...and, secondly, actual results are compared with budgeted ones. Any difference is made responsibility of the key individuals who were involved in (i) setting standards, (ii) given necessary resources and (iii) powers to use them. In order to streamline the process, the entire organization is broken into various types of centers mainly cost centre, revenue centre, profit center and investment centre. The organizational budget is divided on these lines and passed on to the concerned managers. Actual results are collected and displayed in the same form for comparison. Difference, if any, are highlighted and brought to the notice of the management. This process is called Responsibility Accounting. RESPONSIBILITY CENTRE A FORMAL DEFINITION OF RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING Responsibility accounting involves the creation of responsibility centres. A responsibility centre may be defined as an organization unit for whose performance a manager is held accountable. Responsibility accounting enables accountability for financial results and outcomes to be allocated to individuals throughout the organization. The objective is to measure the result of each responsibility center. It involves accumulating costs and revenues for each responsibility centre so that deviation from performance target (typically the budget) can be attributed to the individual who is accountable for the responsibility centre. (Colin Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, sixth edition) Chapter 12 I. CHARACTERISTICS...
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...www.StudentWhiz.com 1. Why are budgets useful in the planning process? • They enable the budget committee to earn their paycheck. • They provide management with information about the company's past performance. • They help communicate goals and provide a basis for evaluation. • They guarantee the company will be profitable if it meets its objectives. 2. A common starting point in the budgeting process is • a clean slate, with no expectations. • expected future net income. • past performance. • to motivate the sales force. Want more details? Download now ACC 561 Week 5 Quiz 3. Which of the following statements about budget acceptance in an organization is true? • The most widely accepted budget by the organization is the one prepared by top management. • Budgets are hardly ever accepted by anyone except top management. • The most widely accepted budget by the organization is the one prepared by the department heads. • Budgets have a greater chance of acceptance if all levels of management have provided input into the budgeting process. 4. What is budgetary control? • The process of providing information on budget differences to lower level managers • Another name for a flexible budget • The degree to which the CFO controls the budget • The use of budgets in controlling operations Quiz Answers just a click away ACC 561 Week 1 Quiz 5. The comparison of differences between actual and planned results • is done by the external auditors. • appears...
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...Normative Decision Process of an Investment Gift for a Nanotechnology Center As the President of the State University of New York Institute of Technology (SUNY IT), the university has been willed $20 million with no will or codicil related restrictions as to the direction that the capital can be invested. The university has chosen that the best use of the $20 million is to invest into a Nanotechnology Center, which will be set to begin construction in the Spring of 2013. The decision process on how to invest the $20 million in the Nanotechnology Center will be outline by a normative approach. The normative decision process includes developing an idea for the investment in the Nanotechnology Center based upon an optimal decision. The optimal decision is that SUNY IT should invest in a Nanotechnology Center. In developing the normative decision process for investing the $20 million the paper will look at other possible options, design and implementation, technology strategy, technology policy, and tight appropriability regimes (Burgelman, Christensen, & Wheelwright, 2009). The Nanotechnology Center at SUNY IT will help meet the needs of the New York state initiative in the greater Utica area in bringing in nanotechnology jobs as part of Nano Utica (SUNY IT, 2014). Comparing the Nanotechnology Center to Other Investment Options As New York’s public polytechnic university, SUNY IT must meet the growing demand for technical degree fields and the necessary facilities...
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...Mining Cluster ...................................................................... 4 Example #2: ASICMiner Gen3 - Most Efficient Next-Gen Cluster..................................................... 4 Challenges of Industrial Mining .......................................................................................................... 5 Data Center Mining ........................................................................................................................ 5 Purpose Built Large-Scale Mining Facilities ................................................................................... 6 KnC Miner 10MW Facility 14,500m² (156,000 sq ft) .................................................................. 6 MegaBigPower 1.4MW Mine 1900m² (20,000 sq ft) .................................................................. 6 ASICMiner 500kW Immersion Cooling 30m² (300 sq ft).............................................................. 7 250kW IceDrill Mine .................................................................................................................. 8 Larger Facilities, Larger Investments, Higher Risks ........................................................................ 8 Shorter Lifespan, More Resources, More Points of...
