...Cost Accounting : An Introduction MODULE - 6B Elementary Cost Accounting 27 COST ACCOUNTING : AN INTRODUCTION After passing your senior secondary examination, if you set up a small manufacturing unit, say manufacturing of packing boxes, a problem will arise what price of each box you should quote to the buyer. Many factors are considered while fixing the price of a product/item such as competitors’ price etc. One of the basic factors is the cost of its production. Cost is essential not only to fix price but also to ascertain the margin of profit. Knowledge of the cost determination is also necessary to keep a check on the cost of product/control on wastages, etc. The accounting used to study the various aspects of cost is known as cost accounting. In this lesson, you will learn about meaning, importance, limitations etc. of cost accounting. Notes OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: state the meaning and scope of cost accounting; explain the objectives of cost accounting; differentiate between cost accounting and financial accounting; state importance of cost accounting; explain limitations of cost accounting. 27.1 MEANING AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING Cost accounting is the process of determining and accumulating the cost of product or activity. It is a process of accounting for the incurrence and the control of cost. It also covers classification, analysis, and interpretation of cost. In other words, it is a system of accounting, which provides...
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...- 6B Elementary Cost Accounting Notes 95 Cost Accounting : An Introduction ACCOUNTANCY After passing your senior secondary examination, if you set up a small manufacturing unit, say manufacturing of packing boxes, a problem will arise what price of each box you should quote to the buyer. Many factors are considered while fixing the price of a product/item such as competitors’ price etc. One of the basic factors is the cost of its production. Cost is essential not only to fix price but also to ascertain the margin of profit. Knowledge of the cost determination is also necessary to keep a check on the cost of product/control on wastages, etc. The accounting used to study the various aspects of cost is known as cost accounting. In this lesson, you will learn about meaning, importance, limitations etc. of cost accounting. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: state the meaning and scope of cost accounting; explain the objectives of cost accounting; differentiate between cost accounting and financial accounting; state importance of cost accounting; explain limitations of cost accounting. 27.1 MEANING AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING Cost accounting is the process of determining and accumulating the cost of product or activity. It is a process of accounting for the incurrence and the control of cost. It also covers classification, analysis, and interpretation of cost. In other words, it is a system of accounting, which provides the ...
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...Bachelor of Business (Accounting) Course Structure (commencing 2013) Course Requirements Students must complete a total of 24 units (144 credit points) to complete the Bachelor of Business (Accounting). A minimum of 16 units (72 credit points) must be taken at Monash University, Caulfield Campus. Students can complete a maximum of 10 units (60 credit points) at first-year-level. Students must complete a minimum of 6 units (36 credit points) at third-year-level, of which 4 must be from the Bachelor of Business degree family, Caulfield Campus. In addition to specific unit prerequisites, second-year level units require the successful completion of three first-year level units and thirdyear level units require the successful completion of two second-year level units. For students commencing with credit: A minimum of 8 units (48 credit points) must be taken at Monash University, Caulfield campus. A minimum of 12 units (72 credit points) must be taken at Monash University. Common Core Units Students MUST complete all 6 compulsory common core units: AFF1000 BTF1010 ECF1100 ETX1100 MGF1010 MKF1120 Principles of accounting and finance Commercial law Microeconomics Business statistics Introduction to management Marketing theory and practice Accounting Major Units Students MUST complete all 6 compulsory major units: AFF1000 Principles of accounting and finance (also completed in the common core) AFF1121 Introduction to financial accounting (Prerequisite: AFF1000)...
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...THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON ACCOUNTING SYSTEM A CASE STUDY OF FIRST CITY MONUMENT BANK PLC MAKURDI ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of information technology on accounting system. The researcher has done this research using primary and secondary sources of data thereby adopting the questionnaire method and personal interview as a data collection technique. The statistical tool adopted in testing hypothesis was analyzed using chi-square. The major findings of this research revealed that, the positive impact of information technology outweighs the negative impact and both banks and customers benefit from it. Fraud is a major problem associated with information technology as it is on the increase by the day. The research recommended that, Government should improve the electricity supply in the country; they should support local IT firms by providing loans, and lowering tariffs with a view to encouraging them in carrying out their activities. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Tittle page - - - - - - - - i Approval page - - - - - - - - ii Declaration - - - - - - - - iii Acknowledgement - - - - - - - iv Dedication - - - - - - - - v Abstract - - - - - - - - vi Table of contents - - - - - - - vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study - - - - - 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem. - - - - 2 1.3 Objectives of the study. - - -...
