...Волк одевает овечью шкуру: Корпоративная Cоциальная Ответственность со стороны Табачной Промышленности Профессор Жерар Гастингс Онкологический Научный центр Великобритании по исследованиям Табачного Контроля Бизнес как он есть Ключевым словом в формулировке Корпоративная Социальная Ответственность (КСО) является "корпоративная" потому что цель заключается в том, чтобы приносить пользу стабильность и успех корпоративному спонсору. Однако, несмотря на добрые намерения, крайне важно выявить неизбежные недоразумения. В случае с табачной промышленностью, отдачей для КСО становится респектабельность, законность и право продолжать производство, - и рост ее бизнеса. Иными словами, цена этому - больше курильщиков, больше зависимых и больше преждевременной смертности. Корпоративная Социальная Ответственность (также известная как заинтересованная сторона - «Стэйкехолдер» или причинно-связанный маркетинг), охватывает все виды деятельности корпорации - в том числе участие табачных многонациональных компаний - в управлении их взаимосвязью с широкой общественностью. Специальный доклад издания Экономист (Франклин 2008) делит эту деятельность на три слоя: Корпоративная благотворительность (пожертвование на добрые дела того или иного рода); управление рисками (щедрость, после некоторого ущерба репутации мероприятия, такие, как иск за контрабанду или причинения вреда потребителям) и стоимость создания (стратегическое использование хорошего стиля работы для создания конкурентных преимуществ). В...
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...with the use of the one cent coin, the penny. A small value coin almost worthless to the world of goods, but rings up a price when producing one. It costs twice as much as itself to make, and four billion of them are created a year. The US government dances around this problem and should have eliminate them back in 2006 when people were melting the copper and selling it for profit. This paper states several topics of why the penny only causes harm to US citizens and the economy. The obvious solution to fix a problem like this, simply abolish the penny as US currency, and round all cash transactions to the nearest fifth cent. Death of the Penny: The Elimination of America’s One Cent Coin and its Impact on The United States Economy “I will seriously consider eliminating the penny as long as we find another place for Lincoln to land,” the support of abolishing the penny from the most powerful man in America; President, Barack Obama. For over a hundred years people have paid for everyday goods with change, or coins. As inflation in the America rises, the value of coins diminishes. (Inflation Figures). Take the penny for example; commonly known as the copper coin has hardly any copper to it. Created with ninety-seven percent zinc and only two and a half percent copper, the penny doesn’t truly stand up to its expectations. Based on the 2011 Annual Report for US Mints, the cost to make a single penny runs around 2.41 cents. Studies have shown...
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...is made out of. It is a coin that cost more to make than it is worth. The crux problem with the penny, in the modern economy, is that it will buy you nothing. Since nobody has the time to do a sales tax calculation in their head while waiting in line to buy their products, and even if you did the time would not be worth digging through your pockets, or purse, for exact change. No state will accept pennies in bulk and very few machines still take pennies. The only reasonable thing to do with pennies is store them in a giant glass jar and then dump them in a Coinstar, a machine that charges you 10% to spend money that you already have. The penny, at this point in time, manages to be both extremely useless and impractical, it is a Congressional gaffe that the penny is still being made. Making the penny is not cost effective, and pennies do not get used anyway. The penny is currently an out of date, economical blunder. As you probably know the penny is worth exactly a hundredth of a US dollar. This is all well and good, except the fact that it takes one and one half a cent more to make a penny. This means every time the U.S. Mint produces one penny it wastes one and a half cents. This may seem insignificant, however, according to the U.S. Mint almost 5 billion pennies were produced in 2011 alone. That is 50 million dollars in pennies, at a cost of 7.5 billion dollars, so in just 2011 taxpayers lost 7.5 billion dollars just to make pennies. In the scope of government this may not...
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...packaging nails so that you make the most profit possible (this is a profit maximizing problem). Say you have six types of nails and can make as many as you need of each. These nails are in 4-inch, 3.5-inch, 3-inch, 2.5-inch, 2-inch, and 1.5-inch nails. The cost of making each type of nail depends on how big a nail it is. Those cost and selling prices are listed in the table below along with the weights. The nails will be sold in boxes of up to 30 nails. There must be no more than 10, but no less than 5, of each of three types of nails in each box. The nails in each box should weigh no more than 20 ounces. You're looking for the combination with the highest profit using a trial-and-error method. A spreadsheet would be helpful for completing this project. You'll most likely find that you identify some promising paths to follow right away and will concentrate on those to reach the best one. |Nail |Weight |Cost |Selling price | |4 inch |1 oz |4 cents |8 cents | |3.5 Inch |0.85 oz |3,5 cents |7 cents | |3 inch |0.7 oz |3 cents |6 cents | |2.5 inch |0.5 oz |2.5 cents |4 cents | |2 inch |0.25 oz |2 cents |3 cents | |1.5 inch |0.1 oz |1.5 cents |2 cents | ...