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...Solutions to Questions 1. As the supplier, Whitmore is faced with the ultimatum of effecting the change (implementing the time based service strategy) or losing the HomeHelp business. To implement the time based strategy will require new approaches to production and logistical operations as well as significant, constant investments in technology. The changes are likely to affect the way Whitmore conducts business with other customers and channel participants (suppliers, transportation providers, etc.). As the customer, HomeHelp has issued the ultimatum to Whitmore Products. However, should Whitmore elect to turn down the opportunity, HomeHelp will have to look elsewhere for products and service. Though the issue is open to debate, it seems that both firms stand to benefit from the time based strategy. Both firms stand to gain potential competitive advantages by being the first in their respective industries to adopt time-based logistics practices. Ideally, alliances should create synergy, where the dynamics of the whole is greater than the sum of the parts -- both firms succeed at levels unachievable when alone. As noted above, significant investment is required of each firm to see the strategy reach fruition. 2....
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...“ShopKo and Pamida: Systems Triumph or Tragedy?” An Information Systems Case (Laudon & Laudon, 9th Ed. Website) ShopKo, a regional discount merchandise retail chain headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin, has about 140 stores in larger Midwestern cities, and 221 Pamida stores serving rural areas in the Midwest, Mountain, and Pacific Northwest regions. ShopKo focuses on popular higher-margin categories such as casual apparel, health and beauty items, and housewares. Sales totaled $3.18 billion for the fiscal year ending in January 2005, and the company was recently acquired by a private company affiliate of Goldner, Hawn, & Morrison Inc. ShopKo has been an intensive user of applications to improve decision making about inventory levels, sales performance, store layout, and selection of merchandise. One of its most powerful tools has been a system to determine prices and timing of apparel markdowns. Traditionally companies that sell apparel have four product cycles a year, one for each of the seasons. However such companies now face serious competition from companies like Gap that now operate on rapidly changing product cycles, often bringing in new product lines every two to four weeks. One of the growing problems ShopKo had to address was what to do with the excess (or overstocked) merchandise when a cycle ends. At the end of a season (or cycle), companies have faced two problems. One is the need to empty its shelves in time for the arrival of the new cycle products (bathing...
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...particular. Hill (2008) highlights the role of Chinese producers when discussing the issues of global competition, stating that manufacturers from developed countries have a range of disadvantages when competing with Chinese manufacturers because of low prices of workforce in China. Therefore, one of the main challenges for Alcatel-Lucent in the global marketplace would be to maintain competitive, and at the same time to keep the required level of profitability. 2.2.2 Customer 2.2.3 Suppliers 2.2 Internal 2.3.1 Strengths Firstly, ALU has approached the data center with technology and a message that addresses one of the greatest challenges IT faces in the data center, which is managing the application experience versus the devices and individual elements. This focus is the foundation for the architecture and key to ALU’s entire offering from data center to campus. Secondly, ALU’s new technology partnership with Citrix enables customers to quickly deploy a tightly integrated ALU pod & mesh into an existing Citrix solution , or to plan a new project around Citrix technology. This speeds time to deployment and offers customers a strong L2-L7 solution for desktop virtualization, a Citrix strength. As VDI continues to gain traction in the market, this solution’s value will only increase and pay dividends for Citrix, ALU, and ultimately customers who deploy the joint offering. Thirdly , ALU’s global reach and scale provides customers with reasonable...
