...Christian ethics is the application of Christian values to the business world. One approach is to view Scripture as a book of rules to be applied to specific situations. Simply find the right rule and match it with the current problem and, bingo, the two pieces fit like a puzzle. This is a life time tool throughout life. While people misunderstands the heart of Christian ethics, it should give pause to those who would take a rules-based approach. Ironically, research indicates that corporations with strict codes of ethics actually are cited more often for breaking the law than their counterparts without such spelled-out rules. Perhaps either human nature rebels against minute regulations or a rule-keeping perspective provides little guidance in morally ambiguous situations. Other critics attack the idea of a Christian business ethic from a different angle, arguing that Scripture has nothing relevant to say about business today. Using Scripture as a business rule book, they contend, would be like using ancient medical scholars such as Galen and Hippocrates to train modern doctors. This approach is quite different from human-based ethical systems, which generally focus on egoism, utilitarianism or deontological reasoning. Christian ethics don’t reject all of these values. To the contrary, there is much overlap between Christian ethics and many human-centered ethical systems. While concerned with human happiness and the fulfillment of ethical obligations, Christian...
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...Placed in culture. This makes embryonic stem cells very flexible and versatile. Using Stem cells to learn about the ways that these cells differentiate, grow, and renew will also Have profound results in the study and cure of cancers, birth defects, diabetes, and spinal cord Injuries, and other diseases caused by dysfunctional cell replication. Research on 3 Embryonic stem cells can also improve drug safety, as a drug can be tested on a stem cell Line before use in a patient (Louis 2009). The embryonic stem cells are extracted from The inner cell mass during the early blastocyst phase of embryonic development. After an Egg is fertilized, generally during in vitro in the laboratory, it begins dividing. The Blastocyst is a hollow ball of about 150 cells. The inner cell mass are the cells located in The inner part of the ball, and once extracted, the embryo is no longer viable or living (Monk 35). Hence, the controversy arises with destruction of the embryo. The use of the other type of stem cells, adult stem cells, in research and treatments Does not destroy an embryo. But adult stem cell applications have limitations, as will be Noted. Research and therapies involving adult stem cells use specialized cells found in Adults in areas such as the brain or bone...
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...Iranian Journal of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Code of Ethics for Nurses F Zahedi, M Sanjari, [...], and M Vahid Dastgerdi Additional article information Abstract Nurses are ever-increasingly confronted with complex concerns in their practice. Codes of ethics are fundamental guidance for nursing as many other professions. Although there are authentic international codes of ethics for nurses, the national code would be the additional assistance provided for clinical nurses in their complex roles in care of patients, education, research and management of some parts of health care system in the country. A national code can provide nurses with culturally-adapted guidance and help them to make ethical decisions more closely to the Iranian-Islamic background. Given the general acknowledgement of the need, the National Code of Ethics for Nurses was compiled as a joint project (2009–2011). The Code was approved by the Health Policy Council of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and communicated to all universities, healthcare centers, hospitals and research centers early in 2011. The focus of this article is on the course of action through which the Code was compiled, amended and approved. The main concepts of the code will be also presented here. No doubt, development of the codes should be considered as an ongoing process. This is an overall responsibility to keep the codes current, updated with the new progresses of science and emerging...
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...because they depend on our point of view. * If we accept ethical relativism, then ethical disagreement among people who do not share the same perspective becomes impossible. * It assumes that if people agree on something, then it must be true. * Ethical relativism is suspect for a pragmatic reason: it is fundamentally at variance with our social practice. * Example: “To each his own”, or the belief that what’s right for one group isn’t necessarily right for another Ethical Objectivism * Ethical objectivism holds that right and wrong are objective phenomena. * Example: “I’m right and you’re wrong” What is Ethics? * As a discipline, ethics is a branch of philosophy. * It deals with questions of right and wrong conduct, and with what we ought to do and what we ought to refrain from doing. * It considers issues of rights and obligations and how these are related to the social setting. * Ethics is normative or prescriptive in nature. * It deals with persons insofar as they are persons. * It is jurisdiction-invariant, and its injunctions are binding even if no law recognizes them. Ethical Theories The most common kinds of...