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...music is a product of the poverty and violence, which people experience on the street, and many rappers are striving to achieve respect, money and fame through a rap music career. In the article “Is this rap’s logical conclusion” from 2003, the journalist presents the life story of 50 cent, a rapper who’s achieved all three elements: respect, money and fame. In the article, we are confronted with his horrible circumstances as a child, in which he was forced to live the life of a drug dealer. We hear the stories of his being shot, of selling drugs before he was a teenager, and of how he wrote a platinum hit-song in just under an hour. Throughout the article, the journalist is present in the text as he provides subjective observations. He conveys his own personal view of 50 cent’s life, and tells us how “he can flip the switch between being a though guy to a soft-spoken choirboy” (p. 3 l. 34-35). This is interesting for the reader because it sounds like the journalist is sitting in the presence of 50 cent, while making observations. The journalist is therefor bringing the readers into the conversation. In the article, the journalist chooses to show the readers how 50 cent has had a rough childhood. He speaks about how 50 cent’s mother was killed, how he used to sell drugs and earn 5000 dollars a day when...
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...The size of the budget with an outlay of Tk 2.22 trillion, although 16 per cent bigger in scale compared to the previous one, is not necessarily a big jump. Can we call this budget overambitious? Perhaps not, because the economy could reach close to the target if the unprecedented violence and shutdowns by political masterminds did not jeopardise the economic potential from the outset of this calendar year. Nevertheless, the fact that growth could cross the 6 per cent mark is no mean achievement. Now the budget's big public investment plan of Tk.722 billion can be seen as a positive instrument for economic expansion in the next fiscal year to tap the unrealised potentials for attracting more private investment. The revenue target of Tk. 1.74 trillion, a point-to-point growth of 20 per cent, seems to be a bit unrealistic even though NBR has performed well in the recent past by well-achieving the successive targets. Nevertheless, this year the NBR went through considerable stress in attaining target because of lower economic mobility, particularly in the second half of the outgoing fiscal due mainly to political upheavals. The first half of the upcoming fiscal year will be basically election period, which may further experience uncertainty in the political sphere leading to less revenue while the next half would be a period of restoration for the new government. On the whole, attaining 21 plus per cent growth of NBR-regulated revenue, foreign grant...
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...a substantial portion of its energy — 80 per cent of its oil, 18 per cent of its gas, and now even 23 per cent of its coal. As the Indian economy continues to grow, so will its energy consumption, especially as the growth of its manufacturing sector catches up with services and agriculture. With domestic resource production facing various challenges, the general expectation has been that Indian energy imports will continue to grow, and energy security concerns will intensify. The outlook and options for Indian energy independence therefore becomes an important topic. A 2030 outlook is particularly relevant since it is difficult to significantly change energy policy in 5 or 10 years, but almost any boundary conditions can be changed over a 15-year period. Moreover, there have been few if any, in-depth perspectives on this topic for 2030. This white paper builds off the ‘2030 Global Energy Perspective’, McKinsey’s substantial body of research on energy demand and supply, and our understanding of the evolution of the global and Indian energy sectors. We have tried to address some of the basic questions that arise about Indian energy in 2030: Is India’s current energy trajectory sustainable, as is or with some adjustments? To what extent can India aim to achieve energy independence by 2030? What opportunities does India have to increase domestic energy supply and curb demand over and above the current trajectory? How can we make the most of the new global supply dynamics and...
