...INTERPRETING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Financial ratios can be defined as indicators of the performance of a company in a given period or comparing two or more periods and also comparing the performance of the company with competitors to evaluate the overall financial situation of both companies. For this review we will compare two periods of Walmart Inc., and one period of Target to revise the financial performance of those two companies, the ratios are: Current ratio Walmart Target 2014 2013 2013 Current Assets 61,185,000 59,940,000 16,388,000 Current Liabilities 69,345,000 71,818,000 14,031,000 0.88 0.83 1.17 We can see that Walmart have current ratio below one meaning that all existing current assets will not be sufficient to pay off the current debt. Target have a better ratio than Walmart it means they have 1.17 of current assets of every dollars to pay off their current liabilities. Quick ratio Walmart Target Current assets-inventory 16,327,000 16,137,000 8,485,000 Current liabilities 69,345,000 71,818,000 14,031,000 0.24 0.22 0.60 This ratio shows that Walmart have only 0.24 to pay every dollar of current debt, it means it does not include the inventory to pay off the current liabilities. In this case the ratio is better than Walmart even though is not at least equals to 1 it is in better shape than Walmart having 0.60 compares to 0.22 in the year 2013. Inventory Turnover Walmart Target Cost of goods...
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...Module 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Financial Statements QUESTIONS Q4-1. Return on investment measures profitability in relation to the amount of investment that has been made in the business. A company can always increase dollar profit by increasing the amount of investment (assuming it is a profitable investment). So, dollar profits are not necessarily a meaningful way to look at financial performance. Using return on investment in our analysis, whether as investors or business managers, requires us to focus not only on the income statement, but also on the balance sheet. Q4-2.B ROE is the sum of an operating return (RNOA) and a nonoperating return (the effective use of financial leverage – specifically, leverage multiplied by the spread). Increasing leverage increases ROE as long as the spread is positive. Financial leverage is also related to risk: the risk of potential bankruptcy and the risk of increased variability of profits. Companies must, therefore, balance the positive effects of financial leverage against their potential negative consequences. It is for this reason that we do not witness companies entirely financed with debt. Q4-3. Gross profit margins can decline because 1) the industry has become more competitive, and/or the firm’s products have lost their competitive advantage so that the company has had to reduce prices or is selling fewer units or 2) product costs have increased, or 3) the sales mix has changed from higher margin/slowly turning...
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...on health related circumstances of physical labour. other systems used include the CAD computer aided design which assist engineers in the design aspect of manufacturing. MPM (management process manufacturing) is popular at Daimler, is gathers the methods and technologies used in the manufacturing thus assisting the management accounting department with reducing work in progress. _ EXPLAIN WHAT IS MEANT BY STRATEGIC POSITIONING AND IDENTIFY THE STRATEGIES USED BY THE COMPANY TO ACHIEVE ITS POSITION the modern management strategies used include the merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler an equal competitor in 1998 the merger of the two corporations resulted the corp ranking to be the with in the world of automobile internationally. financial the merger was not pleasing with the profit remaining constant and the...
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...ACCOUNTING IN CONTEXT POTTER I LIBBY I LIBBY I SHORT ACCOUNTING IN CONTEXT BRADLEY N. POTTER University of Melbourne ROBERT LIBBY Cornell University PATRICIA A. LIBBY Ithaca college DANIEL G. SHORT Texas Christian University Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto Copyright © 2009 McGraw Hill Australia Pty Limited Additional owners of copyright are acknowledged in page credits. Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyrighted material. The authors and publishers tender their apologies should any infringement have occurred. Reproduction and communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the institution (or the body that administers it) has sent a Statutory Educational notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) and been granted a licence. For details of statutory educational and other copyright licences contact: Copyright Agency Limited, Level 15, 233 Castlereagh Street, Sydney NSW 2000. Telephone: (02) 9394 7600. Website: www.copyright.com.au Reproduction and communication for other purposes Apart from any fair dealing for the...