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...operational effectiveness. One of the reasons for this paradigm shift is the near constant rise of the cost of energy. In the case of a large company like Bayer, one of the most significant energy cost is linked to the use of its data center. Because Bayer is a company whose success depends on the preservation of its intellectual property, they absolutely must keep their privileged information in their own data center and this data needs to have a high level of redundancy to make it reliable (Smith, 2011). A global analysis of the costs of running Intel based data centers, which is the dominant company used in the field, has shown a rise of 400% of the costs linked to cooling and power. This modern dilemma brings forth a brand new kind of trade-off, save costs without sacrificing reliability. This situation can be easily understood when you know that: “93% of companies that lost access to their corporate data centre for ten days or more due to a disaster filed for bankruptcy within one year of the disaster; with 50% of businesses that found themselves without data management for this same time period filed also filed for bankruptcy” (Smith, 2011). This situation is sadly not easily avoidable, research has shown that in 2011, 70% of the data centers experienced disruption related to power usage at enormous costs in productivity loss and technical support (Hengst, 2008). One of the reasons we have chosen Bayer for our study is that it is a proven trailblazer when it comes to improving...
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...multi-billion dollar investment in the technology drove the growth of UPS over the last twenty five years beginning in 1990. This investment enabled the development of the DIAD (Delivery Information Acquisition Device). DIAD is a key element in UPS business technology platform. Today UPS delivery drivers more are efficient and effective and they are about 70,000 drivers who are wirelessly connected to UPS databases. They deliver over 16 million packages daily to their customers in 220 countries and territories. DIAD has built in GPRS and CDMA cell phone, a modem to facilitate the dial up access if necessary. These features enable UPS’ drivers to transmit real time data to their UPS center. DIAD has GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) connectivity which provides the drivers with detailed directions for pick-up of packages in order to locate the trucks and their packages. Drivers scan the package bar code, collect the receiver’s signature electronically. In overall, the UPS technology infrastructure enables UPS to offer its customers many services, such as package tracking, freight planning, and freight truck packing optimization, in addition to the basic shipment of packages. Questions 2: Write out the steps a package takes from pick-up by a UPS driver to delivery including the role of DIAD, the UPS Data Center, and the UPS Package Center. Every morning each UPS driver logs into the ODS system (On-Demand Services) to enable the communication between the dispatchers and center management...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...requirements in the data center infrastructure management marketplace. Rackwise data center management software focuses on the hierarchy of needs within a data center organization. Our flagship software RACKWISE Data Center Manager (DCM) is a multi-layered software consisting of Data Center Essentials, Data Center Intelligence and Real-world Integration. What was their belief validated by the market? Its flagship data center infrastructure management suite of products and service offerings, dcim™ Solutions, are used by over 150 companies worldwide to track, manage, plan, optimize and provide cost analysis of IT infrastructure. Since its inception, RACKWISE, Inc. has experienced significant growth. In addition to its corporate headquarters in Folsom, CA, RACKWISE, Inc. now has its Technology Group in Raleigh, NC and Sales Regional Offices in Boston, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas and Los Angeles. Today’s increasingly dynamic and complex data center environments present critical challenges for companies and data center executives in both the private and public sectors. Fixed energy resources, regulatory compliance, higher density computing configurations, the availability of real-time systems monitoring and the increasing use of virtualization within data centers are driving the need for new and innovative solutions designed to identify/manage risks associated with cascading faults to critical infrastructure, maximize utilization of existing data center resources and provide...
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...connect the driver with the truck. GPS built into the unit to help drivers locate delivery and pickup locations. Color screen for customer to read shipping documents. 2. Write out the steps a package takes from pick-up by a UPS driver to delivery including the role of DIAD, the UPS Data Center, and the UPS Package Center. • Smart label created • Information sent to processing center • Information processed—stored, address corrected • Information matched to dispatch plan • Package is sorted • Another label is printed specifying delivery truck and position on truck • Geo software used to continuously update dispatch plans for trucks based on current load • Information is displayed on the DIAD IV identifying drop off order, position on truck • At delivery, package scanned. Information sent wirelessly to processing center • Customers sign on the dotted line on the DIAD IV. • Main processing centers store complete track of package for customer tracking 3. What role does wireless communication play in the UPS systems? DIAD IV is wirelessly connected to the main processing centers and the package centers. Generally UPS trucks contain a transceiver to work with the local driver's DIAD...
