...The Negative Effects of Police Deception in Interrogation Andrew Maynard CJUS 420-B02 Mr. Jeffery Fox July 1, 2013 The Negative Effects of Police Deception in Interrogation Police interrogation today is defined as; Interrogation is police questioning a suspect in order to find answers about a crime that has been committed. The suspect that is being questioned by police is entitled to know his or her rights. The evidence in the trial will be in admissible if the interrogator of the suspect does not inform the suspect of his or her rights ("Interrogation law and," 2001). In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that the police have to read to the suspect detained the rights they are given under the Constitution U.S. Legal (2001). These rights protect the individual from falling into the trap of deceptive interrogation. Many people do not understand that if they just kept quiet and wait for a lawyer, their so-called innocence can be saved. Deceptive interrogation by law is acceptable, with the reading of the Miranda rights, and the police will use this tool as much as they can as long as it doesn’t exceed the boundaries they are placed under. Deceptive interrogation is unnecessary for law enforcement to exercise in order to convict the accused. Today’s methods of interrogation are more mental then physical as mentioned before. There are several tools police can use as a means of deceiving a suspect in order to obtain a confession or information. One common strategy...
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...1) PSYCHOLOGY OF INTERROGATION Interrogation- questioning a suspect or witness by law enforcement authorities. Once a person being questioned is arrested, he/she is entitled to be informed of his/her legal rights, and in no case may the interrogation violate rules of due process. * Interrogation may be considered as accusatory, which differentiates it from interviewing. * Context of interrogation is always coercive. Although police powers may be small, psychological powers are very great * Some interrogation tactics use physical coercion, as evidenced in US with Afghanistan non-combatants e.g. water boarding. * Generally, interrogation tactics are based on psychological techniques or deceptive tactics. These techniques are designed to play on the emotions of the suspect- in the case of water boarding the fear of drowning. 1.1 The Reid Technique * Most extensively used and promoted ‘interrogation system’ * Developed by the FBI * Works on the principle of escape- * Make the interrogation as uncomfortable as possible * Suspects extricate themselves by confessing Strategy includes * Make context anxiety inducing * Use interrogation tactics to induce anxiety * Help suspects confess 1.2 The Physical Environment Of The Interrogation Characteristics which induce dependence and submission to authority, anxiety, anger and/or fear. * Isolation in cell, in an interview room (no distractions) * Inability to make choices- tea, coffee, going...
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...Interviews and Interrogations Policy Paper Name SEC/360 Date Instructor In the security and law enforcement industry, interviews and interrogations are a way that officers can gathers facts and information about a situation, incident, or case. For security and law enforcement officers interviews and interrogations play a key role in building and solving cases. This paper will discuss the comparison and contrast between security interviews and security interrogations, the legal issues associated with security interviews and interrogations, and finally a security organization policy on conducting security interviews and interrogations. Interviewing and interrogating suspects are two important but separate vital aspects of collecting information about criminal activity. The difference between an interview and an interrogation is that security professionals conduct interviews, and law enforcement officers can conduct both. When a security officer conducts an interview, the main purpose is to collect information from individuals who may have witnessed a crime. At first, the facts are not known and the individual is not accused of a crime, and the setting is meant to be comfortable and have an open dialogue. With interrogations the goal is to obtain reliable information to provide to the prosecutor and to the judge or jury so they have an accurate account of the crime. The setting of an interrogation is formal and in a controlled environment conducted, only...
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...The current debate regarding torture being used as an interrogation measure stands whether or not forms of torture are being masked as “enhanced” interrogation techniques to extract information from suspected terrorists. The argument in Essay 161 is that waterboarding and other severe interrogation methods constitute as torture, and are not effective. Therefore, we should find alternative solutions to extract information. The argument in Essay 172 is that severe interrogation methods are necessary to save the lives of hundreds or thousands of innocent lives. Therefore, we should reject the arguments made by those against severe interrogation methods. In this paper, I will evaluate each of these arguments and furthermore say which argument is stronger with evidence. Enhanced interrogation methods refers to the U.S government’s program of systematic torture of detainees by the Central Intelligence Agency (and others) authorized by the George W. Bush administration.3 Waterboarding is a form of torture in which water is poured over a cloth covering the face and breathing passages of an immobilized suspect, causing the individual to experience the sensation of drowning. Waterboarding can cause extreme pain, dry drowning, damage to lungs, brain damage from oxygen deprivation, and other physical injuries including broken bones due to struggling against restraints, lasting psychological damage, and death.3 Whether waterboarding should be classified as a method of torture or not since...
