...KPMG Taseer Hadi & Co. Chartered Accountants Investment in Pakistan Investment in Pakistan An Introduction Investment in Pakistan is a publication prepared by KPMG Pakistan to provide information on a number of subjects relevant for investment planning or doing business in Pakistan. The guide includes an overview of the economy and a summary of various investment opportunities in identified sectors which could be of interest for investors. This guide provides a summary of the rules, regulations and tax laws applicable in Pakistan. Although covering many relevant areas, it should not be considered as exhaustive since it has not been designed to provide complex and detailed information required for decision-making in relation to investments. This publication incorporates the regulations effective as of 31 August 2013. For our latest publications please browse our web site; www.kpmg.com.pk. © 2013 KPMG Taseer Hadi & Co., a Partnership firm registered in Pakistan and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Glossary BOI CY FCY FDI FY GDP GoP KSE PKR SBP SECP USD Board of Investment Calendar year Foreign Currency Foreign Direct Investment Fiscal year ended 30 June Gross Domestic Product Government of Pakistan Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan Rupee State Bank of Pakistan Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan United States Dollar ...
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...| Investment Climate in Pakistan | The investment climate of any country can be better estimated by analyzing three broad indicators that include macroeconomic (fiscal, monetary, exchange rate and political policies etc), governance (bureaucratic, financial and legal systems etc) and lastly infrastructural support (transportation, electricity supply and communication etc). The two major strengths and shortcomings of investment climate of Pakistan based upon above criterion are as follows. StrengthsPakistan is a country of more than 180 million people making it sixth most populous in the world. This pool of human resource has some disadvantages as well as some benefits too. Skilled and Inexpensive Workforce:The recent efforts of Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan in collaboration with Private Sector has resulted in the establishment of reputable institutes which are producing skilled and inexpensive workforce making it highly favorable for foreign investors to invest in country compared.Conversion and Transfer Policies:There are no limits on dividends, remittance of profits, debt service, capital, capital gains, and returns of intellectual property or royalties. The Government of Pakistan allows all these transfers to be made easily and is tax-exempted. Furthermore, the tariffs and custom duty policies also favors investment in Pakistan. | ShortcomingsPakistan is unfortunately plagued with many issues that hinder investment in the country. This declining...
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...will be the course of actions in order to achieve the proper “Investment climate in Bangladesh”. The report is prepared in order to get the knowledge and fulfill the basic requirement to complete the course titled as “Economic Conditions Analysis”. b. Background of the study: Economics is a sea of theories. These theories are the stairway to lift us to a stage from where we can get the entire idea of its different sectors. “Economic Conditions Analysis” is basically theory related course in addition to a mixing of practical incidents to compare theories and its applications. Obtaining theoretical knowledge is only a halfway to reach the target because implementation of theories is the ultimate goal of it. Being a very practical course “Economic Conditions Analysis” requires a large extent of implementation of its theories and procedures in the real life. To meet up this requirement I have prepared the report titled “Investment climate in Bangladesh”. c. Objectives: 1. Broad Objective: The broad objective is to examine investment climate in Bangladesh over years and what should be done for better performance in the upcoming years. 2. Specific Objectives: The specific objectives of preparing the report are as follows: i. To present historical data regarding industrial policy, obstacles to implement and what should be done to create proper investment climate in Bangladesh. ii. To meet up the requirement of “Economic...
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...Working Paper 3/2010 Investment Climate Series Investment Climate in Bangladesh: Enhanced Role of the Capital Market Dr. Prashanta K. Banerjee Md. Mohiuddin Siddique Economic Research Group Working paper No: 3/2010 Investment Climate Series Investment Climate in Bangladesh: Enhanced Role of the Capital Market Authors Dr. Prashanta Kumer Banerjee1 Mohiuddin Siddique2 Mentors Mohammad Musa Ph.D3 Farook Chowdhury4 ECONOMIC RESEARCH GROUP JUNE 2010 1 Senior Associate Professor, Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management (BIBM), Dhaka 2 Associate Professor, BIBM, Dhaka 3 Professor of Finance, School of Business, United International University 4 Program Manager, BMB Mott MacDonald, Dhaka. Published By Economic Research Group (ERG), Dhaka, Bangladesh The papers in this series are published as part of contract under the Small Grants Program, implemented by ERG and BMB Mott MacDonald and supported by the Bangladesh Investment Climate Fund (BICF). BICF is managed by IFC, in partnership with the U.K. Department for International Development and the European Union. Details about the program can be found at http://www.ergonline.org/ifc/index_of_SGAPP.html © Dr. Prashanta Kumer Banerjee, Mohiuddin Siddique, 2010 This publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted for research and academic works without prior permission of the publisher or the author(s) but proper acknowledgement must be given...