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...contingency framework for MAS sophistication Case studies on the scope of accounting instruments in Dutch power and gas companies By Sandra Tillema Title The title suggests that the article will give guidance towards a contingency framework for MAS sophistication. The Contingency framework states that there is no one right way to manage an organisation, so the part “towards integrated [...] framework” with the word “contingency” seems like a paradox. We feel that we might not have chosen this article if we were looking at the title only because it seemingly contradicts itself. The group agreed that the title is quite long. We have analysed it by defining the main words of which we used the Macmillan Dictionary (2002) (See appendix B). After understanding the words and theory explanation, the title became quite easy to understand. Abstract and Introduction We feel that the abstract provides concise and simple information. It is a good explanation and expansion of the title. We have chosen this article because it can be easily understood. The abstract states that many companies are being convinced to implement newly developed management accounting systems and also comments on its inappropriateness. The author states the reason for this is due to the contingency theory perspective. She also highlights that this article is based on the cases of two power and gas companies. The introduction is interesting and very informative. It lays out very clearly what the...
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... ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com Assignment 1: Financial Statement / Audit Report Review Due Week 4 and worth 240 points Select one (1) local government in your state or area and review the financial statements and audit report for the county or municipality. The financial statements of the government you selected should have at least three (3) funds. Refer to the continuing problem homework for Weeks 1 through 3 for this assignment. Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you: 1.Compare and contrast the comprehensive annual financial report (CAFR) of the selected local government entity with the city of Austin report from Week 1 homework. In your comparison, include: a.Publication method of the CAFR b.Audit and budget information in the CAFR c.The type of audit report issued d.Existence or non-existence of an internal audit function within the government entity 2.Prepare the analysis for the selected local government entity, including information on the introduction, financial section, and statistical section prepared in the city of Austin’s CAFR from chapter 2. 3.Analyze the methods used by the selected local government entity in comparing the budget-to-actual reports. Your analysis should include an evaluation of the basis of accounting used for the budget and financial statements. 4.Analyze the sources of revenue on the selected local government. Your analysis should include information on both governmental...
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...Departmental Requirement 24 Credits Minor 15 Credits Total variable requirement for Graduation 124-125 Credits Foundation Courses Communication Skills ENG 101 ENG 102 ENG 105* ENG 106 ENG 202 Listening and Speaking Skills English Reading Skills Business English Advanced English Skills Introduction to English Literature 40-41 Credits 9 3 3 3 3 3 * Prerequisite ENG 101 & 102 Note: students not exempted from ENG 101 and ENG 102 will have to take ENG 101, ENG 102 and ENG 105. Note: students exempted from ENG 101 and ENG 102 will have to take ENG 105, ENG 106, ENG 202 Computer Skills CIS 101* CSC 101** Fundamentals of Computer System Introduction to Computer Science 3 3 3 * For students without basic knowledge of computer **For students with basic knowledge of computer & mandatory for students with Major in subjects offered from the SECS Numeracy MAT 100* MAT 210* Basic University Mathematics 1 Basic University Mathematics 2 6 3 3 3 *MAT 100 and MAT 210 mandatory for SLAS majors(English, Media & Communication, Anthropology) other than Sociology MAT 101* MAT 211* MAT 102* MAT 212* Intermediate University Mathematics II Probability and Statistics Introduction to Linear Algebra & Calculus Probability & Statistics for Sc. & Engr. 3 3 3 3 **MAT 101and MAT 211 mandatory for Business/SESM/Sociology majors $MAT 102 and $MAT 212 is mandatory for students with major in Engineering and Computer Science Natural 7-8 Sciences CHE 101* Chemistry 3 CHE 101L* PHY...
