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Introduction to Philosophy

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Introduction to Philosophy
Φιλοσοφια
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY: Epistemology, Metaphysics, Logic, Ethics

* Epistemology - Studies how human beings acquire knowledge
Proponents:
John Locke: we came into this world naked both physically and intellectually
Empiricism – All knowledge comes from experience which is made possible through sense perceptions
Example: I have an idea of an apple because I see an apple
Immanuel Kant: proposed that categories in the mind exists; contradicts empiricism and believes in innate ideas
Example: ideas pertaining to mathematics e.g. The idea of “1” exist in the mind; all else outside of the mind are merely manifestations of “1” in the mind. * Metaphysics - Attempts to study the whole of reality by identifying the fundamental properties of being: Essence and Existence * Essence is that something which endures and allows us to recognize a being as it is * Existence is the fundamental property of being which all of us share.

* Logic - The science of correct reasoning
Example:
* “Practice makes perfect, but no one is perfect. Why practice?” * “A ruler is 12 inches long. Queen Elizabeth is a ruler. Therefore, Queen Elizabeth is 12 inches long.” * Ethics - The science of the morality of the human conduct and of the good life. * Concerned with what is good and what is evil * However, these qualities (good & evil) do not apply to all beings. It only applies to rational beings

Northwest Samar State University
College of Management and Information Technology

Rueda St., Calbayog City

Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 3
Subject: Ethics (Humanities 5)
Instructor: Mr. Gene Paul A. Pueblos
Information Sheet 2
Fallacies - are basically arguments (statements) containing premise(s)- evidence and a claim - conclusion. However, these arguments

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