...Energy is defined as the capacity to work or the force that helps us to do things with vitality and intensity (Reese, Brandt, and Howie). Having positive energy enables us to make the necessary decisions as far as how we are going to handle unforeseen situations as they present themselves, as well as providing us the “juice” we need in order to perform daunting tasks on a daily basis. Energy can be either positive or negative in terms of how we deal with interpersonal relationships. Positive energy can be achieved through support received from family or colleagues. Negative energy on the other hand can be destructive and divisive which can create havoc in the work place. The authors stated that “it is positive energy that helps us cope with disappointments, uncertainty, and work that is physically and mentally demanding (Reese, Brandt, and Howie). Creating a positive work environment is essential to the success of any business. As the age of adage states “if your employees are happy then your clients will be happy.” Our need for positive reinforcement is critical in how we perform in our daily lives. Few of us have outrageous ego’s to be able to maintain high self-esteem without receiving encouragement or positive feedback from our friends, family, or peers. Without positive experiences in our lives, many people suffer from a deficit of energy. It was interesting to read that in recent years, there have been some researchers who have actually quantified the cost of...
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...CHAPTER I I. COMMUNICATION 1.1. DEFINITION Communication is one of the oldest social processes. It has accompanied man since the time when human being started to live in groups and organize first structures. The term 'communication' has Latin roots and comes from the word communicatio which means connection, exchange, conversation[1]. In human relationships the communication is a transmition of some information and ability to receive and understand the message. The process of communication consists of several levels. The first, the lowest, exists between two people, higher there are group and intergroup communication, the next levels are institutional and public and finally mass communication is the widest of all. [pic] Diagram 1.1. Communication groups Source: www.studentnews.pl 1.2. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION Human communication never is direct. In practice it means that before we get an idea from our head to interlocutor, several intermediate steps must be taken. There are a few elements of communication process: source, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver and feedback.[2] -source- the first step in communication begins with the source. The source or simply the sender is usually a person who has some thought, feeling, intention or idea to share with another person. -encoding- is an act of formulating the message during...
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...of Interpersonal Relations Jennifer Holzer Chamberlain College of Nursing Nursing 501 Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice Spring 2014 Nursing theory is important because it is the foundation and structure for the profession of nursing. There are many different types of theories and they all serve a specific purpose. Theories are important and valuable because they allow the nurse to understand and comprehend their role as a nursing professional. Theories also play a part in helping the nurse deal with patients and other disciplines in nursing and most important the role of a nurse in this profession. Theories explain and help to grasp the understanding of the distinctive relationship between the nurse and other individuals such as the patient and other health care professionals. Nursing is definitely an art and the various nursing theories assist with the practice of nursing. Hildegard Peplau had an excellent insight into how humans interact. She was able to observe and identify how dynamic and unique the nurse patient relationship is. Peplau knew that nursing was more than a task oriented profession. She was able to describe and define how practicing nursing is an art of healing. She acknowledged the human aspect of nursing rather than the concentration of the clinical components such as lab results or diagnoses. Peplau’s theory defines and explains the different phases of the interpersonal process...
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...especially at the post-master’s level. Faculty must educate these students to provide increasingly complex care while socializing them as PMH advanced practitioners. PURPOSE. To present how one online program is addressing these issues by reasserting the centrality of the relationship and by assuring it has at least equal footing with the application of a burgeoning knowledge base of neurobiology of mental illness. SOURCES. Published literature from nursing and psychology. CONCLUSIONS. The PMH graduate faculty believes that they have developed strategies to meet this challenge and to help build a PMH workforce that will maintain the centrality of the relationship in PMH practice. Search terms: Nurse–patient relations, psychiatric nursing, empathy, therapeutic relationship, education, nursing, graduate Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Vol. 42, No. 4, November, 2006 Suzanne Perraud, RN, PhD, is Associate Professor/ Associate Chair, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Kathleen R. Delaney, RN, DNSc, is Associate Professor, Rush University College of Nursing, and Clinical Nurse Coordinator, Children’s Inpatient Unit, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL. Mary...