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...Enhanced Interrogation Enhanced Interrogation, also known as torture, has been around all around the world in many instances. The most notable use of enhanced interrogation was after the terrorist attack on 9/11. The U.S. uses locations known as black sites outside of the country for their enhanced interrogation. The question on whether enhanced interrogation or torture should be allowed arises when these methods work or when they fail. Although enhanced interrogation works sometimes, we, as a country, should not use it because it is a violation of Article 5 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights. The failures of enhanced interrogation outweigh the successes of it heavily. Considering this fact, CIA members water boarded Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, suspected mastermind of the 9/11 attacks, 183 times. With that being said, the odds of enhanced interrogation being successful are not any that should be notable to accept. The amount of times that enhanced interrogation has failed compared to the amount of times it has succeeded implies it is not in favor to be continued using. Even in the first torture scene of the movie Zero Dark Thirty, the torture done on the terrorist does not work except after countless times he endured the suffering. An example of enhanced interrogation failing in reality is in Chomsky’s article when he notes that under the Bush administration “when [the detainees] kept coming up empty, they were told by Cheney's and Rumsfeld's people to push harder.” The CIA...
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...“He better bring his own bucket.” This is how former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Director Mike Hayden responded to then-Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump publicly pledging to use torture against terrorism suspects, including the infamous tactic of waterboarding. Hayden is a strong advocate for the CIA’s post-9/11 program of “enhanced interrogation techniques,” a variety of torture tactics, including waterboarding. However, since the CIA officers and contractors employed these techniques, executive order and law now ban their use. Does Hayden’s remark signify a long-term change in CIA attitude towards coercive interrogation techniques, or is it indicative of another lull before parts of the Agency revive the practice?...
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...Are Enhanced Interrogation Techniques Effective and Should the United States Government Use Them? James A. Bradley II Having grown up in the age of the internet, I have seen the news stories and videos of 9/11. It has made me wonder several questions such as “Why pick America, of all places, to attack?” or “What did we do to retaliate?” To this day we still aren’t sure of the actual reasoning behind it, but we still have theories. As for retaliation, the government sought out those who did this to our country. I first became interested in this topic this past semester for political science. In groups of two, we had to write a paper based on a topic that we could select. Before doing extensive research into the topic, more questions were forming in my mind. I wanted to know what our government did to seek out justice against those who participated in 9/11. Even though my partner and I collectively had to choose a side, I wasn’t quite sure what side I choosing. Then the research continued. I researched deeper in to the subject. With what little research I had done, I started into the paper. Enhanced interrogation techniques are what the conservatives call it. Liberals call it torture. The more important question is this: Does it work? Liberals say no, while the conservatives say yes. In the eyes of a conservative it might read something like this: We believe that enhanced interrogation techniques work and provide results faster than sting operations that could take years...
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...“The interrogation is critical to any criminal investigation. A suspect might lie or tell the truth, they may be innocent or guilty. Interrogation is a high stakes game. Too much pressure and an innocent person might confess to a crime they didn’t commit.” National Geographic’s “Nothing but the Truth” This is a concept held by many to be the ultimate goal of interrogation. But, from research, deception is a common technique used by interrogators against the accused. In the Oxford Dictionary deceive is defined as deliberately causing someone to believe something that is not true, especially for personal gain. It is said to bring out the truth by using a lie, but is it really ethical? There are three types of false confessions: Voluntary false confessions are made without external pressure. Compliant false confessions happen when a suspect confesses to the crime just to get out of the interrogative situation. Internalised false confessions occur when the accused starts believing that they have committed the crime. In a criminal case documented by National Geographic’s, in 1988 a 12 year old girl was killed and police believed her 14 year old brother had killed her. The detective told him if he did not confess he would be tried as an adult and if he confessed he would get help. This was a lie. The detectives in a 10 hour interrogation finally led to him confessing to the crime. Luckily, DNA later revealed that he was innocent. There is a misconception amongst arrogant...
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...Abstract In this assignment you will see information from my own personal moral code to confidentiality of the Internet. Basing a moral code is very important and you will learn more and more to help you understand what a moral code does for you. You should always follow some kind of ideals and this will help shed some light on the subject along with how it relates to a work environment. We will also discuss some important ethical issues impacting organizations today like confidentiality and environment, health, and safety policy. To wrap it up there will be some cases discussing the seven ethical approaches. Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………2 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………............3 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..4 Part I. My Professional Code of Ethics…………………………………………………………5 My Code of Ethics My Touchstones My Approach to Avoiding Faulty Thinking My Personal Approach to Four Major Ethical Dilemmas My Policy as a Supervisor or Manager Part II. Two Primary Ethical Issues Impacting Organizations………………………………….8 Environment, Health and Safety Policy Confidentiality Part III. Case Analysis………………………………………………………………………....10 Quality Management: Signing Off on a Substandard Product AutoZone Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………...14 Introduction Everyone’s moral code is different because of their upbringing and life experiences. Your own moral code is very important because you need to have a personal code...
