet doing something funny. Whether you like it or not the celebrity culture has consumed our lives. We buy things because someone famous told us to, we watch something because the hottest stars are in it, and we cant wait to hear about the latest celebrity separation or legal battle. Does that make us bad people? Of course not. The news of today is much different then in times past. News channels rely on viewers to keep them in business and they battle to be the first one with the breaking story. News today is instant, we no longer read about yesterdays events when we grab the newspaper off the driveway. Millions and millions of dollars are spent to figure out what we want to hear about and news channels must continue to feed our need in order to survive. Scientists say that humans are hardwired to be fascinated with celebrity, and familiar faces create pleasurable chemical stimuli in our brains. The news companies realize this and celebrity journalism has taken over. A study from Halls Reports showed that from...
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...Over the last 500 years, the influence of mass media has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. First there were books, then newspapers, magazines, photography, sound recordings, films, radio, television, the so-called New Media of the Internet, and now social media. Today, just about everyone depends on information and communication to keep their lives moving through daily activities like work, education, health care, leisure activities, entertainment, travelling, personal relationships, and the other stuff with which we are involved. It's not unusual to wake up, check the cell phone for messages and notifications, look at the TV or newspaper for news, commute to work, read emails, take meetings and makes phone calls, eat meals with friends and family, and make decisions based on the information that we gather from those mass media and interpersonal media sources. So what? We need to be aware that the values we hold, the beliefs we harbour and the decisions we make are based on our assumptions, our experiences, our education and what we know for a fact. We rely on mass media for the current news and facts about what is important and what we should be aware of. We trust the media as an authority for news, information, education and entertainment. Considering that powerful influence, then, we should know how it really works. How media Influence us The degree of influence depends on the availability and pervasiveness of media. All...
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...DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Emotional Intelligence Implications for All United States Air Force Leaders Lt Col Sharon M. Latour, USAF Lt Gen Bradley C. Hosmer, USAF, Retired |Editorial Abstract: Emotional intelligence and its five domains of empathy, handling relationships, self-awareness, managing | |emotions, and motivating oneself constitute a set of learned, interpersonal abilities that allow leaders to become highly | |effective. The authors outline the characteristics of emotional intelligence and offer practical ways for readers to integrate its| |techniques into their leadership style. | |Knowing others and knowing oneself, in one hundred battles no danger. Not knowing the other and knowing oneself, one victory for | |one loss. Not knowing the other and not knowing oneself, in every battle certain defeat. | |- Sun Tzu, The Art of War | This article explores the emerging field of emotional intelligence (EI). It discusses what it is, why it matters in general terms, how individuals can improve their EI, and what impact it has on the effectiveness of US Air Force leaders. Specifically, EI is powerful because it overrides logic in the brain due to the way...
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...learned about his military service in his long career of fifty years and two world wars: "Your mission is to win our wars. You have been trained to fight. Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute for victory, that if you lose, the nation will be destroyed. " That desire to fulfill the mission against all adversities that may arise is what is called "warrior ethic" and is what differentiates the military profession from any other. If this were not enough reason for a military leader at best, be added that his subordinates deserve nothing less. This reference manual United States Army was created in order that staff can prepare for this great responsibility. The ideas presented in the book are the result of two centuries of experience and wisdom, guided by continuous learning through practice and the need to respond to an ever-changing and challenging. Leadership is not about rank or stars on the uniform, but of responsibility and mission accomplishment. Therefore, the principles outlined in the Reference Manual U.S. Army Leadership (The U.S. Army Leadership Field Manual) provide a framework which can support the leaders of any rank and any organization. It is a framework that is based on timeless values and reflects the principle of BE, KNOW, DO that has accompanied the U.S. military over time, in good times and bad times, in peace and in war. While the leadership...
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...Counties vary from one to another based on many factors. This is the reason why subject like International Business were introduce. While doing business in one country along with knowing their culture it is also very important to know about their leadership pattern. It will help to manage their human resource well. If we go for a cross cultural analysis about the four given countries (Japan, United States of America, India and United Kingdom we will find varity and similarity in case of leadership issues along with other factors. Japan “Business leadership is at the core of Asian economic development”, says HBS professor D. Quinn Mills. The rapid economic development of Asia in recent decades is one of the most important events in history. Compared to western countries Asian countries always lag behind in case of resources, except one. And that was human resource. Japan realized that and converted it into their competitive advantage. In case of industrialization Japan stands in one row with many other developed countries in the world. How they reach this position to know that we have take a look in the inside of their organization. Japan has contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America This makes Japanese are a very collectivist society, where the culture is to respect, working together and being a good member the group he or she belongs. This is the reason why they tend to follow participative leadership approach. The participative...