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...Capital Market Development in Capital Cambodia Hanoi, 1st March 2007 Dr. Hang Chuon Naron Secretary General Ministry of Economy and Finance Contents Contents Overview of Financial Market – – – – Present financial system in Cambodia Banking Sector Insurance Sector Fixed Income Securities and equity Capital Market Development in Cambodia guided by: - Financial Sector Blueprint 2001-2010 (FSB2001-2010) approved on August 24th, 2001 - Financial Sector Development Strategy 2006-2015 (Approved by the Royal Government of Cambodia on February 9th , 2007) Develop 4 I’s for Capital Market – – – – Infrastructure investor Issuers Intermediaries Way forward Overview of Financial Market Overview Present financial system in Cambodia Present Players in Financial Sector: ● Dominance of banking system: The central bank, that is the National Bank of Cambodia with its The 18 provincial branches, 15 commercial banks, 4 specialized bank, 15 A decentralized banking system, consisting of MFIs and a number decentralized of NGOs operating in the rural finance. ● 4 Insurance Co., ● No inter-bank/money market ● No equity & securities market, no securities company ● Active foreign exchange markets due to high degree of dollarisation (90% of banks transactions in US$, large volume of USD cash in circulation). Banking Sector Banking ≈ – Banks are very liquid (loans to deposits ratio 65%), but despite large resources they...
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...While climate impacts will vary on a regional scale, it is the tourism business that needs to take a look at today and tomorrow’s economic factors. While some of the benefits from climate change may accrue to individual farms or businesses, the cost of dealing with adverse climate impacts are typically borne by society as a whole. These costs to society will not be uniformly distributed but felt most among small businesses and Grand Traverse Bay. Here they will most likely to be affected by climate change such as, water, energy, transportation and public health systems. The costs of inaction are frequently neglected and typically not done. These costs include such expenses as rebuilding or preparing infrastructure to meet new realities and the ripple effect of these economic impacts on the state’s households, the agricultural, manufacturing, and commercial and public service sectors as well as tourism in Grand Traverse Bay (Douglas, 2001). Climate change will affect the water, energy, transportation, and public health systems, as well as state economies as well as climate change impact and a wide range of important economic sectors from agriculture to manufacturing to tourism. It is all about location in any business. Especially in the tourism business, but what would happen if we did not for see the future. Looking at Traverse Bay it isn’t a positive future for tourism in the Michigan area in the next 10 to 20 years. Looking at Grand Traverse Bay, I will be...
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...activities, colonial experiences. Latin America has considered geography as unchangeable, true it is, but still it does not imply that policies should overlook or better yet ignore this fact. Geographically speaking, the whole Latin America lies in different latitudes of the Earth. Thus, places in this region experiences different climate patterns and seasons. This leads us to our first geographical factor that affects their development, the productivity of land. Latin America is known for agricultural products such as vegetables, root crops, and meat. These yields are needs climate and soil conditions that will satisfy for their growth. Considering the climate and soil conditions in temperate and tropical zones of Latin America, it is highly possible that the productivity of their lands differs, as well. However, those in temperate zones yield more crops than those in the tropical. The difference is the result of inputs used by temperate zones farmers that used technological advancements such as fertilizers, tractors, seeds and labour force that increases the yields whether or not the climate and soil type suit the crop. This difference is brought about by the advances of those in the temperate areas because they have taken advantage of advancement in technology in regions near them that are similar to them geographically and ecologically. Tropical regions in Latin America experience poverty not only because of being...