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...Business Folio First Phase - Business Information Introduction Phase (Team Assignment) DUE DATE: in Week 5 (10 marks) LOCATION: both online electronic submission through the Blackboard and hard copy submission to SIM are required INTRODUCTION OF BUSINESS FOLIO The Business Folio consists of two related phases. This scaffolding exercise aims to reach the learning outcome that you will be able to record financial information through both manual accounting information systems and computerised accounting information systems, and compare and consolidate your knowledge within both systems. You will be given structured instructions to set up a business, create your own Chart of Accounts, and prepare a set of transations within a general journal. This forms the Business Information Introduction Phase. Based on the feedback from your tutors from this phase and supporting materials, demonstrations, instructions on computerised accounting system, you will then process the information that you created in the Introduction phase, through a computerised accounting system. Capability in this application is achieved through the development of generic capabilities. Therefore, the best preparation for this folio is to study the lecture materials and the readings from the text as well as consider real life examples of businesses. Each phase of your Business Folio must be accompanied by an Assignment Cover Sheet. Each phase of Business Folio must be submitted electronically through...
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...The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession ACC/340 The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Advancements in technology have allowed companies, small and large, to keep accurate financial records and eliminate paper entries. Technology has also allowed individuals in the accounting field the ability to interpret the financial information efficiently and effectively. With the introduction of the internet, a company now has the option to expand their business beyond a specific geographic area, and seek new opportunities for expansion around the globe. The introductions of new software programs, which can be designed to meet the specific needs of an industry, assist with the internal operations and profitability. While this new form of conducting business has been beneficial for an organization, it creates new challenges for the accounting field. Technology and Changes in Accounting Over the years technology has continued to provide valuable tools not only to a business, but to individuals who manage the financial aspect of the company. The introduction of the Microsoft Excel program allowed accountants to utilize an electronic spread sheet, eliminating pencil and paper entries as well as minimizing errors. As time advanced software programs such as Quick Books, Microsoft Money, and industry specific programs emerged. For smaller companies it allowed the business owner to have all financial information related to their company at their...
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...The impact of ICT on accounting practice in Nigeria CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of the study In the recent past centuries, before the inception of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the accountants of an organization were using a socially acceptable behavioural method of reporting accounting and economic reports, carried out during accounting year ends, the preparation of accounting records, book such as the profit and loss account, the balance sheet, cash book, cash flow statement, income and expenditure accounts. The application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), on accounting practice in Nigeria has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all business enterprise and indeed a prerequisite for local and international competitiveness. It is obvious that the way accountants plan and take decision on what and how to provide their service in the accounting profession has been affected immensely by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This has continued to change the manner in which accounting practice and their corporate relationships are organized worldwide and the variety of innovative device available to improve and facilitate the speed and quality service delivery. It is obvious that the biggest impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been made on accounting; and it is the ability of companies to develop and use computerized system to...
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...ACCT 3211 Intermediate Accounting I California State University, East Bay Spring 2014 Instructor: Pei-Hui Hsu | Office Hours: MW 4:00-5:30 pm | E-mail: pei-hui.hsu@csueastbay.edu | And/or by appointment | Office: VBT-333 | Class time: MW 2:00 to 3:50 pm (AE-277) | Prerequisites: Completion of ACCT 2251 or equivalent with a grade of no lower than “C-“ | Course Overview and Learnings Objectives This is the first course of the three sequential courses on intermediate financial accounting (ACCT 3211, ACCT 3212, and ACCT 3213). The main objective of this course is to develop an in-depth understanding of basic financial statements and external financial reporting for a for-profit entity. Key accounting issues about income measurement and various assets will also be touched. Note in this course while major discussion of lecture focuses on U.S. GAAP, selected distinguished differences in International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) will be also briefly covered. In this quarter, we will first build the foundation by introducing the environment and theoretical structure of financial reporting. We will then go over the accounting process and preparation of balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows. The focus in the second half of the quarter is to illustrate the concepts of income measurement and the issues related to accounting and reporting for several assets, including cash, receivables, and inventories. Upon successful completion of these...