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...Living Values Education Living Values Activities for Children Ages 8–14 Diane Tillman With Activities from Educators Around the World This file has been made available to educators and parents as a courtesy of Health Communication, Inc. and the Association of Living Values Education International. This file contains the Peace Unit of Living Values Activities for Children Ages 8–14. The full book in English with 12 values units is available through HCI and amazon.com. (Published in 10 languages. See page 8 for a list of which languages.) Values posters are available for free download on the www.livingvalues.net website. Please note that the Setting the Context and Introduction sections are updated. These updated chapters will be in the new edition of the book, when HCI reprints. This edition made available on the international Living Values Education website. (May 2012) C O N T E N T S Setting the Context 3 The Need for Values Education 3 The Living Values Education Approach 4 LVE Resource Materials 8 Purpose and Aims 9 The Living Values Series 9 For Children and Youth At-Risk 11 History of Living Values Education 12 Acknowledgement 13 Results 16 Introduction – Exploring and Developing Values 21 Teaching Values 21 The Developing Values Schematic...
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...Copyright © 2005 Stuart Fischoff. All rights reserved. 1 Media Psychology: A Personal Essay in Definition and Purview by Stuart Fischoff, Ph.D. Introduction The subject matter of media psychology is a mother lode of material that psychology has actively mined for decades, but only within the last ten to fifteen years has the enterprise emerged as a distinct and explicit subdivision of psychology. Media psychology found its inspirational roots more than 90 years ago within the discipline of social psychology and in the early work of social psychologist Hugo Münsterberg concerning the psychology and the psychological impact of film. Published in 1916 under the title, The Photoplay: A Psychological Study, it was the first empirical study of an audience reacting to a film. Münsterberg also provided such a keen analysis of a screenplay's (then called a photoplay) grammar of visual construction and nascent cinematic conventions and their psychological impact on the audience, that his incisive words still echo today in numerous film school lecture halls and classroom seminars. And there was psychologist L.L. Thurstone, arguably the Father of Attitude Scale Construction and Measurement (a signature area of theory and research in social psychology), who developed scales for the measurement of attitudes toward movies for the famous and notoriously politicized Payne Fund Research in 1928. This study’s practically avowed purpose was to indict (not investigate) the medium of film...
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...As Generations Evolve, So Does Our Media In today’s day in age we are constantly flooded with information and news that is being almost shoved at us from all different angles. From radio, newspapers, television, magazines and the Internet we are always engaged in some sort of media. As technology has progressed we have also been able to access news and information anywhere in the world. With our tablets, laptops, and smartphones media is at the tips of our fingers and always available for us, which is much different then how it used to be. From the censorship of the media to the constant use of new media, the differences from the media in America’s history and today’s are vast. Every generation has to adjust to the media type that is current for their time, however with the constant progression of technology we are affected by the content of the media as well and the delivery system. Conferring with someone from an older generation helps fully understand how the media has changed and the different perspectives about it. My mother, Ellen Ferretti, was born on July 15, 1956 and grew up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, right across river from New York City. Even though she was born in the 50’s she still has a reference of information about the media during her childhood and teen years. Growing up she recalled always having newspapers, magazines, and the radio as a source of media. Her parents read the newspaper as a source of information and current events, locally...
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...Table of Contents Self Reflection – I 2 Measuring Your Desire for Performance Feedback 2 Action Plan 3 • Analysis 3 • Detail Behavior 3 • Resources 4 Summary 4 Self Reflection – II 5 What is your primary conflict-handling intention? 5 Action Plan 6 • Analysis 6 • Detail Behavior 6 • Resources 7 Summary 7 Self Reflection – III 8 Assessing Participation in Group Decision Making 8 Action Plan 9 • Analysis 9 • Detail Behavior 10 • Resources 10 Summary 10 References 11 Self Reflection – I Measuring Your Desire for Performance Feedback According to, the hands-on exercise (Kinicki, 2012, p201), I personally desire high degree of feedback. During this exercise I felt that I am a person who needs time to time motivation and recognition on very significant milestone achieved to gain self-confidence. The positive feedback that I used to receive from my superiors or next level managers always helped me to perform better. Our management used to believe that improving individual performance through goal-setting and providing timely feedback through recognition was an effective way to perform operations. At times, my manager used to provide instructional feedback when I used to handle new task in a project. Feedback depends on an individual perspective. Relating to the exercise...