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...Development 5 Stages of Group Development 1. Forming Stage: In the Forming stage, personal relations are characterized by dependence. Group members rely on safe, patterned behavior and look to the trainer for guidance and direction. Individual learners have a desire for acceptance by the group and a need to know that the group is safe. They set about gathering impressions and data about the similarities and differences among people in the group, and forming preferences. 2. Storming Stage: This stage is characterized by competition and conflict in personal relations. As the group members attempt to work together on the task, conflict inevitably results - healthy debate or slight disagreement. Individuals may need to adapt their feelings, ideas, attitudes, and beliefs to suit the group. 3. Norming Stage: In the norming stage, interpersonal relations are characterized by cohesion. Learners are engaged in active acknowledgment of others' contributions, community building and maintenance, and solving of group issues. Individuals will be willing to change their preconceived ideas or opinions on the basis of facts presented by others, and they actively ask questions of one another. 4. Performing Stage: The performing stage is not always reached by all groups, however if learners are able to get through this stage their capacity, range, and depth of personal relations expand to true interdependence. In this stage, learners can work independently, in subgroups,...
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...M3- Assess your communication and interpersonal skills in relation to each interaction. As part of my M3 I will write a report to review and assess my communication and interpersonal skills during each interaction within my P5 and P6. I will discuss factors such as tone of voice and non-verbal communication. I will also highlight my strengths such as my ability to make a service user feel at ease and my weaknesses such as miscommunication due to misunderstandings. During my time at Magherafelt Day Centre I was interacting one to one with the service users and staff as well as group interaction with the service users. When I was down at the main floor I would interact a lot with a man who had severe special needs. I found interacting with this man especially, very challenging as his speech was very difficult to understand and therefore was a barrier within our communication creating misunderstandings. I felt very hesitant at the beginning to interact with this man but felt as the weeks progressed I learnt how to communicate effectively. When communicating with him I used mostly verbal communication and ensured my tone of voice was raised a little in volume. As well as that I would speak slowly and create pauses so that he had a moment to comprehend what I was saying and feel free to ask questions.’ It is essential when communicating with someone with a learning disability to give them time to take in what is being said, and to communicate more slowly than you may normally...
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...Positive Psychology Areas of Focus in Relation to Interpersonal and Prosocial Behavior Carmen Amaya Park University 1. Abstract The concepts of Positive Psychology are explored through an intrapersonal, interpersonal, and pro-social lens using empirical research as the basis. The paper examines the history, intentions and scope of positive psychology in relationship to personal experiences and character traits that lead to personal effectiveness. The specific Areas of Focus examine the major principles of Positive Psychology and their importance with regards to; changes in emotional states, cognitive processes and experiences in juxtaposition with current research. The concepts and principles are then applied to current goals, plans and future application in respect to the workplace, environment and culture. Finally, the challenges, obstacles and unanswered questions are discussed in current applications of Positive Psychology. Keywords: Positive Psychology, resiliency, hope, theories, emotion, cognition 2. Positive Psychology Areas of Focus in Relation to Interpersonal and Pro-social Behavior Major Principles and Concepts The primary underlying assumption of positive psychology is that psychology should focus on encouraging people’s strengths rather than fixing their weaknesses (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) assert that as a new psychological paradigm, positive psychology rejects the disease...
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...different schools. He taught at Harvard, UCLA in the 1950’s, Tufts University, University of California, Berkley, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He wrote the following Theory’s; FIRO: which deals with Inclusion, Control, and Affection. These dynamics were used to assess group dynamics. FIRO-B, deals with a measurement instrument with scales. FIRO-Element B, deals with Affection and Openness Scales. FIRO-Element F, comes from Feelings. FIRO-Element S:”) “ "Underlying the behavior of openness is the feeling of being likable or unlikeable, lovable or unlovable. I find you likable if I like myself in your presence, if you create an atmosphere within which I like myself.” He wrote the following books: FIRO: A Three-Dimensional Theory of Interpersonal Behavior. New York, NY: Rinehart (1958) Joy. Expanding Human Awareness (1967) Here comes Everybody Harper & Row (1971) Elements of Encounter (1973) Body Fantasy (1976) Leaders of Schools (1977) Profound Simplicity. New York, NY: Bantam (1979) The Truth Option. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press (1984) Joy: Twenty Years Later. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press (1989) "Beyond FIRO-B—Three New Theory Derived Measures—Element B: Behavior, Element F: Feelings, Element S: Self." Psychological Reports, June, 70, 915-937 (1992) The Human Element: Productivity, Self-Esteem and the Bottom Line. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass (1994) He had influences while he worked on his books: Alexander Lowen, Ida Pauline, and Moshe Feldenkrais. His energy...