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...inflation rates, interest rates, exchange rates, and rates of unemployment. When making an international investment these factors must all be considered as well as the economic growth rates in both countries and also the economic outlook for the country to be invested in. economic cycles are often predictable and by taking a look at the trends over the last three years it is possible to make a reasonable prediction of how the economy will unfold in the following years. Despite all of this, it is impossible for exact predictions so when making a recommendation, the element of risk must always be made clear. Investment always poses a risk. International investment compounds this risk by adding factors of varying inflation rates, interest rates, exchange rates, and rates of unemployment. When making an international investment these factors must all be considered as well as the economic growth rates in both countries and also the economic outlook for the country to be invested in. economic cycles are often predictable and by taking a look at the trends over the last three years it is possible to make a reasonable prediction of how the economy will unfold in the following years. Despite all of this, it is impossible for exact predictions so when making a recommendation, the element of risk must always be made clear. Investing in a South African supermarket is a good idea. There are several factors that must be considered first of course but right off the bat it seems the pros outweigh...
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...543. But on Friday, it fell sharply to Rs 1,475. Prior to this, in August 2007, CBoP was merged with Lord Krishna Bank. * 2008 HDFC Bank acquired Centurion Bank of Punjab. The swap ratio is expected to be around 1:25-30,” said a banking source. The merger will make HDFC Bank the country’s seventh largest bank after Bank of India (BoI) and ahead of IDBI Bank, from the current 10th position. The merger talks between the two banks began in January 2008 after the principal shareholders of CBoP – Bank Muscat with 14.02 per cent stake, Sabre Capital with 3.48 per cent stake and Kephinance Investment (Mauritius) with 6.13 per cent — decided to exit. 1) HDFC Bank Board on 25th February 2008 approved the acquisition of Centurion Bank of Punjab (CBoP) for Rs 9,510 crore. BENEFITS FROM THIS DEAL * The HDFC Bank, which currently spans India with its chain of 746 branches, will add to itself 394 branches of the CBoP to itself, to make its network bigger and stronger. The merger talks between the two banks began in January 2008, after the principal shareholders of CBoP – Bank Muscat with 14.02 per cent stake, Sabre Capital with 3.48 per cent stake and the Kephinance Investment (Mauritius) with 6.13 per cent stake decided to move away from this partnership. * The HDFC Bank is further expected to pay Rs 100 billion to Rs 120 billion in shares for acquiring the CBoP. In what claims to be the largest ever private bank merger, the share swap ratio stands at 1:29, that is...
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...Branding has become an integral element in our daily lives. From deciding which brand of soft drink to purchase, to which restaurant to visit or sports shoes to buy, branding plays an influential role in our decision making. With the power of branding so persuasive, it is no surprise it also plays a role in which company we choose to work for. When an engineer considers future employers, a certain firm instantaneously comes to mind. When a teacher looks for work, certain schools set the standard. When an accountant seeks a move, certain firms are approached before others. This is the power of employment branding and is a major differentiator in the recruitment marketplace. But it's clearly not about the "logo". Our survey demonstrates that what most of us perceive as important, i.e. the "look and feel" is not what we should be primarily focused on. Rather, the message needs to be more complete - the culture, values and environment are of much greater interest to potential employees. Perhaps even more significantly, it is also about more subtle marketing. What other employees, trusted friends and associates SAY about a company is far more powerful than what appears in the ad. This is why it is so critical that the experience for employees is right in the first place - which has a double positive in that it increases retention as well as creating the right mindset for them to promote the company to others. This subtle marketing has far reaching effects - those organisations...
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...4 Trends and issues related to online retailing Key Points Online shopping in Australia is becoming more prominent. – Official ABS statistics are not produced for domestic and overseas online retail sales in Australia. – Market analysts estimate that the domestic online share of total retail sales in Australia is between 3 and 7 per cent. The Commission considers the share to be at the lower bound of these estimates at 4 per cent. – Overseas online sales account for around a third of total online sales. That is, around 2 per cent of total retail sales are being spent on overseas websites. – Domestic and overseas online sales account for 6 per cent of total retail spending in Australia in 2010 which equates to $12.6 billion. By comparison, market analysts estimate the online share of retail sales in the United Kingdom and the United States at 11 per cent and 8 per cent respectively. Official estimates for the online share in the United Kingdom and United States are lower at 9 and 5 per cent respectively. – Online sales in Australia are projected to grow by between 10 and 15 per cent per annum over the next three years. New electronic devices including mobile phones with internet capability are stimulating further growth in online sales. Australian consumers are attracted to online shopping due to three main factors — lower prices, convenience and a wider range of goods to choose from compared to those available from bricks and mortar retailers. Online...
