Premium Essay

It Takes a Nation of Millions

In:

Submitted By carlyoung70
Words 19872
Pages 80
It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back: The War on Drugs, Mass Incarceration, and a Call to Action for America's Black Youth
By
Carl L. Young

An Alternative Plan Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree Master of Science
In
Sociology: Corrections

Minnesota State University, Mankato
Mankato, Minnesota
Spring 2013
Final Draft 4/20/2013

1

This Alternative Plan Paper has been examined and approved by the following members of the Examining Committee.

_____________________
Dr. Leah Rogne, Advisor
_____________________
Dr. William Wagner
_____________________
Dr. Penny Jo Rosenthal
_____________________
Dr. Nadarajan Sethuraju

________________
Date

2

Abstract
This alternative plan paper examines the circumstances that have evolved as a result of the Reagan Administration’s War on Drugs and the increase of mass incarceration of the Black community. In the last thirty years, the federal government of the United States of America has engaged in campaign known as the “War on Drugs,” which has involved a variety of policies to stop the production, distribution and sale of illegal narcotics. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war that has targeted the most vulnerable in our society, impacting its youth for generations to come.
This alternative plan paper addresses the impact of the War on Drugs and the criminal justice policies that have impacted the life chances of Black youth nationwide and calls for a new social movement, introducing a 21st century Black Youth Manifesto to ask the youth of the Black community to pick up where previous social movements left off and take back their communities, their families, and reclaim their hope for the future.

3

Table of Contents
Abstract . . . .
Chapter One: Introduction
 My Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
 Strain and

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Wwii

...States conquered the entire world market of food and industry. Germany, Japan, and Italy became anxious to expand and increase their power, and they felt as though they were at a disadvantage in trying to compete with other countries for world markets. These three nations felt that other nations unjustly controlled the majority of the world’s wealth. As a result, they began to find lands to take over that they believed to be their cut of the world’s resources. In helping on doing so, military leaders in Japan took over the government, and Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany. By 1939, there was an all out war in Europe (“Stanovov,” 2000). In America, people were divided on their opinions of the United States involvement in the war. Most wanted the Allied nations to prevail; however, they also wanted the U.S. to stay out of the war. Others wanted to the U.S. to help the Allies at all costs (“Stanovov,” 2000). Being cautious, the United States started building its armed forces and began giving aid to the Allied nations by way of sale or loan. As a result, the U.S. sent over $50 billion dollars of war material to the Allies. The U.S. military numbers increased significantly; 6 million in the Army; 3.4 million in the Navy; 2.4...

Words: 1764 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Social Insecurity

...some economy issues during U.S. economy recovery. Social security will post nearly $600 billion in deficits over the next decade as the economy struggles to recover and millions of baby boomers stand at the brink of retirement, according to new congressional projections, (Ohlemancher, 2011). The funds that Social Security has save to payout their beneficiaries have an expiration date. In the upcoming years more people will be eligible for retirement, however, many of them will only be pay 78 percent of their benefits, (Ohlemancher, 2011). The government needs to find solutions for the upcoming deficits and be able to help Social Security Administration to no run out of funds. Issues In 2011, Social security administration will collect about 4.6 million retirement, survivor, and Medicare claims. 3.3 million Social Security and SSI claims and 326,000 SSI aged claims, (Social Security, 2011). These claims have to go to procedures that can take months to be approval. During these procedures, many more applicants are eligible to apply for social security and more money is pay to beneficiaries. In 2011, social security will collect $45 million less in payroll that it pays out in retirement, disability and survivor benefits, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, (Ohlemacher, 2011). 54 million people receive retirement, disability or survivor benefits with an average payment of $1,076 a month, (Ohlemacher, 2011). Social Security Administration has being able to...

Words: 931 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Pollution

...Third World nations, pollution is unrestricted. Countless other environmental problems are also not addressed by the government. Usually, creating and enforcing environmental regulations would be economically disastrous for a poor country. As a result, it is forced to choose between buying food and having a clean environment. Often, rich Western countries take advantage of the dilemma of Third World countries. They dump garbage and hazardous waste in developing countries. First World companies might also build plants, which emit considerable pollution, in Third World nations to avoid the regulations these companies would face at home. Some transnational corporations that produce chemicals deemed overly dangerous in the First World find a market in the Third World. There, governments cannot restrict usage of these chemicals because it would be too costly to citizens trying to make a living. Countries in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia are the greatest victims of this environmental inequality. In addition to problems created by development and industrialization, poorer nations also suffer environmental difficulties caused by poverty and war, among other causes. Many environmental problems arise in the Third World. Air pollution, water pollution , deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, and poisoning of the environment are among the largest of these. Third World nations are aware of these problems and are working to solve them. The United Nations and other...