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...INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR* * Condensed and adapted from W. C. Schutz: “Interpersonal Underworld”, Harvard Business Review, July-August, 1958. In order to deal with interpersonal behavior it is necessary to have an understanding of the general principles of interpersonal behavior, since formulas for handling specific situations are of limited value at best. The following theory is by no means the only one extent in psychological literature, but it is offered as a possible framework for understanding interpersonal problems. INTERPERSONAL NEEDS The basis for evolving this theory of interpersonal behavior is the individual’s fundamental interpersonal relations orientation or, to abbreviate, FIRO. The basic assumption of this approach is that people need people. Every human being, because he lives in a society, must establish an equilibrium between himself and his human environment just as he must establish an equilibrium between himself and the physical world. This social nature of man gives rise to certain interpersonal needs, which he must satisfy to some degree while avoiding threat to himself. Although each individual has different intensities of needs and different mechanisms for handling them, people have the same basic needs. People have three basic interpersonal needs in common: The Need for Inclusion This is the need to maintain a satisfactory relation between the self and other people with respect to interaction or belonging-ness. Some people like...
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...12/12/2014 Learning outcomes Lesson 1 Developing self awareness At the end of this session, you will be able to: • identify yourself by finding your – Personality – Values – Learning style – Attitudes towards change – Interpersonal orientation. Amali Wijekoon Dept. of MOT Amali Wijekoon 2 What is your personality? Who are you? • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® instrument (MBTI) – Favorite world: Do you prefer to focus on the outer world or on your own inner world? This is called Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I) – Information: Do you prefer to focus on the basic information you take in or do you prefer to interpret and add meaning? This is called Sensing (S) or Intuition (N) – Decisions: When making decisions, do you prefer to first look at logic and consistency or first look at the people and special circumstances? This is called Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) – Structure: In dealing with the outside world, do you prefer to get things decided or do you prefer to stay open to new information and options? This is called Judging (J) or Perceiving (P) 3 Amali Wijekoon 4 Amali Wijekoon • Is death penalty right or wrong? Amali Wijekoon 5 Amali Wijekoon 6 1 12/12/2014 What are your values? • Individual ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable • Are values fluid and flexible? • Terminal vs. instrumental values – Terminal values: desirable end states. Goals a person would like to achieve during his / her lifetime – Instrumental values: preferable...
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...AC571_relational_database_005-019 Male Page 1 of 5 AC571_relational_database_005 Welcome to this refresher on relational database concepts. Understanding relational database concepts is a key to mastering a key theme, REA modeling. As we progress through this refresher, please pay close attention to the objectives being covered as you see on the screen. The objectives are as follows: problems inherent in the flat file approach to data management that gave rise to the relational database concept, relationships among the defining elements of the relational database environment, stages in database design, entity identification, data modeling, constructing the physical database, and preparing user views, features of distributive databases and issues to consider in deciding on a particular database configuration. These objectives will serve as the foundation for understanding relational database concepts and REA modeling. AC571_relational_database_006 Before we can get into the heart of relational database concepts one must understand the differences between two common database environments, flat file and relational databases. As you know, computer systems process data. This processing involves two key components, data and instructions, or programs. This occurs no matter what database environment you have. In order to process the data you need an interface. Conceptually there are two methods for designing the interface between program instructions and data. File oriented processing...
