1. What are three benefits of implementing VLANs within a network?
A. A more efficient use of bandwidth can be achieved allowing many physical groups to use the same network infrastructure
B. Broadcast storms can be mitigated by decreasing the number of broadcast domains, thus increasing their size.
C.A higher level of network security can be reached by separating sensitive data traffic from other network traffic.
D. Port-based VLANs increase switch-port use efficient, thanks to 802.1Q trunks
E.A more efficient use of bandwidth can be achieved allowing many logical networks to use the same network infrastructure.
F. Broadcast storms can be mitigated by increasing the number of broadcast domains, thus reducing their size.
G.VLANs makes it easier for IT staff to configure new logical groups, because the VLANs all belong to the same broadcast domain.
2. What are some drawbacks of implementing VLANs within a network?
•Usable bandwidth is shared among all the devices connected to the LAN
•ALL devices connected within a LAN can hear ALL the packets irrespective of whether the packet is meant for that device or not. It is possible for some unscrupulous node listening to data packets not meant for that.
•Suppose, your organization has different departments. Using a traditional LAN, when any changes take place within the organization, physical cables and devices need to be moved to reorganize the LAN infrastructure.
•A LAN cannot extend beyond its physical boundary across a WAN as in VLANs.
Management is complex Possible problems in interoperability A VLAN cannot forward traffic to another VLAN (need a router to communicate
802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has a drawback of slow convergence.
3. What mode must VTP is set on a switch in order to extend a VLAN definition?
The mode is VTP Transparent Mode.
The VTP Transparent mode is something between a VTP Server and a VTP Client but does not participate in the VTP Domain.
In Transparent mode, you are able to create, modify and delete VLANs on the local switch, without affecting any other switches regardless of the mode they might be in. Most importantly, if the transparently configured switch receives advertisement containing VLAN information, it will ignore it but at the same time forward it out its trunk ports to any other switches it might be connected to.
4. Define the term “Trunking”.
In telecommunications it refers to the grouping of connection switches and circuits within a telephone exchange. Trunking is a process that enables the service provider to use fewer circuits because users are sharing connections.
5. For what purpose is Trunking used within a network?
Network trunking or more accurately tunnelling is over dedicate virtual network paths it is via VLAN's used by big organizations to do business and is a dedicated digital fixed access circuit. So it is expensive all though it is dedicate it is not an actual physical circuit, it is virtual and is only up for a session but returns to the pool for further use.

6. What does the term STP stand for and for what purpose is used?
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), where two bridges are used to interconnect the same two computer network segments, spanning tree is a protocol that allows the bridges to exchange information so that only one of them will handle a given message that is being sent between two computers within the network. The spanning tree protocol prevents the condition known as a bridge loop.
7. What is the Cisco command to set Spanning Tree mode to Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol?
SW1>enable
SW1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
SW1(config)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW1#show spanning-tree bridge
8. Once the configuring of RSTP on Mock Infrastructure was complete and ping test was performed how much time RSTP take to determine and implement a new path to the target destination. One big disadvantage of STP is the low convergence which is very important in switched network. To overcome this problem, in 2001, the IEEE with document 802.1w introduced an evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), which significantly reduces the convergence time after a topology change occurs in the network. While STP can take 30 to 50 seconds to transit from a blocking state to a forwarding state, RSTP is typically able to respond less than 10 seconds of a physical link failure.
9. Define the term “collapsed backbone network”
A collapsed backbone is a type of network structure or configuration that is sometimes used in the creation of local area networks or LANs. The configuration often includes the use of switching or routing hubs as part of the overall design, with a central point of origin providing the feed for all the hubs. While very easy to set up and maintain, there are drawbacks to this arrangement that can lead to a completed failure of the network if that central point of origin is adversely affected.