Words: 1688 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Sci Final

...building blocks. Global access to clean (sanitary) and sustainable water supplies continues to be a challenge in an age of ever-increasing population and development. Despite the ongoing challenge, the scarcity of global water resources has only begun to be addressed by the United Nations and other not-for-profit charitable organizations. One of the most important recent milestones has been the recognition in July 2010 by the United Nations General Assembly of the human right to water and sanitation. The Assembly recognized the right of every human being to have access to sufficient water for personal and domestic uses (between 50 and 100 liters of water per person per day), which must be safe, acceptable and affordable (water costs should not exceed 3 per cent of household income), and physically accessible (the water source has to be within 1,000 meters of the home and collection time should not exceed 30 minutes) (United Nations, 2013). UN system activities specially focus on the sustainable development of fragile and finite freshwater resources, which are under increasing stress from population growth, pollution and the demands of agricultural and industrial uses (United Nations, 2013). The earth is now trying to sustain a population of almost seven billion people that all require access to a clean water supply in order to live. A World Economic Forum report in 2010 stated the demand for water is expected to increase, with an analysis suggesting there...

Words: 1969 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Trading

...Case study (2) Agricultural Subsidies and Development For decades the rich countries of the developed world have lavished subsidies on their farmers, typically guaranteeing them a minimum price for the products they produce. The aim has been to protect farmers in the developed world from the potentially devastating effects of low commodity prices. Although they are small in numbers, farmers tend to be politically active, and winning their support is important for many politicians. The politicians often claim that their motive is to preserve a historic rural lifestyle, and they see subsidies as a way of achieving that goal. This logic has resulted in financial support estimated to exceed $300 billion a year for farmers in rich nations. The European Union, for example, has set a minimum price for butter of 3,282 euros per ton. If the world price for butter falls below that amount, the EU will make up the difference to farmers in the form of a direct payment or subsidy. In total, EU dairy farmers receive roughly $15 billion a year in subsidies to produce milk and butter, or about $2 a day for every cow in the EU—a figure that is more than the daily income of half the world’s population. According to the OECD, overall EU farmers receive approximately $134 billion a year in subsidies. The EU is not alone in this practice. In the United States, a wide range of crop and dairy farmers receive subsidies. Typical is the guarantee that U.S. cotton farmers will receive at least $0.70 for...

Words: 1625 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Foreign Aid Benefits

...World War II, the US used Foreign Aid to help rebuild the economies in Western Europe and help contain the Soviet expansion during the aftermath during the war. Later, in 1945; 188 countries established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Bank of Reconstruction and Development for debt relief and economic development. This provided something to fall back on, in case of emergency. Another groups established in 1946 called the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration or UNRRA was created to provide relief for war-torn countries. Proven successful in 1946, distributed $4.5 Billion of food and supplies to Europe where World War II had destroyed economies. History is proving time and time again how countries and people are benefiting from organizations much like this. Foreign Aid is used in many cases to help starvation and dehydration, provide attention for world health issues, and also create market expansion. Living as humans we require certain needs to survive such as food and water. Many people in the world including the US take it for granted being such a well-fed country and having about 1-third of all adults being...

Words: 1716 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

World Hunger

...of the yearning issue, a substantial piece of individuals experience the ill effects of difficulty seeing, iron deficiency, undernourishment related issues and different diseases on the grounds that they are not sufficiently getting sustenance. The insights of appetite are disturbing. In the Asian, African and Latin American nations, well more than 500 million individuals are living in total neediness. The World Health Organization assesses that 33% of the world is decently encouraged; 33% is deprived while 33% is starving. As per UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), one in twelve individuals worldwide are malnourished, including 160 million youngsters less than five years old. Almost one in four individuals, live on not exactly $1 every day. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, appraises that almost 870 million individuals, of the 7.1 billion individuals on the planet, were experiencing ceaseless undernourishment in 2010-2012. All the hungry individuals, 852 million, live in creating nations, speaking to 15 percent of the number of inhabitants in creating areas. There are 16 million individuals undernourished in created nations as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 2012). World...

Words: 1685 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Infectious Diseases

...Infectious diseases are now the world's biggest killer of children and young adults. They account for more than 13 million deaths a year - one in two deaths in developing countries. Over the next hour alone, 1 500 people will die from an infectious disease - over half of them children under five (WHO, 1999). The main causes of these deaths from infectious diseases occur in developing countries - the countries with the least money to spend on health care. Instead of this, in wealthy countries people are suffering from non-communicable diseases, just because of their illness related behaviour.Non communicable diseases are the top cause of death worldwide, killing more than 36 million people in 2008. Cardiovascular diseases were responsible for 48% of these deaths, cancers 21%, chronic respiratory diseases 12%, and diabetes 3% (WHO, 2011). This health inequality effects not just how people live, but often dictates how and at what age they die. In this essay I would like to reflect upon the main causes, preventions about all diseases whether it is infectious or lifestyle related diseases, and my response to the global health inequalities that is existing. According to Willi (2004) the sociological imagination consist of four interrelated parts:1) Historical factors, 2) Cultural factors, 3) Structural factors, and 4) Critical factors. I would like to explain historical factors in relation of my topic. I am born and grew up in Asian region, there People are likely to try native...

