...ABSTRACT This historical study focused on the life of Lavinia Lloyd Dock as a reformer in nursing and social movements during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Lavinia Dock was devoted to the ideals of freedom and justice for oppressed individuals. Her contributions as a reformer focused on the professionalization of nursing and the equality of women. She was among the early group of nurses who were committed to professionalizing nursing through development of organizations, improved educational standards, and registration. She gave her support, talents, and writing abilities to all of these early efforts to place nursing on a professional level. But she was also interested in the condition of woman as citizen and worker. Her early experiences with poor working women and providing nursing in the slums of New York City broadened her views to include women as a group for reform. Most of Lavinia Dock's contributions to nursing and to improving women's lives are known. over time are less evident. However, the specifics of her development Her words can give a clearer idea of her progress as she moved from reformer of nursing to social reformer of woman's condition. She believed that women ii had to have equal citizenship, if they were going to improve their lives and the conditions of society. I have attempted to give some chronological sequence to the presentation of what she believed and did. I have used her published writings and personal letters...
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...Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 23, pp. 523–527 Printed in Canada. All rights reserved. 0896-8608/03 $3.00 + .00 Copyright © 2003 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis IS MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM STILL RELEVANT? T reestablishing medical professionalism in the new environment (1). PROFESSION, PROFESSIONAL, AND PROFESSIONALISM: DEFINITIONS Profession is a “calling requiring specialized knowledge obtained after a long and intensive academic preparation” (Webster’s dictionary). However, the concept of profession is linked to an ethical ideal without which it cannot exist. This ideal requires an effacement of self-interest when it is required for the good of the person seeking assistance. Clearly, a profession is much more than a job. It is more an identity. Individuals give much of themselves to their professions and they receive much in return. The giving, however, always precedes and supersedes the receiving (6,7). Professional is the individual conforming to the technical and ethical standards of the profession, and exhibiting a courteous, conscientious, and generally business-like manner in the workplace. Particular obligations of the professional include respect of the individual’s human worth, trustworthiness, and protection of important values (8). As professionals, physicians should profess their values (2). They do so when they recite the Hippocratic oath, which stresses the importance of acquisition of knowledge and skills...
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...PRINCIPAL ARGUMENTS AGAINST POLICE LABOR UNIONS ARE EXAMINED. ARGUMENTS THAT POLICE UNIONS ARE ILLEGAL, COMPROMISE THE NEUTRALITY OF OFFICERS, NEGATE PROFESSIONALIZATION, AND POLITICIZE POLICE ARE APPRAISED. Abstract: THE ARGUMENT THAT POLICE ADMINISTRATORS HAVE UTILIZED POPULAR ANTI-UNION MISCONCEPTIONS TO LEGITIMIZE THEIR OPPOSITION TO UNIONS IS CONSIDERED BY THE AUTHOR TO HAVE SOME VALIDITY. IN ANSWER TO THE CHARGE THAT UNIONS ARE ILLEGAL, THE AUTHOR POINTS OUT THAT MEMBERSHIP IN AND THE ACTIVITIES OF UNIONS ARE RAPIDLY BECOMING ACCEPTABLE BY STATUTE OR CASE LAW. FURTHER, IT IS POINTED OUT THAT STRIKES OR OTHER FORMS OF WORK STOPPAGES COULD WELL BE ORGANIZED BY ANY POLICE FRATERNAL OR BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATION, NOT ONLY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF UNION AFFILIATION. AGAINST THE CHARGE THAT UNION AFFILIATION WOULD UNDERMINE POLICE NEUTRALITY, THE AUTHOR REASONS THAT AN OFFICER'S NEUTRALITY WILL BE COMPROMISED BY A UNION ONLY WHERE HE OR SHE IS NOT INSTILLED WITH THE IMPORTANCE OF PERFORMING LAW ENFORCEMENT DUTIES. IT IS ARGUED THAT THE CAUSE OF POLICE PROFESSIONALIZATION WILL NOT BE UNDERMINED BY UNION OPERATIONS, BECAUSE, IT IS SAID, UNIONS OPERATE ON THE LOCAL LEVEL OF ECONOMIC NEEDS WHILE PROFESSIONALIZATION OPERATES ON THE NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL PLACE OF OCCUPATIONAL INTERESTS. THE AUTHOR CONSIDERS THAT ALL POLICE ORGANIZATIONS, WHETHER UNION OR UNAFFILIATED ARE INVOLVED IN PARTISAN POLITICS. THE AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGES THAT UNION AFFILIATION WOULD CREATE ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS...