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...Riordan Business-to-Business Web Site Use Case Scenarios Analysis In deciding which way to take Riordan Manufacturing’s business-to-business web site use case studies were performed and the top two scenarios were chosen for further analysis. Both scenarios present a way for Riordan to improve raw material ordering through different means. In order to decide which path to take the two scenarios will be discussed in greater detail including a brief synopsis on the technological role involving systems analysis and design, database design, programming, networking, and the web. Use Case 1 As described before, in use case scenario 1, a Riordan employee would log into a business-to-business web site and place an order with one of our partnered vendors as Figure 1 depicts. The employee logs into the secure website, chooses a vendor from a list, selects from the common list of products purchased from the vendor, chooses a quantity and enters a required by date, the vendor receives notification of an order, verifies credit status or requests credit card information, fills the order, generates an invoice, and ships the order to our warehouse. Use Case 2 In use case scenario 2, as shown in Figure 2, the approach to replenishing key inventory levels resides with the vendor. Triggers in the database alert the vendor via email that the level is at its threshold and then the supplier logs into the secure business-to-business web site, issues an order to ship replenishment supplies...
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...Database Management System Submitted by: NAMES Date Submitted 2. Table of Contents 3. Document Scope - Describes the goal of this document in a narrative. - Introduction 4. System Overview - Provide a brief overview of the system. 5. Business Rules - Brief, precise, and unambiguous description of policy, procedure, or principle of the Company or Organization. 6. Relational Diagram - Representation of the Relational database’s entities, the attributes within those entities and the relationships between those entities. Example 7. Crow’s Foot ER Diagram - A graph/ diagram that represents the conceptual database as viewed by the end user. Example 8. ERM Components - Summarizes the ERM’s components and names the entities and their relations. Example. . 9. Data Dictionary - Provides detailed accounting of all tables found within the user/designer-created database - Contains (at least) all the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system - Contains metadata—data about data Example 10. Database Design Decisions - Discuss the decisions that were made when designing the database for the Application, including problems, alternative solutions, and design assumptions that had to be made. - Divide this section...
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...1. a) What is a database? A database is an organized collection of related data. b) How does an RDBMS store data? An RDBMS stores related data in tables. 2. What is one benefit of dividing data into tables? Dividing data into tables eliminates unnecessary data duplication, or data redundancy. 3. a) What is a database schema? A database schema is a description of the data and the organization of the data into tables in a relational database. b) Explain the considerations for dividing data into related groups. Considerations for dividing data into related groups includes grouping information so that there is little or no data redundancy. However, each table must have data related to at least one other table, which will require data duplication. This is not considered data redundancy. A table with no relationship to any another table does not belong in the database. 4. a) What is a field? A column in a table. Used to store data. b) Explain why a field that stores more than one piece of data is considered poor design. A field that stores more than one piece of data limits the sorting and searching capabilities of the database. 5. List four guidelines to follow when choosing field names. 1. Make field names unique. 2. Choose the shortest possible...
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...ranow, E. B. “Developing Good Data Definitions.” Database Programming & Design 2 (8) (1989): 36–39. Booch, G. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. 2d ed. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 1994. Bruce, T. A. Designing Quality Databases with IDEF1X Information Models. New York: Dorset House, 1992. Chen, P. P-S. “The Entity-Relationship Model—Toward a Unified View of Data.” ACM Transactions on Database Systems 1 (March 1976): 9–36. Codd, E. F. “A Relational Model of Data for Large Relational Databases.” Communications of the ACM 13 (6) (1970): 77–87. Dutka, A. F., and H. H. Hanson. Fundamentals of Data Normalization. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1989. Finkelstein, R. “Breaking the Rules Has a Price.” Database Programming & Design 1 (June 1988): 11–14. Fleming, C. C., and B. von Halle. “An Overview of Logical Data Modeling.” Data Resource Management 1 (1) (1990): 5–15. Fowler, M. UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Object Modeling Language. 2d ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000. Gibson, M., C. Hughes, and W. Remington. “Tracking the Trade-Offs with Inverted Lists.” Database Programming & Design 2 (January 1989): 28–34. Gottesdiener, E. “Turning Rules into Requirements.” Application Development Trends 6 (7) (1999): 37–50. Hay, D. Data Model Patterns: Conventions of Thought. New York: Dorset House, 1996. Hoffer, J. A., V. Ramesh, and H. Topi. Modern Database Management. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011. Inmon, W. H...
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