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Iodine

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Department of Chemistry PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY I

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in a Ternary System
#03
Anas Ahmed Al-Aidaros 200935483 Sec. 01

Instructor: Dr. Joanna Pajak

Introduction: Objective
Determination of the solubility limits in a ternary system of water and two other liquids, one of which is completely miscible and the other is partly miscible with water. According to the phase rule of Gibbs the variance F (number of degrees of freedom) of a system at equilibrium is equal to the number of components c minus the number of phases p plus 2, provided that the equilibrium is influenced only by temperature, pressure, and concentration. A system with three independent components has F=5-P degrees of freedom. An invariant point in a ternary system therefore contains five different phases in equilibrium with each other. An invariant point can for example consist of a vapor phase, a liquid phase, and three solid phases in equilibrium with each other. A ternary system with three phases (solid-liquid-vapor) in equilibrium with each other has two degrees of freedom. If the temperature is fixed, one degree of freedom remains. A phase diagram isotherm showing a ternary system with a vapor phase and a liquid phase requires therefore a line to mark the concentration range in which a solid phase is in equilibrium with the other two phases. A point needed to mark concentrations where two solid phases are in equilibrium with liquid and vapor.

Experimental:
Chemical used
Distilled Water Ethyl acetate Ethanol

Glass ware used
Pipette Beaker Burette Elementary flasks

Procedure:
Part I o We prepare seven mixtures of water and ethyl acetate as follows:
Volume mL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Water 10 1 1.5 2 3.5 7 8 Ethyl acetate 2 7 5.5 4.5 4 2.5 1

o Titrate mixture 1, carefully and slowly, with distilled water until the permanent homogeneity appears, and record

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