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...often regard themselves as administrators, rather than leaders. As wardens become more educated, the formal structure of modern prisons is likely to resemble a large, private organization with an established hierarchy and defined responsibilities. When governments confine people, they assume certain responsibilities toward them, including provision of constitutional living conditions, thus avoiding law suits and court interventions. Other management issues, such as classification, custody, and control, are also a high priority for modern prisons. During the last several decades, there has been a move toward professionalization in—moving from custody to control to care. Achieving scientific, uniform, and successful administration of public punishment through professional development is the goal of the American Correctional Association. In this professionalization effort, issues such prison health care, privatization, and diversity of incarcerated populations are the frequent focus of correctional studies. This Week in Relation to the Course This week, you focus on the functions, policies, and procedures of corrections. There are many critical pretrial functions that are considered a part of the correctional process. Correctional personnel assist in...
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...often regard themselves as administrators, rather than leaders. As wardens become more educated, the formal structure of modern prisons is likely to resemble a large, private organization with an established hierarchy and defined responsibilities. When governments confine people, they assume certain responsibilities toward them, including provision of constitutional living conditions, thus avoiding law suits and court interventions. Other management issues, such as classification, custody, and control, are also a high priority for modern prisons. During the last several decades, there has been a move toward professionalization in—moving from custody to control to care. Achieving scientific, uniform, and successful administration of public punishment through professional development is the goal of the American Correctional Association. In this professionalization effort, issues such prison health care, privatization, and diversity of incarcerated populations are the frequent focus of correctional studies. This Week in Relation to the Course This week, you focus on the functions, policies, and procedures of corrections. There are many critical pretrial functions that are considered a part of the correctional process. Correctional personnel assist in...
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...What Is Governance? High-quality government It has four approaches: (1) procedural measures, such as the Weberian criteria of bureaucratic modernity; (2) capacity measures, which include both resources and degree of professionalization (3) output measures (4) measures of bureaucratic autonomy. Introduction To measure governance, includes an elaboration of the issue's complexity and the confused state of current discussions. In other words, everyone is interested in studying political institutions that limit or check power—democratic accountability and rule of law— but very few people pay attention to the institution that accumulates and uses power, the state. The relative emphasis on checking institutions rather than power-deploying institutions is evident in the governance measures that have been developed in recent years. The Varieties of Democracy project is also collecting data on bureaucratic quality based on expert surveys. Other bureaucratic quality measures include the Bertelsmann Transformation Index which “focuses on how effectively policymakers facilitate and steer development and transformation processes,” and the proprietary Political Risk Service’s Group (PRSG) International Country Risk Guide The existing measures of state quality or capacity have a number of limitations. There is an inherent weakness in expert surveys, especially when trying to create time-series data. Since the concept of good governance is not well established...
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...PRESENTATION PAPER IN TEACHING PROFESSION SUBMITTED TO: TEODORA L. RAPADAS, Ed.D. SUBMITTED BY: ARSENAL, CRESBEL BERAQUE, ROWENA BUENO, IVY DONGALLO, KENT GALLEGOS, ARNOLD INBENTAN, IMELDA LIGANAN, EDSON OCHEA, RAZEL VILLEJO, COLEEN GAY I. PROPONENTS ▪ Arsenal, Cresbel ▪ Beraque, Rowena ▪ Bueno, Ivy ▪ Dongallo, Kent ▪ Gallegos, Arnold ▪ Inbentan, Imelda ▪ Liganan, Edson ▪ Ochea, Razel ▪ Otum, Cherry ▪ Villejo, Coleen Gay II. TOPICS The Teaching Profession Chapter Four – Pages 166-183 The Professionalization of Teaching Lesson 1 – Basic Laws on the Professionalization of Teaching 1. – Presidential Decree No. 1006 2. – Republic Act No. 7836 3. – Republic Act No. 9293 III. INTODUCTION “Ang Kabataan ang pag-asa ng Bayan”, these are the words uttered by our great National Hero Dr. Jose P. Rizal. Indeed, all children have the potential to do great things, provided they are given the right opportunities to succeed and the right people to help them achieve greatness. The Philippine Education System greatly relies upon teachers to educate young minds and mold them to be productive and morally upright citizens of the nation. Aside from parents, teachers are considered to be...
