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Israelite Law Codes: A Social Analysis

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In this paper, I have argued that ANE and Israelite societies sought to provide protection to those in vulnerable positions due to political, economic, and social reasons. However, Israelite society provided a more profound ethical and moral agenda. First, I presented a brief sketch of underlying assumptions and considerations for these important and interconnected agendas for protecting vulnerable classes in the ancient Near Eastern and Israelite society. Second, I explored the ANE political and economic motivations proving that ANE law codes were meant to mitigate the situations of the “vulnerable classes”, a way of protection from further exploitation. I do not justify these law codes nor the privileged elite who wrote the law codes because they …show more content…
Thus, exploring the ancient Israelite law codes amidst the background of ancient Near Eastern law collections interspersed with theological reflections on God’s justice and loving kindness could offer pathways towards caring and protecting those in vulnerable positions in our modern society: the poor women and children, religious and racial minorities, minority women and children trafficked into sex, immigrants, and refugees or even the sickly elderly next door or any unknown other that we encounter daily. How are we to treat them? How are we to express our compassionate care. Such questions point as on how Micah summarized these ancient Israelite law codes in one verse: “…What does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God” (Micah 6:9, NRSV, bold mine). Additionally, it directs us to the simplicity of Jesus summarization of these ancient Israelite law codes: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself” (Mt. 22:38-9; Mk 12: 30-1; Lk.

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