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...1b) Discuss the problems of conducting research into the detection of lies (15) When conducting research into detecting lies, researchers could potentially face many problems. These could be ethical or practical. The study by Mann attempted to find out about the police’s ability to detect liars. They studied this as we cannot know for sure if the police are good at identifying liars as the public are not allowed to observe recordings of interviews as a suspect is always innocent until proven guilty. The aim of this research was to test police officers ability to distinguish truth and lies during interviews with suspects. Her research was made up of 99 police officers from Kent. This alone is a practical problem as it means the sample is geographically limited to only one area and means the sample can only be representative of this area or other police forces. Perhaps the MET or the FBI have different methods of detecting lies and are either better or worse than much larger forces. A problem in conducting research with this sample was that there wasn’t a control group of non-police officers to test the hypothesis of this study; therefore it was not proved that police officers were better at detecting lies. This research was a field experiment meaning that the ethical guidelines may be challenged as Mann would have had to have gained the full permission of the participants before conducting the study. In this study, Police officers were shown 54 video clips of 14 suspects of...
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...From this 10 minute video of two detectives interrogating Larry for 7 hours displayed three tactics known to elicit a confession from suspects. One of the most popular interrogation method used mostly in the United States is The Reid Technique (Schwartz, 2015, p. 35). The Reid Technique approach relies on a nine-step approach, with the main goal of this approach is to obtain a confession during interrogation (Schwartz, 2015, p. 35). Additionally to this approach, the interrogators has time on their side as a factor of getting the confession they want to hear. This is due to the influence of being fatigue has on a suspect due to a lengthy interrogation, wearing a suspect down to confessing a crime they didn’t do, whether they were tricked into...
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...ask you to come in for questioning. You want to help them do their job and find the perpetrator. You have no idea that the real reason they asked you to come in is because you are their main suspect. They believe you did it. They think that you have taken your own daughters life and have sexually abused her, your little princess…impossible! Billy Wayne Cope is a religious man and has spent numerous hours in church activities with his twelve year old daughter Amanda. On November 29, 2001 Amanda was found on her bed raped and strangled to death. Billy Wayne Cope became police detectives’ main suspect. He initially thought he was helping catch the person that has done this horrific thing to his little girl, but an hour into the interrogation he soon realized that detectives thought they had already found their man… him. Cope was interrogated for seventeen long excruciating hours in which, over time, the psychological toll that Cope had to endure caused him to break down. Images of his daughter were thrust upon him, her cold and half clothed body lifeless on the bed. Threat...
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...Deception by the Investigating Officer NAME AJS/532 August 5, 2013 Margery Melvin Deception by the Investigating Officer There are three sides to every story: the suspect’s version, the police’s version, and somewhere in the middle lies the truth. Humans by nature will instinctively do anything to ensure the security of his or her survival. Regardless if an individual is guilty or not the possibility of meeting consequences for his or her actions will almost always sway the individual to deny said actions to prevent the consequences from happening. Law enforcement personnel walk a fine line with regard to the use of deception, to find the truth. This paper will analyze the code of ethics in comparison to law enforcement procedure, and the role of nonverbal communication play with regard to detecting deception. The Ethics of Deception Ethical and moral behaviors are characteristics that individuals have but not all individuals have the same degree of moral ground. Everyone has the right to free choice and free-thinking, which are the foundation of the pursuit of happiness, life, and liberty. Within the context of free choice, humans have the choice of telling the truth or lying. Truth is usually only given freely when the foreseen benefit exists; otherwise most individuals will resort to a lie. By nature, humans do not want to experience pain, harm, or anything that may restrict individual freedoms. For individuals who violate laws, social norms, or otherwise...
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...Instrumental-coerced confessions mean that long hours of intense interrogations without any break can lead a suspect to confess to a crime they did not commit. Even if a suspect knows they are innocent they end up confessing due to mental and emotional exhaustion caused by intense interrogation. This is evident in the case of the Central Park Jogger case where five suspects were exonerated years after they had falsely confessed to raping and beating a woman who was jogging through Central Park. Four of the five defendants had videotaped their confessions sharing gruesome details of the crime. Nevertheless, no physical or DNA evidence convicted them of the crime. Years later the perpetrator Matias Reyes, a convicted serial rapist, and murderer,...
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...1. The success of an interview or interrogation depends on a number of personal characteristics and commitments of the investigator. Planning for and controlling the events surrounding both interviews and interrogations are important but are generally viewed as more critical to the success of an interrogation. The success of the interviewer or interrogator and of the interview or interrogation is often determined by the time and dedication committed to preparing for the conversation. The interviewer must become familiar with the facts of the case under investigation and with the victim. The interrogator must learn as much as possible about the offense, the victim(s) and the suspect through the process of collecting, assessing, and analyzing data and theorizing about the motivations and thought processes of the suspect. These are some reasons that planning for an interview or interrogation are important and in many ways similar. In planning for an interview or interrogation, one must determine what questions will be asked to ensure they are good questions that will lead the interviewer or interrogator to the conclusions they are trying to reach. There are some instances where only moderate planning or preparation is necessary for an interview while extensive planning and preparation is needed to conduct an interrogation. The most common type of interview is an on-the-scene interview where extensive planning is not always a possibility. An examples of this is on-the-scene...
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