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.... The Professionalization of Teaching 2. “The policy goals should be to ensure that all children have access to skillful teachers to make the teaching profession more attractive to talented young adults, and to produce humane and intellectually lively learning communities for both students and teachers.” Linda Darling-Hammond 3. Presidential Decree No. 1006 “PROVIDING FOR THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF TEACHERS, REGULATING THEIR PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES” 4. Presidential Decree No. 1006 Section 1. TITLE “Decree Professionalizing Teaching” Section 2. DECLARATION OF POLICY It is hereby declared a policy that teacher education shall be given primary concern and attention by the government and shall be of the highest quality, and strongly oriented to Philippine conditions and to the needs and aspirations of the Filipino people even as it seeks enrichment from adaptable ideas and practices of other people. Section 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS a. Teaching b. Teacher c. Board 5. Presidential Decree No. 1006 Section 4. CREATION OF THE NATIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHERS 1. Secretary of Education and Culture 2. Chairman, Civil Service Commission 3. Commissioner, Professional Regulations Commission 4. Two members representing the private sector to be appointed by the President Section 5. POWERS AND DUTIES Section 6. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXAMINATION APPLICANTS Section 7. APPOINTMENT OF EXAMINEER 6. Presidential Decree No. 1006 Section 8. SCOPE OF THE EXAMINATION (Written...
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...Sources of Police Culture and Factors that go into the Development of Field’s Culture Sources of police culture are derived from the hazards of police work (Paoline, 2003, p. 202). In summary, Paoline, (2003) states that the significance of understanding police culture rests in the role that it plays in their environments. There are two main environments police officers deal with on an everyday basis. These are occupational environment and organizational environment. Occupational environment consists of the officer’s relationship to society. Organizational environment consists of the officer’s relationship to the formal organization. Ultimately, both occupational environment and organizational environment contribute to police culture: social isolation and loyalty (pp. 199-205) Factors that go into the development of the occupational culture As previously stated, occupational environment deals with the officer’s relationship with society. The most widely cited elements of this environment are the presence or potential for danger and the license to legitimately use coercion. The danger and the given coercive authority create stress and anxiety for the officers. Thus, they have to resource to coping mechanisms such as suspiciousness and maintaining the edge. In an effort to reduce or control the uncertainty associated with the dangers of the job, officers are said to be suspicious actors. Not only are officers suspicious of the general public but they are also suspicious of...
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...Commission on Accreditation in Corrections (CAC). The accreditation program offers public and private organizations performing correctional functions the opportunity to evaluate their operations against national standards, to remedy deficiencies, and to upgrade the quality of correctional programs and services (Foster, 2006). Foster (2006) stated “professionalization has to do with gaining professional status for persons working in corrections” (p.176). The professional development of corrections officers is truly affected by the corrections accreditation. They work toward obedience within the standards that represent professional practices. There are millions of people who work in the jail and prisons system for adults and juveniles. Some of those public employees work in non-secure supervision such as parole and probation. Probation and parole officers have to show their professionalism when working with their clients, and within the jail and prison system correctional officers have to do the same thing as well, but it could be consider different kind of professionalism. Industry leaders can plan for better correctional officer professionalization and...
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...Lindsay Mount MHL 143 Dr. Ferguson 16 August 2014 The Evolution and Culture of Flamenco Music Flamenco style has evolved drastically over the past century. Flamenco essentially was born from the interaction between gypsy and non-gypsy Andalusians of Spain. The history of oppression and changes in political thought has all contributed to the changes in the role of flamenco in the last 100 years. Currently due to tourism and the popularity of flamenco professionalization has risen out of this popularity. A plethora of public performances and concerts are found in Spain today, carrying on the history of the Andalusia people for all to experience (Manuel 47). Flamenco is a strain of Spanish folk music and dance that stems from the region of Andalusia, closely associated with the Romani people of Spain (Gurza E1). This rich development of dance and music has evolved over the last 100 years and beautifully captures the culture of this region by showing differences in its role for the people (Manuel 47). The old role of flamenco music in Spain was essentially used by the lower classes and persecuted gypsies of Andalusia (Washabaugh 51). It was a “cry of pain” for the suffering gypsies and of all the lower classes (Manuel 48). I observed the emotional nature of the music from my visit to the Musical Instrument Museum. The poetic nature of the lyrics was easily heard in my experience in the Spain exhibit. The use of the music was only for the lower classes of Andalusia but...