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...Unit 9: Final Project Kaplan Student April 26, 2011 HU245 Final Project Analytical Skill Building: My critical reading skills have improved immensely as a result of the work I have done in this class. At the beginning of this course, I felt I was pretty set in my beliefs. I have read what I needed to read to support my own ideas. By taking this class I am able to read information on views which are conflicting to mine and not be biased. I was able to read posts from classmates which were contradictory to my own and see the points they were trying to make. One example of where I feel my critical reading skills were improving was in reading the posts in Unit 6 which the discussion was about affirmative action. I have long had certain beliefs about this subject which were not for it at all. In reading in the text, I found the two words, reverse discrimination, which I felt would justify my stance. I have pretty much viewed this subject with blinders on since I first heard about it. After reading the posts by classmates and paying attention to what they had to say about it; my views shifted away from being biased towards affirmative action. I was able to read what they had posted and get a better understanding about the pros for affirmative action. Even though the group consensus for Unit 6 Case Study Issue B- Contemporary Discrimination was that Katie Sampson has the right to have the regents hear her proposal to have racial gender...
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... Apple defines the employment governance structure in the Supplier Code of Conduct and Ethics covering labor and human rights, health and safety, the environment, and ethics and management systems. Apple obliges its suppliers to respect the human rights of its workers, to inform the workers of their rights, and to treat them with dignity and respect. Apple requires from its suppliers that they prevent discrimination, involuntary and underage labor, excessive working hours and that they pay workers with wages and benefits in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. Apple implemented and enforced a strict Suppliers Code of Conduct to regulates and aligns suppliers internal operations; Apple have created a uniformed standard aimed at ensuring that suppliers maintains the same level of principles and value that its holds dear and true across it 18 final assembly facilities, over 764 suppliers, components manufacturers and those that represents at least 97% of its raw material sourcing and procurement worldwide. Apple states that the company “conducts business ethically, honestly, and in full compliance with all laws and regulations. This applies to every business decision in every area of the company worldwide” (Apple, 2014a, para. 1). Apple maintains extensive corporate policy documentation detailing its legal compliance approach on subjects such as anti-corruption, business conduct, corporate governance, and political contributions. CSR:Labor Practices: Employee...
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...Mentoring is the social foundation of research. The mentor has the opportunity to draw the best from the junior person by acting as an adviser, teacher, role model, motivator, and supportive advocate. Mentoring is an ideal way to pass ethical and professional values to others in the field. Institutions that pursue long-term development and growth must foster an encouraging, jointly supportive environment. A key element in that cultivation process is creating a mutually respectful relationship between mentor and trainee. Learning Objectives After reading this module, you should be able to: * Clarify the roles and responsibilities of mentors and those that they mentor. * Provide guidance to assist all who participate in research to avoid problems and to optimize the mentoring experience. * Describe barriers to mentoring, particularly for women and minority researchers, and potential solutions to these barriers. * Describe the importance of mentoring and the way in which mentoring occurs. ------------------------------------------------- Foundation Mentoring is one of the primary means for one generation of researchers to impart their knowledge to the next generations. More than textbooks and formal classes, the relatively informal dimensions of research, including the relationship between mentor and trainee, prepare the next generation of professionals. In her 1977 speech at the Nobel Banquet, prizewinner Rosalyn Yalow addressed the students of Stockholm, identifying...
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...es acculpa dolecae. Re nes eum nescimos inci dolum venihilitem ius, aut earchic ideriss equam, omnim nonet voles est quaere reptas am fugiatiis et rempelibus alibus. Ommost od et ulpa quid et mo blaut odi testios et, officia sitaqua sperum ipid qui blandaecus aperum dit vidis vollenda nimporr ovitatem nonet accusdaeris et aut earchilique porent. Itat odis nulpa se proreni sinciae. Ent eatur, coria voluptation ex et estionet remporporum quid ma culpa quate mincil moloria ndaestrunt. Minctas mi, tesciis delesti stiorrorest modipic iusdaniata nobit et lamet eum fuga. At rerspid itempor as quunt ationet omniendipis vendios con nulluptur, si deles pos magnam incid quos delique essequam nes dendis sae poremqui dit occabora in est, nimuscitiore di omnimodit quatum voluptas acerupit invenim inienimet volorecabo. Nam, ni omnis min res experio. Et omnimil lestruptate in est, ium volupis delest lique lab illoritatus. Henihit atiorestia dolor sit perspel endignis quo mod mincit quist fugit inci qui rehenis repero mo voles management in practice Riassi dentiumquam, officiis aligenihita nossimint. For Certificate IV BSB41013 and Diploma BSB50613 ly volorrum rehent officabo. Corio maiore ni ullore quis et quaecepremo et on Lisimaxi magnihicit esciendit que eratem. Non eos ipsam quo to maximagnam human resource management in practice e ese ped eveliquis il mi, ommolup tatinis etur sequiscienis autaque earibus. pl alitior estrund emquodiatur...