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...COMPUTER ASSIGNMENT CASE STUDY-GREEN DATA CENTERS: GOOD FOR BUSINESS? Nita Adhikari BBA-1st SEMESTER Section B Green data centers: Good for business Synopsis This case all deals about bringing the concept of green computing and cost reduction in business field. The case revolves around how to minimize the cost of power consumption and efficiently use different improved tools and technique’s such as virtualization in data centers.it even visualize some of the world’s prominent firms like Microsoft, Google and Facebook; how have they used the concept of green computing that helps in business market even. Case Facts 1. Power and cooling costs for data centers have highly risen. 2. The power consumption for cooling the server has negative impact on the environment. 3. The efficient energy of data center is measured in Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). 4. The lower PUE is better, 1.0 is the desirable target, which traditionally was 2.0, and newly they designed for 1.5 and much better are emerging. 5. PUE is influenced by many factors, including hardware efficiency, data center size, the types of servers and their uses, the proficiency of monitoring software. 6. Union pacific, the largest North American Rail road, implemented Microsoft windows server 2008 virtualization, in order to use the computing resources more efficiently. Previously it had run an application per server which underutilized all the resources. By 2009, it created 380 virtual...
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...out the steps a package takes from pick-up by a UPS driver to delivery including the role of DIAD, the UPS Data Center, and the UPS Package Center. =The package is scanned at the UPS distribution center, then it is placed on a delivery truck in accordance to where it needs to be shipped, the driver drives the packages to their locations, delivers them, and scans them with the DIAD to confirm their delivery and if they were signed for. 3. What role does wireless communication play in the UPS systems? =Wireless communication plays a major role in this companies communication. The DIAD tablet has WIFI communcation and it reports back shipping and delivery data instantly to the data centers. It also allows for quick communication between driver and the package distribution centers. 4. How has information technology transformed the package delivery business? =It has allowed for the customer to be able to track and follow their package every step of its journey to their house. It has also aided in the effectiveness of the deliveries, make sure they are on time and sent to the proper destination. It also allows the companies to data base packages with ease. It has also made work on the drivers much simpiler with innovations such as the DIAD 5. 5. How does UPS’s investment in IT help it achieve the strategic business objectives described in the video? =Their investment in IT has allowed them to save money beacuse it has improved customer satisfaction, as well as increased...
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...Introductie Allied Office Products is a large corporation that builds its reputation on its annual sales of $900 million in business forms and specialty in paper products. Its paper products vary from envelopes to greeting cards and writing papers. Allied has incorporated a new program called Total Forms Controls (TFC) for its clients enabling Allied to separate this business forms division to handle client accounts. TFC provides services of warehousing and distribution, inventory control and forms usage reporting. Furthermore Allied offers several other services such as “pick-pack and desk top delivery” to enhance their business operations. Allied clients vary from small to large and all use their distribution center. Allied has a total of 13 distribution centers thus giving them an increase in the services. Algemene gegevens Externe omgeving van de organisatie Niet veel informatie over de externe omgeving van de organisatie. Behalve dat, in 1988, alle concurrenten aan het zoeken waren naar manieren om verkoopgroei te realiseren. Interne omgeving van de organisatie Allied Office Products is zich in 1988 gaan focussen op de voorraadbeheer diensten van zakelijke formulieren. De organisatie geloofde dat het diensten met toegevoegde waarde kon bieden om zich zo te differentiëren van andere soortgelijke organisaties. Zodoende begon Allied een campagne om al haar zakelijke klanten te laten inschrijven in een programma, genaamd “Total Forms Control” (TFC). Binnen dit programma...
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