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...The impact of ICT on accounting practice in Nigeria CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of the study In the recent past centuries, before the inception of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the accountants of an organization were using a socially acceptable behavioural method of reporting accounting and economic reports, carried out during accounting year ends, the preparation of accounting records, book such as the profit and loss account, the balance sheet, cash book, cash flow statement, income and expenditure accounts. The application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), on accounting practice in Nigeria has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all business enterprise and indeed a prerequisite for local and international competitiveness. It is obvious that the way accountants plan and take decision on what and how to provide their service in the accounting profession has been affected immensely by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This has continued to change the manner in which accounting practice and their corporate relationships are organized worldwide and the variety of innovative device available to improve and facilitate the speed and quality service delivery. It is obvious that the biggest impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been made on accounting; and it is the ability of companies to develop and use computerized system to...
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...Introduction It is not easy to fully describe these words (finance and accounting) as both have very wide meanings and applications in the business world. Most business has an aim to make profit and to remain solvent and the above two concepts play an important role in achieving this objective. This paper aims to answer the above questions and further goes on to say why both should and are considered a vital part of business and their importance in the whole business set up. Literature Review Accounting has been defined as the soul of the business (Collin P, 2004). Accounting is described as the means by which information is communicated in a firm, and is thus known as the language of business. Accounting is described as a vital function in preventing fraud and corporate corruptions in organisations (Glautier, M.W.E. and B. Underdown, Accounting theory and practice). Accounting is important as it provides information to external parties (stakeholders) by providing a true picture on the business financial position. Finance is described as an administrative function aimed at raising funds for the business (B.B Howard. Introduction to Business Finance). Finance is aimed to maximise the value of the firm and attain the main objectives of the firm; I. Shareholders wealth maximisation II. Profit maximisation This is achieved by determining the optimum capital structure and the efficient utilisation of resources by analysing risk and return (B. B Howard. Introduction to Business...
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...Advanced Accounting Beams Anthony 11th Edition Solutions Manual Click here to download immediately!!! http://solutionsmanualtestbanks.blogspot.com/2011/10/advanced-accountingbeams-anthony-11th.html ----------------------------------------------------------------------Advanced Advanced Advanced Advanced Accounting Accounting Accounting Accounting Beams Beams Beams Beams Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony 11th 11th 11th 11th Edition Edition Edition Edition Solutions Solutions Solutions Solutions Manual Manual Manual Manual -------------------------------------------------------------------------***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING the Solution Manual in e-version of the following book*** Name: Advanced Accounting Author: Beams Anthony Edition: 11th ISBN-10: 0132568969 Type: Solutions Manual - The file contains solutions and questions to all chapters and all questions. All the files are carefully checked and accuracy is ensured. - The file is either in .doc, .pdf, excel, or zipped in the package and can easily be read on PCs and Macs. - Delivery is INSTANT. You can download the files IMMEDIATELY once payment is done. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. Our response is the fastest. All questions will always be answered in 6 hours. This is the quality of service we are providing and we hope to be your helper. Delivery is in the next moment. Solution Manual is accurate. Buy now below and the DOWNLOAD LINK WILL APPEAR IMMEDIATELY once payment is...
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...DIFFERENT DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY ACCOUNTING STUDENTS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIERMENTS OF THE SUBJECT COMMUNICATION SKILLS BY APRIL JOY ALIMAN REBECCA P. ADAPTANTE KURT JENNELE SANTOS SHENNA MAE GUZMAN MA. FRANCE MAE SANTOS MARJORIE BALINGIT MARK ALGIE BANDOJO CLAIDE JOHN ONG RAMON TAYO LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN COLLEGE BS ACOUNTING TECHNOLOGY MARCH 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION A. Statement of the Problem B. Significance of the Study C. Definition of the Terms II. RELATED STUDIES III. FINDINGS IV. CONCLUSION V. RECOMMENDATION I. INTRODUCTION Accounting is concerned with collecting, analyzing, recording, and summarizing financial information. The purpose is to help people who used this information to make more informed and good decisions. One of the mistakes that many people have thought about accounting is that you have to be very strong in math. We tend to think that it is more about logic and analytical reasoning. You need to learn a lot of rules and make something fits the rules. It is considered a difficult major. Everyone has heard that accounting is all about numbers or being good in math to take accounting. Unfortunately, for many people, just mentioning the word "math" can turned off their interest in accounting and can bring back childhood memories of them having difficulties with long division and fractions or geometry homework, and later avoiding math...
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