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...sample. An example of a non-profitable sample could be dimensional sampling this is an extension to quota sampling. The researcher takes into account several characteristics e.g. gender, age, income, residence and education. An example of a profitable sample could be systematic random sampling. With the systematic random sample, there is an equal chance (probability) of selecting each unit (every nth person) from within the population when creating the sample. For my research I've chosen to use a non-profitable sampling methods simply because I am targeting young people on how music influences them. So I have specific age groups (16-19), which are allowed to answer the questionnaire in order to make my research more reliable. With my questions I've used four different methods in order to make my questionnaires more do able and reliable. I used opened questionnaires, which allows my samples to elaborate on their answers. I've also used closed question such as 'do you listen to music?’ as yes or no question are easy to tally up. I've used scaled questions in order to easily tally up and give general quantitative data and finally I have also used dichotomous which is the use fixed-alternative questions that can only be answered in one of the two indicated ways, such as 'A' or 'B', Agree or Disagree, True or False, Yes or No. This help is gaining quantitative and qualitative data. The questionnaires tally chart From my research...
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...A Study on Purchase Pattern of Cosmetics among Consumers in Kerala Dr. Vinith Kumar Nair* Dr. Prakash Pillai R* Introduction Understanding behaviour of consumers is a key to the success of business organizations. Marketing personnel are constantly analyzing the patterns of buying behaviour and purchase decisions to predict the future trends. Consumer behaviour can be explained as the analysis of how, when, what and why people buy. Consumer behavior can be understood as: "The decision process and physical activity individuals engage in when evaluating, acquiring, using, or disposing of goods and services." (Loudon and Della Bitta, 1980). Nowadays, this phenomenon, can also be illustrated in the following way: "activities people undertake when obtaining, consuming, and disposing of products and services" (Blakwell, Minard and Engel, 2001). A study by Voss and Parasuraman (2003) suggests that the purchase preference is primarily determined by price than quality during pre-purchase evaluation. Given explicit quality information, price had no effect on pre-purchase or post-consumption quality perceptions. Instead, post consumption quality evaluations had a favorable impact on price evaluations. Another study by Chernev (1997) analyzed the effect of common features on brand choice and the moderating role of attribute importance. It is argued that when brand attributes differ in importance, with the best value on the most important attribute, thus further polarizing brands’ choice shares...
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...-21 | 5 | 9 | 26 | 2) You bought one of the Great White Shark Repellant Co’s 8 per cent coupon bonds one year ago for $1030. These bonds make annual payments and mature six years from now. Suppose you decide to sell your bonds today ,when the required return on the bonds is 7 per cent .If the inflation rate was 4.2 per cent over the past year ,what was your total real return on investment ? 3) A stock has had returns of 3 per cent ,38 per cent , 21 per cent ,-15 per cent ,29 per cent and -13 percent over the last six years. What are the arithmetic and geometric returns for the stock ? 4) A stock has had the following year end prices and dividends .Calculate the arithmetic and geometric returns for the stock ? Year | Price | Dividend | 1 | $60.18 | | 2 | 73.66 | $0.60 | 3 | 94.18 | 0.64 | 4 | 89.35 | 0.72 | 5 | 78.49 | 0.80 | 6 | 95.05 | 1.20 | Risk Return and Security Market Line 1) Based on the following information , calculate the expected return and standard deviation for the two stocks : Rate of Return if State Occurs State of Economy | Probability of state of economy | Stock A | Stock B | Recession | 0.15 | 0.05 | -0.17 | Normal | 0.65 | 0.08 | 0.12 | Boom | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 2) You own a stock portfolio invested 25 per cent in Stock Q , 20 per cent in stock R ,15 per cent in stock S, and 40 percent in Stock T. The betas for these four stocks are 0.84,1.17,1.11 and...
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... return("purple") else: if a or b == "red" and a or b == "yellow" and a != b: return("orange") else: if a or b == "blue" and a or b == "yellow" and a != b: return("purple") else: return("Error: Please enter two different primary colors.") main() 8. Change for a Dollar Game Design a change-counting game that gets the user to enter the number of coins required to make exactly one dollar. The program should ask the user to enter the number of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. If the total value of the coins entered is equal to one dollar, the program should congratulate the user for winning the game. Otherwise, the program should display a message indicating whether the amount entered was more than or less than one dollar. def change_to_cents(pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters): cents = pennies cents += nickels*5 cents += dimes*10 cents += quarters*25 return cents def display_change(pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters): print...
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