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...University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management Spring 2014 ACCT 2050 - Introduction to Financial Accounting Professor Yu Gao CSOM 3-283 Tel: 612-624-1075 Email: gaoxx112@umn.edu Class: Section 003: Tuesday, Thursday: 11:50 am-01:30 pm, CSOM L-114 Section 006: Tuesday, Thursday: 03:45 pm-05:25 pm, CSOM L-110 Office Hour: Tuesday, Thursday: 3:00 pm – 3:40 pm, CSOM 3-283 or by appointment COURSE DESCRIPTION The course provides an introduction to the financial accounting and reporting process from the perspective of external decision makers. The course focuses on fundamental accounting concepts and principles. Students will learn how the economic transactions of an enterprise are reported in the financial statements and related disclosures. The goals of the course are to provide students with a basic set of skills that can be used to compile and analyze financial statements and to prepare students for more advanced financial statement analysis courses. COURSE MATERIALS |Text Book |Financial Accounting 7th edition; Robert Libby, Patricia Libby and Robert Short; McGraw-Hill Irwin;| |(Required) |2010. | | |Connect Access Code | I do not recommend old editions of this book, but you make the final decision. You are required...
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...organizations need to take different decisions for their business activities. * Financial information is needed for decision making purpose. * Book keeping and Accounting will provide such information. * Meaning of Financial Accounting * Process of identifying, measuring, classifying, recording, summarizing and interpretation of the transactions of a business in terms of money to ascertain the result and financial position of business activities of particular period. * Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing, in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are in the part at least, of a financial character and interpreting the results there of.- AICPA * Its features are- * Financial language * Financial information * Systematic process * Functions * Information system * The Purposes of Financial Accounting The objectives of accounting are- * To maintain records- * To generate accurate and authentic information, all the financial activities needs to be remembered which will not be possible without keeping records. As accounting helps to memorize all the transactions with records, it is the objective of accounting. * To ascertain operating results- * Accounting ascertains whether the business has earned a profit or suffered a loss by preparing profit and loss statements,...
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...The Purposes and Components of Balance Sheet and Income Statement. An income statement of an organization shows its revenues and expenses during a particular period. It indicates how revenues are converted into net income. It shows revenues documented for a precise period, and the cost, taxes as well as the expenses that were charged (Helfert, 2001). The purpose of the income statement is to tell managers and investors if an organization made profit or not during the period that is being reported. Income statement represents a period of time whiles balance sheet shows the same information but at a single moment in time (Gapenski, 2012). Challenges that Might be Encountered in Interpreting Financial Statements There are certain problems and issues that might be encountered in analyzing financial statements which demand care and Verdict. The basic problem in financial statement is that there is no theory which tells us which numbers we need to look at and how to interpret them. In the absence of a fundamental theory, financial statement analysis appears to be informal and subjective. Again many organizations, particularly the big ones, have set-ups spanning a varied range of industries. This makes it very difficult in trying to find suitable standards for evaluating financial performance. In solving this issues organizations have to put in place an underlying theory and standards (Rao, 2008). This will prevent errors and confusion that arises after reading such documents. Key...
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...Running head: AUDITING Auditing Joey Willoughby OMM622 Financial Decision Making Instructor: Wayne Hollman August 11, 2014 Auditing This inquiry will exemplify what the staff should anticipate auditors to do should auditors come into a division as part of an organizational – wide audit prior to issuing an audit opinion for the organization’s financial report. What precisely can an auditor ascertain from the examination of an organization’s financial report, and what can the audit provide? According to Merriam-Webster, 2014 an audit is a stylized scrutinization and verification of an organization’s or individual’s financial reports or financial position. This procedure is deemed crucial for the verification of the exactness of an organization’s financial reports. Based on information provided by Epstein, 2014 the audit process incorporates three instrumental gradations, interpreting the extent of the audit, executing fieldwork, and finally writing the audit report. In interpreting the extent of the audit, the auditor essentially has an encounter with top management and an internal council of the board of directors. The audit may embody a consummate inspection of the organization’s...
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...Although the FASB Disclosure Framework provides various advantages, there may be other relevant challenges placed on the financial reporting preparers. As stated in proposed ASUs on Topics 235 and 740, reporting entities need not disclose immaterial item. This adjustment to omit immaterial disclosure may result in a lower entity’s total reporting cost and it is beneficial to the public to see those relevant data. Additional costs, however, may also incur during the information materiality assessment process. That is, a reporting entity should consider and examine both qualitative and quantitative information when deciding information materiality (FASB 2015 and FASB 2016). Therefore, this assessment cost is unavoidable when identifying whether...
