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Investment

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Submitted By coralxy
Words 1610
Pages 7
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1 Alistair tells you that when he was asked to choose a government security he could not differentiate one from another. The two that his father had suggested were:
(a) 8% Treasury Stock 2015 (his eventual choice)
(b) 2½ % Index Linked Stock 2011
Explain to Alistair the main features of each of the above.

a) A bond is a tradable loan. Issuer promises to repay to the loan at a future date (on maturity), and pay interest at a defined rate (usually fixed). Issuer might be the British government or company. In this, the coupon is 8%, redemption date is 2015. Mr. Alistair will receive every six months 4% form government. The government will at the redemption date.
b) These Gilts provide interest payments (coupon) and capital repayment that are linked to CPI (the Consumer Price Index, which measures the rate inflation). Until recently the index used was the Retail Price Index (RPI). Inflation erodes the return to the investor by reducing the real return an investor earns. By providing coupons that are increased in line with inflation, these Gilts provide additional protection for the investor.

2 Alistair has received his Contract Note detailing his recent purchase of gilts. He is unclear as to how the cost of the gilts was calculated by his broker. Using the following information calculates the cost of the purchase:
♦ the purchase took place on the 4 May
♦ the interest is paid half yearly on 22 February and 22 August
♦ ignore brokerage fees in your calculation

£30,000 @ £104.50/£100 = £20,900
Interest per half year = £20,000 @ 8%/2 = £800
Days in period 22 Feb to 5 May (one extra day for settlement)
6+31+30+5 = 72
Half year = 22 Feb to 22 Aug = 6+31+30+31+30+31+22 = 181
Interest split = £800 x 72/181 = £318.23
Total paid = £20,900 + £318.23 = £21,218.23

3 Alistair has recently inherited the shares in his portfolio from his late aunt. He has no knowledge of their features. Explain the main features of both the categories of shares he holds in his portfolio.

(a) Ordinary shares:
(i) Main share capital of a company
(ii) Dividends payable if company profits permit
(iii) Can be freely sold on to others
(iv) No fixed value — market value instead
(v) Risky — last to be repaid out of annual profit and on liquidation
(vi) Issued with nominal value
(viii) Full voting rights

(b) Preference shares:
(i) Fixed rate of dividend paid
(ii) Dividends paid earlier that ordinary dividend
(iii) Rank ahead of ordinary shares on liquidation
(iv) No opportunity for dividend growth unless ‘participating’
(v) May have restricted or no voting rights

4 Alistair has received notification from Alpha plc that they intend to make a 1 for
4 rights issue. Although Alistair is aware of what a rights issue is, he does not understand the financial implications of the issue.
Calculate the theoretical ex-rights price of the issue based on a rights price of 240p and a current market value of 280p

Theoretical ex-rights price:
5,000 shares @ 280 = £14,000
1,250 rights @ 240 = £ 3,000
6,250 total £17,000
1 share = 17,000/6,250 = 272p (theoretical ex-rights price)

5 Alistair refers to the recently received set of company accounts from Beta plc. He admits to having some difficulty in understanding the financial information that the company provides and asks you to explain how the following ratios were calculated, based on this extract from the accounts.
(a) Earnings yield
(b) Price/earnings ratio
Beta plc Extract from the Profit and Loss Account — Year ended 31
December 2002
£m
Turnover 370
(Cost of sales) (160)
Operating profit 210
(Operating costs) (90)
Profit before taxation 120
Taxation (30)
Profit after taxation 90
Dividends (20)
Retained earnings 70
Profit and loss brought forward 210
Profit and loss carried forward 280
You are aware from the accounts that the company has an issued share capital of
180 million shares of 25p each and that the market share price on 31 December
2002 stood at 160p.

a) Earnings yield = Earnings per share/Current market price per share
Earnings = (net) profit after taxation = £90m
Earnings per share =Earnings Attributable to Ordinary shareholders/Number of ordinary shares in issue = 90m/180m = 50p
Earnings yield = 50p/160p x 100 = 31.25%

(b) Price/earnings Ratio = Current market price per share /earnings per share =160p/50p = 3.2 times

6 Due to the difficulties that Alistair is having in understanding the company accounts he asks if you can recommend any alternative, and more easily understood, ways in which he can keep up-to-date with the performance of his shares.
(a) State four sources, other than company accounts, that Alistair may find useful in keeping up-to-date with the performance of his shares.
(b) For each source, give one example of the type of information that the source provides.

Website e.g.
Newspapers e.g. Broadsheet newspapers
Magazines e.g. Money Management
Television, e.g. CNBC

7 Alistair’s brother Peter is still trying to convince Alistair of the merits of investing in property with a view to leasing to tenants. Alistair remains cautious about such a venture but asks you to summarize for him the main benefits and drawbacks of such an investment.

Advantages:
1. Price Appreciation
Over long term, property price rises have outstripped inflation
Extent of the price increase is heavily dependent on location
2. Security-property provides investor a home and if owners need to borrow money the home can be used as security
3. Tax If the property is a main residence, any gains are free capital gains tax
4. Diversification Investing in property can provide good diversification of an investor’s portfolio

8 Despite having spoken to a Financial Adviser appointed by his employer Alistair is still unsure of the features of a Stakeholder Pension Scheme. Summaries the main features of this scheme.