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...twenty-five all demonstrate how gender plays a key role in professions. It is often the characteristics or expected traits that females posses that have an overall influence on the job duties or tasks assigned to them. Throughout these chapters stereotypes have put limitations on both the opportunities for women and their ability to seek professional power. Women have had to overcome many barriers regarding their physical and emotional abilities with regards to both society and the workforce. Chapter twenty-one seeks to demonstrate how the influence of gender affects the professionalization of teaching. Throughout the text, it is evident that men dominated the teaching profession as proposed by Hearn and Witz. Although teaching did evolve from a male occupation to a female profession, it stated that males dominated the bureaucratic structures that ultimately governed these female professions. Professionalization impacted wage levels for both sexes however men still upheld higher earnings. Abott viewed that gender had little significance in the formation of professions and acts only as a following variable. However, this can be proved otherwise; between the 18th and 19th century many female teachers were introduced to the system and significant changes occurred in the structuring and content of materials taught. As stated in the text, high moral character, disregard for material gain, limited intellectual capacity, and their natural love for children were the four innate qualities...
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...Social Work and Social Reform: An Arena of Struggle Mimi Abramovitz The profession of social work has the potential both to meet individual needs and to engage in social change. However, the profession’s position between the individual and society often forces practitioners to choose between adjusting people and programs to circumstances or challenging the status quo. The twin pressures of containment and change have made social work an arena of struggle since its origins in the late 19th century. In honor of social work’s centennial, this article examines the sources of the profession’s prochange mandate and the structural factors that limit social work’s ability to pledge itself to this stance permanently and recommends some steps social workers can take to recommit the profession to greater activism. Special attention is given to documenting the long but largely ignored history of social work activism. Key words: activism; history; professionalism; social reform; social work T he twin pressures of containment and change have plagued social work since its origins in the late 19th century. The profession can boast of a long history of progressive activism directed to individual and social change. At the same time, observers within and outside social work have often accused the profession of serving as a handmaiden of the status quo. This contradiction has made the social work profession a site of ongoing struggle. Although often difficult, the battles...
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...Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Paper Serena Valenzuela CJS/230 December 16, 2012 Josephine Kerr Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Paper According to Foster (2006) accreditations allow a company to comply with national values. Correctional officers are certified to comply with accreditation. Leaders can always improve professionalization and accreditation. Privatization is a private owned prison usually by individuals or stock holders. State and federal prisons are slighted affected by privatization and hold contracts with state and federal prisons. “What professionalism is to individuals working in the field, accreditation is to organizations—a movement toward higher standards (Foster, pg 180,2006).” According to Foster (2006) corrections accreditation started in 1978. According to Foster (2006) being a part of accreditation is an ongoing process of evaluations for operations against the national standards, solve deficiencies, and improvement on programs and services. According to Foster (2006) accreditation is to measure a company’s compliance with countrywide accepted values. According to Foster (2006) the ACA provides a process that starts with an application leading to a complete audit and approval or denial. The accreditation is good for three years then another audit will be completed again to make sure the company is staying in compliance with the accreditation. According to Foster (2006) this system is a verification process to comply...
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...to government, but now it shift become people to people. Although communication between country leaders still important, but being a government official no longer gives special status as they had before in the past. Nowadays, it become corporations, civil society groups, cultural movements and the most important, ideas, which have no national boundaries that shape our lives. Another changes that technology brings to how diplomacy is practiced today is due to death of secrecy, for example the existence of WikiLeaks, then the snowden case. In diplomatic academies today they have been taught to be more careful when write something in a diplomatic cable. Last point is technology making diplomacy become more dynamic, exciting, increased professionalization and specialization, and creative profession. (Aharoni, 2015) Since the existence of internet, the process of transmitting information become less costly, nowadays, academic experts, diasporic ethnic communities, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and individuals are using the Internet to create their own global platforms and political influence. Then the new information sources that created from advanced technology brings not only benefits but also challenge to the practice of diplomacy itself. Although it is true that technology makes diplomacy become more efficient and effective but governments nowadays can no longer rely exclusively only on formal intelligence reports, diplomatic cables, and in-house experts, instead they must...
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