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...reassess broad stereotypes and globalization strategies in this continent. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of fundamental values and interpersonal relations between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans, and also their impact on the intercultural activities. It outlines differences and synergies amongst African and Chinese cultures. The study aims to introduce some important recommendations and factors, which may have an essential impact on Chinese companies operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides in addition empirical insights of a set of values that may influence Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans’ behaviours. New suggestions related to cross-cultural activities are reported to implement adequate human resource management policies within these companies. The paper includes implications for the development of new cross-cultural strategies and restructuration of the human resource policies. Keywords: Cross-cultural Values; Identity; Cross-Cultural Management; Group Affiliations; Intercultural Communication; Beliefs Introduction According to many studies, cross-cultural issues are among the most central and most persistent factors that influence international business activities. Operating internationally, companies usually face a lot of cross-cultural challenges such as understanding differences in communication patterns and styles,...
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...Power and Politics In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence the behavior of people. The term authority is often used for power perceived as legitimate by the social structure. Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as endemic to humans as social beings. In the corporate environment, power is often expressed as upward or downward. With downward power, a company's superior influences subordinates. When a company exerts upward power, it is the subordinates who influence the decisions of the leader (Greiner & Schein, 1988). The use of power need not involve coercion (force or the threat of force). At one extreme, it more closely resembles what everyday English-speakers call influence, although some authors make a distinction between power and influence – the means by which power is used (Handy, C. 1993 Understanding Organisations). Much of the recent sociological debate on power revolves around the issue of the enabling nature of power. A comprehensive account of power can be found in Steven Lukes Power: A Radical View where he discusses the three dimensions of power. Thus, power can be seen as various forms of constraint on human action, but also as that which makes action possible, although in a limited scope. Much of this debate is related to the works of the French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926–1984), who, following the Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527), sees power as "a complex...
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...was expected to be more dominant as many European Nations were discussing implementation of opening transatlantic market with USA where landing rights would be determined by free market forces, rather than regulation. The countries signed bilateral agreements between countries that enabled the airlines of those countries to provide landing and takeoff facilities for air carriers of those countries. Privatization and deregulation made the airlines take a strategic positioning in the industry. They now had increased global reach and less regulation, so they could give more services in fewer prices.. Many carriers had to improve their services to keep up with the market. Profit margins were getting lower as the airlines were engaged in fare wars trying to give the best possible service in cheaper price. As global...
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...AN OVERVIEW OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN MALAYSIA Mohd Sarif Ibrahim and Mazni Abdullah Department of Financial Accounting & Auditing Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia sarif51@um.edu.my, mazni@um.edu.my ABSTRACT Forensic accounting may not be a new field in accounting. However it becomes so important recently and has been an interest to various stakeholders, from the government, investors, and practitioners to regulatory bodies. Corporate failures like the often cited Enron and WorldCom cases have placed forensic accounting into the limelight. The objective of this study is to present the views of practitioners regarding forensic accounting and its current development in Malaysia. For the purpose of this study, practitioners from the big and medium accounting firms and regulatory bodies in Malaysia were interviewed regarding the subject matter and unstructured interviews were used in the study. Keyword: Forensic Accounting, Auditing and Investigation. INTRODUCTION Corporate financial scandals like the often cited Enron and WorldCom cases of the last few years is a wake-up call to the accounting profession and has rejuvenated the interest in forensic accounting. Increasing government regulations and pressures from other stakeholders has made businesses acutely aware of the consequences of employees’ misdeeds and inadequate internal controls. Companies are now beginning to be more determined than ever to ensure...
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...The Leadership Quarterly 14 (2003) 769 – 806 Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis Stephen J. Zaccaro*, Zachary N.J. Horn Department of Psychology, Center for Behavioral and Cognitive Study, George Mason University, David J. King Hall, 4400 University Drive, 3064 Fairfax, VA 22030-444, USA Accepted 12 September 2003 Abstract Leadership theory has not lived up to its promise of helping practitioners resolve the challenges and problematics that occur in organizational leadership. Many current theories and models are not contextualized, nor do the dynamic and critical issues facing leaders drive their construction. Alternatively, practitioners too often approach leadership problems using trial and error tactics derived more from anecdotes and popular fads than validated scientific data and models. Yet, while this gap between theory and research has bedeviled the leadership community for much of its history, there have been few if any systematic examinations of its causes. In this review, we have sought to highlight the particular barriers on the leadership practice and theory-building/testing constituencies, respectively, that constrain efforts to integrate them. We also offer a number of propositions and guidelines that we hope can break through these barriers and help stakeholders create a more effective leadership theory and practice symbiosis (LTPS). Finally, we have offered two cases of effective LTPS as examples and models for such integrative...
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