1. Any employer who employs five or more employees, and whose employees earn above the National Insurance threshold, must offer a Stakeholder Pension Scheme
2. Stakeholder pensions allow employees to contribute from £20 up to a maximum of £3,600 per annum
3. Contributions can be made on behalf of spouses, children and even grandchildren
4. Up to 25% of the fund value can be withdrawn as a tax-free lump sum at retirement
5. Maximum charge that a provider can take from a SPS is 1% per annual of fund value
6. Employers are exempt from offering Stakeholder Pension if:
(1) They employ fewer than five employees
(2) They offer a Group Pension Scheme
(3) All the employees earn less than the National Insurance lower earnings limit

Suggested solution and making an assessment decision
1 Government securities:
(a) 8% Treasury Stock 2015
♦ guaranteed rate of 8% interest per annum, paid twice yearly
♦ Repayment by government in year 2015 at par (£100)
(b) 2½% Index Linked Stock 2011
♦ Inflation proofing of interest and capital repayment
♦ not repaid at par so more expensive to purchase
Students may also consider tax implications of above.
2 Calculation of gilts purchase:
♦ £30,000 @ £104.50/£100 = £20,900
♦ Interest per half year = £20,000 @ 8%/2 = £800
♦ Days in period 22 Feb to 5 May (one extra day for settlement)
♦ 6+31+30+5 = 72
♦ Half year = 22 Feb to 22 Aug = 6+31+30+31+30+31+22 = 181
♦ Interest split = £800 x 72/181 = £318.23
♦ Total paid = £20,900 + £318.23 = £21,218.23
3 Features of shares(自己理解5点)
(a) Ordinary shares:
(i) Main share capital of a company
(ii) Dividends payable if company profits permit
(iii) Can be freely sold on to others
(iv) No fixed value — market value instead
(v) Risky — last to be repaid out of annual profit and on liquidation
(vi) Issued with nominal value
(viii) Full voting rights
(b) Preference shares:(4点)
(i) Fixed rate of dividend paid
(ii) Dividends paid earlier that ordinary dividend
(iii) Rank ahead of ordinary shares on liquidation
(iv) No opportunity for dividend growth unless ‘participating’
(v) May have restricted or no voting rights

4 Theoretical ex-rights price:
♦ 5,000 shares @ 280 = £14,000
♦ 1,250 rights @ 240 = £ 3,000
♦ 6,250 total £17,000
♦ 1 share = 17,000/6,250 = 272p (theoretical ex-rights price)

5 (a) Earnings yield = Earnings per share/market price x 100
♦ Earnings = (net) profit after taxation = £90m
♦ Earnings per share = 90m/180m = 50p
♦ Earnings yield = 50p/160p x 100 = 31.25%
(b) Price/earnings = market price/earnings per share
♦ 160p/50p = 3.2 times

6 Sources of information — any four such as:(自己理解)
♦ Financial Times
♦ Broadsheet newspapers
♦ Magazines eg Investors Chronicle, Money Management
♦ Television, eg Business Lunch, news, CNBC, Bloomberg PLUS
♦ One example of how each can provide information

7 Investing in property
Benefits:
♦ Capital assets can be purchased with valuation easily made
♦ Insurable against damage
♦ Regular income from rent
♦ Capital and interest can increase with inflation

Drawbacks:
♦ Time delay if trying to realise capital — sitting tenant
♦ Repairs and maintenance are the owner’s problem
♦ Unsuitable tenants can be a problem
♦ Non-rental periods possible
♦ Property law is difficult to understand and can be costly

8 Stakeholder Pension Scheme — from(5个)
♦ Eligibility for all employees working for employers with five or more employees
♦ can contribute from £20 regular or one-off
♦ 1% maximum charge per year
♦ can stop, start and vary payments at any time
♦ Up to £3,600 per annum contributions
♦ Tax benefits on contributions by employees
♦ Tax benefits for employers
♦ can take benefits from age 50 to age 75
♦ can carry pension from employer to employer

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...复旦大学管理学院院 投资学期末考试试卷 样品 课程名称:__投资学 _________ 课程代码: MANA130029.01____________ 开课院系:__管理学院财务金融系____ 考试形式:闭卷 姓 名: 学 号: 专 业: |题 号 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |总 分 | |得 分 | | | | | | | (以下为试卷正文) 一、选择题 (60分)Multiple choices (60 point, one point each) 1. 资本配置线可以描述为 A) 投资机会集由一个无风险资产和一个风险资产构成 B) 投资机会集由两个风险资产构成 C) 上面每个点对某个投资者来说效用都一样 D) 每个点期望收益一样但风险不一样 E) 上面一个都不对 1. The Capital Allocation Line can be described as the A) investment opportunity set formed with a risky asset and a risk-free asset. B) investment opportunity set formed with two risky assets. C) line on which lie all portfolios that offer the same utility to a particular investor. D) line on which lie all portfolios with the same expected rate of return and different standard deviations. E) none of the above. 3.无风险利率为5%,风险资产如下 Security A: E(r) = 0.15; Variance = 0.04 Security B: E(r) = 0.10; Variance = 0.0225 Security C: E(r) = 0.12; Variance = 0.01 Security D: E(r) = 0.13; Variance = 0.0625 投资者将选择哪一个资产来组成风险资产和无风险资产的组合 A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) 不能决定. 3. Consider a T-bill with a rate of return of 5 percent and the following risky securities: Security A: E(r) = 0.15; Variance = 0.04 Security B: E(r) = 0.10; Variance = 0.0225 Security C: E(r) = 0.12; Variance = 0.01 Security D: E(r) = 0.13; Variance...

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