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...Knowledge Area Module VI Contemporary Issues and the Ethical Delivery of Health Services Student: Harold Taitt, harold.taitt@waldenu.edu Student ID # A00293212 Program: Ph.D. Health Services Specialization: Health Management and Policy Faculty Mentor: Dr. Robert Hoye, robert.hoye@waldenu.edu Faculty Assessor: Dr. Jim Goes, jim.goes@waldenu.edu Walden University May 10, 2013 Abstract Breadth Component In this age of rapidly evolving technological advances, many of the legal and ethical issues that are challenging the delivery of health care and the health care profession are new. As we confront the legal, moral, and ethical aspects of health care, we are seldom faced with decisions that require or are resolved by simple right or wrong answers (Edge & Kreiger, 1998). In the Breadth component of KAM VI, I focus on several ethical theories and how those theories influence the way ethical issues and concerns are addressed and managed in the allocation and delivery of health care services. I critically assess and evaluate those theories, concepts, and derivative principles as they impact important decisions and the implications of those decisions within the context of social change and with special emphasis on health care management and policy. In addition, I discuss the key assumptions on which the selected theories are constructed, compare and contrast the writers’ interpretations across theories, and conclude by providing a critical commentary on the merits of the selected...
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...CHAPTER SUMMARY – CHAPTER 1 – ETHICS IN THE WORLD OF BUSINESS Frequently, the ethically correct course of action is clear, and people in business act accordingly. Exceptions occur when there is uncertainty about ethical obligations in particular situations or when considerations of ethics come into conflict with the practical demands of business. In deciding on an ethical course of action, we can rely to some extent on the rules of right conduct that we employ in everyday life. However, business activity also has some features that might limit the applicability of our ordinary ethical views. One distinguishing feature of business is its economic character which can be summarized as the conduct of buyers and seller and employers and employees. A second distinguishing feature of business is that it typically takes place in organizations which is a hierarchical system of functionally defined positions designed to achieve some goal or set of goals. Because business involves economic relations and transactions that take place in markets and also in organizations, it raises ethical issues for which the ethics of everyday life has not prepared us. Decisions making occurs on several distinct levels: the level of the individual, the organization, and the business system. The level of the individual represents situations that confront them in the workplace and require them to make a decision about their own well-being. The level of the organization can be identified...
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...The Uses and Abuses of Agency Theory in Business Ethics The spectacular corporate scandals and bankruptcies of the past decade have served as a powerful reminder of the risks that are involved in the ownership of enterprise. Unlike other patrons of the firm, owners are residual claimants on its earnings.1 As a result, they have no explicit contract to protect their interests, but rely instead upon formal control of the decision-making apparatus of the firm in order to ensure that their interests are properly respected by managers. In a standard business corporation, it is the shareholders who stand in this relationship to the firm. Yet as the recent wave of corporate scandals has demonstrated once again, it can be extraordinarily difficult for shareholders to exercise effective control of management, or more generally, for the firm to achieve the appropriate alignment of interests between managers and owners. After all, it is shareholders who were the ones most hurt by the scandals at Enron, Tyco, Worldcom, Parmalat, Hollinger, and elsewhere. For every employee at Enron who lost a job, shareholders lost at least US$4 million.2 Furthermore, employees escaped with their human capital largely intact. Creditors and suppliers continue to pick over the bones of the corporation (which still exists, under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and continues to liquidate assets in order to pay off its debts).3 But as far as shareholders are concerned, their investments have simply evaporated...