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...ACCOUNTING: Accounting is famously known as the "language of business". Through the financial statements, the end-product reports in accounting, it delivers information to different users. Accounting is a means through which information about a business entity is communicated. Accounting Definition: Technical definitions of accounting have been published by different accounting bodies. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) defines accounting as: "the art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least of financial character, and interpreting the results thereof." To further understand what accounting is, we must take a look at the different definitions. Accounting as a Science: Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgment and decisions by users of information. Accounting as an Art: Accounting is the art of recording (journalizing), classifying (posting to the ledger), summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part, at least of a financial character, and interpreting the results thereof to interested users. Accounting as an Information System: Accounting is a service activity, which functions to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is intended to be useful in making economic...
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...except: A. identifying economic transactions that are relevant to the business. B. communicating financial information to users by preparing financial reports. C. recording nonquantifiable economic events. D. analyzing and interpreting financial reports. 2. Which of the following would not be considered an external user of accounting data for the XYZ Company? A. Banks B. Management C. Creditors D. Customers 3. A basic assumption of accounting that requires activities of an entity be kept separate from the activities of its owner is referred to as the A. stand alone concept. B. monetary unit assumption. C. corporate form of ownership. D. economic entity assumption. 4. The private board in Malaysia that currently has the authority to establish generally accepted accounting principles is the: A. Malaysian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (MICPA). B. Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB). C. Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). D. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA). 5. The two most common specialized fields of accounting in practice are: A. financial accounting and environmental accounting B. managerial accounting and accounting systems C. managerial accounting and financial accounting D. financial accounting and tax accounting 6. A type of business that is managed by owner(s) and has an unlimited...
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... | | |School of Business | | |ACC/230 (11/05/2012 – 01/20/2013) | | |Financial Reporting: Peeking Under the Financial Hood | Copyright © 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description In this course, students will learn to analyze financial statements and methods used to value companies. Financial reports help managers choose between business paths. They also help investors and analysts evaluate the financial health of companies. This course is a practical means of discovering how financial data are generated and their limitations; techniques for analyzing the flow of business funds; and methods for selecting and interpreting financial ratios. It also presents analytical tools for predicting and testing assumptions about a firm’s performance. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials...
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...Financial Statements Paper Fantasia Friend ACC/280 April 27, 2011 University Of Phoenix Accounting is the technique through which a person creates a report of business dealings and makes records regarding the fiscal infrastructure of the organization. Three key activities of accounting, determining, documenting, and communicating economic activities, assist bestow the health of this company to external and internal people. The main goal is to determine and document activities which have a fiscal effect on the organization and to assist control, compute danger, and take decisions. All activities are categorized in fiscal words, as per the financial assumption, and placed to a particular account in the journals, and then the ledger. Such is the procedure of bookkeeping. The data created from bookkeeping may then be utilized to produce correct and timely financial statements. The two key divisions of accounting incorporate managerial accounting as well as financial accounting. Managerial accounting assists people deal with finances. It gives inner records to assist people take decisions and predict wants regarding their organization. Financial accounting helps the outer people since it gives economic and financial details for them about whether or not the organization complies with rules, laws, and regulations. To know a company, a person has to understand the figures. The four fiscal reports let a close look at the figures an organization produces. The 4 fiscal...
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...drastically impacts the position of an accountant. The information required by a company to make decision to make sure it is moving forward is provided by accounting. Both managerial and financial accounting plays a big role by working along to ensure the growth of the organization is in the right path. However, both managerial and financial accounting has its own purpose of improving an organization or a business. “Earlier financial accounting experiments typically sought to determine whether specific accounting policy choices would affect investors’ decisions.” (Pg778-experimental research) (122words) Role of Financial Accounting Every organization or business should be able to know their monetary progress or else they would never be able to evaluate if the business is profitable or the other way around. “The purpose of financial accounting is to provide users of financial statements with information that is useful for efficient decision making.”(accounting for intangible-pg102).It prepares the answers to financial accountants whom are always asked by investors on how the organization or business is growing. Financial accounting reports the financial activities on the balance sheet and income of the company and cash flow statement. It is one of the limbs in accountancy to prepare financial statements for external decision makers who are implicated in the investment of the business...
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...ACCOUNTING (STATEMENT ANALYSIS) 222/525 PRACTICE TEST SOLUTIONS SECTION A SECTION B Multi-Choice Questions True/False Questions | 1. |E | | |1. |T | | 2. |E | | |2. |F | | 3. |E | | |3. |T | | 4. |C | | |4. |T | | 5. |E | | |5. |T | | 6. |D | | |6. |F | | 7. |C | | |7. |F | | 8. |D | | |8. |T | | 9. |B | | |9. |T | | 10. |C | | |10. |T | | 11. |E | | |11...
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