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...Mitigation potential of climate-optimal trajectory planning in the North Atlantic Flight corridor Sigrun Matthes1 , Volker Grewe2, Christine Frömming2, Sabine Brinkop2, DLR German Aerospace Center, 82334 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Thierry Champougny3 EUROCONTROL, 1130 Brussels, Belgium Amund O. Sovde4 CICERO, 0349 Oslo, Norway and Emma Irvine5 University of Reading, UK Mitigation of aviation climate impact is one strategic goal spelled out for a durable development of air traffic. Operational measures to identify climate-optimal aircraft trajectories by air traffic management (ATM) are one option to reduce climate impact. We present results from a comprehensive approach for climate-optimized flight planning applied for a case study the North Atlantic Flight corridor (NAFC) performed within the collaborative project REACT4C (Reducing Emissions from Aviation by Changing Trajectories for the benefit of Climate) funded under the European FP7 programme. Ultimate goal was to identify maximum mitigation gain (in climate impact) for a specific investment, hence minimal marginal mitigation costs. For this purpose consecutively those flights trajectories options are selected which offer the highest mitigation potential taking into account five archetypical weather patterns in NAFC, and traffic samples in eastbound and westbound both direction. Using a concept of 4-dimensional climate cost functions integrated into a simulation system for operational planning...
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...life within the country (2). Below are some important details about the city. Climate: ● Humid Subtropical Climate (1) ● The city is hottest in December, January and February with an average temp of 86° F (1). ● The weather is coolest in June and July with an average temp of 68° F (1). ● Winter weather is known to be quite windy (1). ● Summer weather is not unusually wet, and rainfall is quite average (1). Ethnicity of Residents: ● Portuguese speaking Brazilians with Italian, Spanish and Native descent live within the city (1). ● English and Spanish are also spoken commonly in the city (1). ● 75% of the population is Catholic, 9% are Protestant, 4% are Spiritist, and the remainder are non-religious, Jewish and Jehovah’s Witness (1). Location, Dimensional Size and Population Details: ● The city is surrounded by 40 hills covering 65% of the area and bordered by a 72 km river (2). ● It has an altitude of 10m (2). ● The city is located at Latitude S - 30º / Longitude W - Greenwich 51 (2). ● The size of the city is 476.3 km 2 (2). ● The population includes 1,416,363 inhabitants (2). ● The average life expectancy is 71.4 years (2). ● The literacy rate stands at 91% (2). Cultural and Economic Facts: ● Porto Alegre is centered around the Public Market, which is known las the Mercado Publico and is also an important transport hub (2). ● The city ranks second in financial investments (2). ● It is among the most green cities in the world, with more than a million...
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...Corporate or Cowtown? “To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune; or to take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing, end them?” These opening lines of William Shakespeare’s infamous soliloquy from “Hamlet” idealize my sentiments towards my decision problem: To pursue the path of the ‘Corporate Ladder’; one of a simplistic, ‘bare bones’, and uncomplicated lifestyle that I have in Columbus, OH (aka “Cowtown”)? I have hit the mid-life checkpoint and desire to have a plan in place so that it does not evolve into the proverbial mid-life ‘crisis’. My decision for this problem is based on objectives that meet my physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual wishes and goals. Among the alternatives I considered, I selected “Relocating/Transferring to another state with my current company” . I believe this alternative will provide an ideal mix of consequences and benefits such as flexibility, opportunity, challenge, short-term change and long-term sustainability, ability to modify the decision and its subsequent outcomes; as well as acceptable tradeoffs. The primary factors that led me to this selection are that this alternative lends itself to buying more time and gathering information to determine if this alternative is, in fact, the best alternative for me. This method helps to mitigate risk, but more importantly achieves my fundamental objectives, which were the determining...
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...money. In my case, I have lived and studied in Ho Chi Minh City since I graduated from high school in 1999. Living nearly 10 years in Ho Chi Minh City, I recognized that these are three typical differences which make Da Lat a better place to live in than Ho Chi Minh: weather, cost of living and transportation. One noticeable difference between the two places is the weather. Ho Chi Minh City has two distinct seasons: a very humid, rainy season and a long, hot, dry season throughout the year. The highest temperature climbs to approximately 39 degrees Celsius around noon in late April and the lowest may be about 16 degrees Celsius in the early mornings of late December. In the dry season, December through April is really hot and humid. The hot climate is hard enough on the people that they have to turn air conditioners all day. Besides, in the rainy, May to November, is a little cold but still humid because it has been raining on this period of time. So, it is not easy to live in such a hot city because you always break into perspiration and feel uncomfortable in your daily routine. Like Ho Chi Minh City, Da Lat also has two separate seasons that are rainy and dry seasons, yet these two seasons are clearly marked by distinct weather changes. In the dry season, November to April is Learning American English Online Page 1 Lê Quốc Bảo Sample Essays somewhat hot but windy. This makes Da Lat more beautiful than the others. It is an ideal point of time for students who are out of...