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...Today’s Physical Therapist: A Comprehensive Review of a 21st-Century Health Care Profession Prepared by the American Physical Therapy Association January 2011 Foreword The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) created Today’s Physical Therapist: A Comprehensive Review of a 21st-Century Health Care Profession to provide accurate information for government entities and the public about the history, role, educational preparation, laws governing practice, standards of practice, evidence base of the profession, payment for physical therapy services, and workforce issues unique to the physical therapy profession. As government, private health care entities, and provider groups pursue solutions to the considerable health care provision challenges the United States faces, it is imperative that accurate information about the qualifications and roles of specific providers, in this case physical therapists, be available to inform all entities as they engage in these discussions. APTA is the national professional association representing more than 77,000 physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and students nationwide. The association acknowledges and thanks the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, the national organization representing 51 boards of physical therapy licensure, for input and assistance with this document. © 2011 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. i | American Physical Therapy Association Table of Contents ...
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...ENGINEERING ETHICS Concepts and Cases This page intentionally left blank F O U R T H ENGINEERING ETHICS Concepts and Cases g E D I T I O N CHARLES E. HARRIS Texas A&M University MICHAEL S. PRITCHARD Western Michigan University MICHAEL J. RABINS Texas A&M University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases, Fourth Edition Charles E. Harris, Michael S. Pritchard, and Michael J. Rabins Acquisitions Editor: Worth Hawes Assistant Editor: Sarah Perkins Editorial Assistant: Daniel Vivacqua Technology Project Manager: Diane Akerman Marketing Manager: Christina Shea Marketing Assistant: Mary Anne Payumo Marketing Communications Manager: Tami Strang Project Manager, Editorial Production: Matt Ballantyne Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: Cate Barr Print Buyer: Paula Vang Permissions Editor: Mardell Glinski-Schultz Production Service: Aaron Downey, Matrix Productions Inc. Copy Editor: Dan Hays Cover Designer: RHDG/Tim Heraldo Cover Image: SuperStock/Henry Beeker Compositor: International Typesetting and Composition c 2009, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution,...
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...7691 Fax: 215.573.2006 Email: dunfeet@wharton.upenn.edu. 2- The McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057 Phone: 202.687.5405 Fax: 202.687.4031 Email, smithn@gunet.georgetown.edu. 3- School of Business and Management, Temple University, Speakman Hall (006-00), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122 Phone: 215.204.8111 Fax: 215.204.6237 Email: rossw@sbm.temple.edu. Acknowledgements: The authors thank Thomas Donaldson, Diana Robertson and participants in the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Seminar at Georgetown University, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. Funding by the Carol and Lawrence Zicklin Center for Business Ethics Research and the Georgetown University School of Business summer research fund is gratefully acknowledged. Abstract This paper describes the need and the search to date for a normative moral foundation for marketing. Social contract theory appears promising because of its clear correspondence to the exchange relationships central to marketing thought and practice. It is introduced in a specific formulation known as Integrative Social Contracts Theory. ISCT provides a coherent framework for resolving ethical issues arising between different communities and is therefore particularly appropriate because marketers frequently engage in boundary-spanning relationships and crosscultural activities. The application of ISCT to ethical decision making in marketing is explored ...
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...Copyright © 2010 Dell Inc. How we win Our Code of Conduct “Winning with integrity means we operate legally and ethically, everywhere we are and in everything we do.” –Michael Dell A message from Michael Winning with integrity is one of Dell’s most important values. We all work hard every day to deliver technology solutions that enable people everywhere to grow and thrive. That’s our purpose, and it’s important. It’s equally important that the actions we take as we deliver on that purpose are transparent and honorable. We are very clear about what it means to win with integrity. It means we contribute our time, technology and know-how to improve the communities where we work and live. It means we are committed to helping our customers succeed—and growing our business—in ways that benefit the environment and society. We demand high performance and high standards. It also means we operate legally and ethically, everywhere we are and in everything we do. I expect us all to operate according to applicable laws and regulations, and in accordance with the letter and spirit of those laws. Our Code of Conduct, “How We Win,” provides guidance on how to follow laws and Dell policies, and also includes our general ethical principles. Our Code is global, so it applies to Dell team members in all roles, at all levels and in all locations. We also expect our agents and other third parties acting on our behalf to adhere to equally high standards. In addition, Dell leaders have a...
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