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...The traditional Malay house 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1. I Title of practice or experience The traditional Malay house 1.2 Category o practice/experience and brief description f The traditional Malay house is one of the richest components of Malaysia’s cultural heritage. Designed and built by the villagers themselves, it manifests the creative and aesthetic skills of the Malays. This is a near-perfect houseform which is appropriate to local climatic conditions and expresses the way of life of its inhabitants. The house is extremely well designed to suit the warm and humid Malaysian climate and for the multifunctional use of space. Its design is also flexible as it caters to the widely different needs of the users and it has an addition system which allows the house to be extended to meet the growing needs of each family. 1.3 Name of person or institution responsible for the practice or experience The Malay communities in Malaysia 1.4 Name and position of key or relevant persons or officials involved Not applicable 1.5 Details o institution f Not applicable PART II: I NDIGENOUS AND TRADITIONAL 74 KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES 1.6 Name of person and/or institution conducting the research Lim Jee Yuan, Consumers’ Association of Penang 1.7 Details of research person/institution (a) (b) (c) (d) Address: 228 Macalister Road, 10400 Penang, Malaysia Telephone:++ (60) (4) 229 35 11 Fax: ++ (60) (4) 229 8 I06 E-Mail: elawmalaysia@igc.apc.org ...
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...such as floods, droughts and tropical cyclones afflict many regions of the world, but their impact in terms of lives lost and livelihoods disrupted tends to fall most heavily on the poor in developing countries. Climate change threatens to heighten these impacts in many areas, both by changing the frequency and/or intensity of extreme events and by bringing changes in mean conditions that may alter the underlying vulnerability of populations to hazards. The result in the decades to come may be an increase in the global burden of weather-related disasters: events that can threaten the sustainability of development processes and undermine progress toward poverty reduction. Holistic management of disaster risk requires action to reduce impacts of extreme events before, during and after they occur, including technical preventive measures and aspects of socio-economic development designed to reduce human vulnerability to hazards. Approaches toward the management of climate change impacts also have to consider the reduction of human vulnerability under changing levels of risk. A key challenge and opportunity therefore lies in building a bridge between current disaster risk management efforts aimed at reducing vulnerabilities to extreme events and efforts to promote climate change adaptation. There is a need to understand better the extent to which current disaster management practices reflect future adaptation needs and assess what changes may be required if such practices are to...
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...Final Exam In the beginning of this semester I never thought to think how big my impact on the environment was. And now that the semester is over I know exactly what I as a consumer am doing to the environment. Everyone plays a big role in impacting the environment and everyone can play a bigger role in helping conserve the environment they live in. When it comes to air pollution, global climate change, changes in natural habitat, and water pollution I as a consumer negatively impact those four problems. With air pollution I affect it negatively by driving a car, running electricity, and other ways like using the stove in the kitchen. I affect climate change by driving a car, by buying things that come from factories that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and by using electricity. When it comes to changes in natural habitat I impact it by living in a house that was built on natural habitat which then forced the environment to change, also by going to the mall and other stores that were built upon natural habitat. I impact water pollution by using harmful pesticides, buying food that comes from farms that irrigate, by wasting water like letting the faucet run, also by using fertilizer. Those are just some of the ways I as a consumer impact Earth’s environment. The five levels on which people can participate in working towards a sustainable future are as follows, individual lifestyle changes, political involvement, membership participation N60s, volunteer, and...
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...Planet Trojan X is approximately 110,546,002 Miles from the sun. Trojan X is very much similar to desert regions on earth with some exceptions. Such as instead of there being climate region changes, the entire planet has the same climate. Since the entire planet has the same climate type there was not much pressure on choosing the location to settle. There were a few things that proved to be necessary though such as a reliable water source and good food source nearby. We had found a great water source with an even greater wildlife and food source nearby. The timespan between night and day is very similar to earth’s timeframe with a few exceptions. Daytime lasts for only 8 hours and nighttime last for an average time of 16 hours due to the position of the planets in between Trojan X and the sun. In the region that we settled in there is a constant breeze that occurs, but on some nights there is a greater breeze that comes through and lowers the temperature drastically. Much like how the temperature in deserts on earth would be. It is very often that it rains on this hemisphere but that doesn’t mean it never rains. There is a timespan from where we will go 12 months with no rain and then the other twelve months of almost constant rain which makes crops a bit of a hassle for half the year. With the majority of Trojan X being a desert planet, there is an overabundance of sand. There are quite a bit of mountains a wild plants growing on them but over all its almost all sand. ...
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