Words: 1508 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

World War I

...World War I Bill Johnson DeVry University Professor Kevin Muir DeVry University June 22nd, 2014 World War I 1914-1918 will be dates forever ingrained into the history of the world. These dates bring about and highlight the human thirst for expansion, oppression, and war. These four years of time depict a flaw in human nature that goes against all common sense in the belief in peace. This is proven in the fact that humans have given identity to the event that took place as “The Great War”, a global conflict that saw the death of millions of combatants and still one of the deadliest conflicts in history. Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism are the forces that drove nations to this conflict, coupled with depression, oppression, and expansionism. The great economic powers of the world were assembled into two opposing alliances, one dubbed the Allies and one called the Central Powers none of which included the United States initially. World War I saw a resurgence of imperialism and this was the underlying cause and what eventually saw the United States, Japan side with its economic partners and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join the Central Powers. The immediate spark that lit the flames of World War I was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by the Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo (Mitrovic, 2007). Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary and his death set off a diplomatic crisis as an ultimatum was delivered...

Words: 1736 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Foreign Aid Benefits

...World War II, the US used Foreign Aid to help rebuild the economies in Western Europe and help contain the Soviet expansion during the aftermath during the war. Later, in 1945; 188 countries established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Bank of Reconstruction and Development for debt relief and economic development. This provided something to fall back on, in case of emergency. Another groups established in 1946 called the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration or UNRRA was created to provide relief for war-torn countries. Proven successful in 1946, distributed $4.5 Billion of food and supplies to Europe where World War II had destroyed economies. History is proving time and time again how countries and people are benefiting from organizations much like this. Foreign Aid is used in many cases to help starvation and dehydration, provide attention for world health issues, and also create market expansion. Living as humans we require certain needs to survive such as food and water. Many people in the world including the US take it for granted being such a well-fed country and having about 1-third of all adults being...

Words: 1716 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

An International Country Case Study of South Korea

... Implication 3 International Trade Policy 4 Tariff Policy 5 Government Corruption & International Trade Policy 6 Implication 3 International Monetary System 1 Balance of Payment 3 Currency Value 3 Implication 1 Conclusion 1 Suggestions for Further Research 3 Work Cited 5 APPENDIX Figure 1.1 1 Figure 1.2 1 Figure 2.1 1 Figure 2.2 1 Figure 3.1 1 Figure 3.2 1 Figure 4.1 1 Figure 4.2 1 Figure 5.1 1 Figure 5.2 1 Introduction Overview of South Korea South Korea is formally known as the republic of Korea is a country in East Asia. The country covers a land area of 99,392 Km square and a population of 49.3 million. The country constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. South Korea is a developed nation ranked at position fifteen. In terms of education, the country is not left behind as it ranks highly in terms of providing high quality education to its citizens. Proper and quality healthcare facilities are also available in the country. South Korea is my country of choice because I got attracted by the efforts the country has put into place to grow from the world poorest country to be among the largest countries in the world economically. South Korea has a highly valued culture, although development has influenced the culture of the country, people are still trying to maintain their roots by conserving the existing events such as celebrating the new year twice since the country...

Words: 3610 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Do Illegal Immigrants Help or Hurt the Economy

...other documents (Illegal Immigrants). Illegal immigrants are sometimes referred to as illegal aliens or undocumented workers. Though many people may dismiss illegal immigrants as a strain on the economy because they take American jobs, increase the U.S crime rates and drain health care resources; illegal immigrants contribute to the economy as workers, taxpayers, and consumers. The first invasion of illegal immigrants, into the United States was during World War II. Countless, Americans left the Country and went overseas to fight for the freedom of our nation. Several Mexicans saw this as an opportunity and illegally entered the United States to take advantage of employment opportunities, especially as agricultural laborers. “Most of those who worked in the farm fields of California during the 1930’s were illegal immigrants known as Okies, a term applied collectively to the hundreds of thousands of migrants who poured out of not only Oklahoma but also Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado. By the end of World War II, there were close to two million illegal immigrants living in California, Arizona, and Texas” (McGrath 1-2). Also, “An official estimate in 2007 put the number of undocumented immigrants living in the United States at 11 million to 12 million; many believe that the true figure is much higher than this. A high proportion of these, particularly from Mexico and other Latin American countries, are labor migrants” (Policy & Practice 1). The number of illegal...

Words: 2477 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

International Marketing

...Submitted By: Ankur Chauhan Roll No: 09 PGDM IB 2013-15(IIIrd trim) GUIDE: Dr. POONAM CHAUHAN GUIDE: Dr. POONAM CHAUHAN International Marketing Strategy in Automobile Sector in Emerging market International Marketing Strategy in Automobile Sector in Emerging market Research Paper Research Paper Abstract Globalization has not only opened up new avenues for MNEs, but has also benefitted the emerging nations who have adapted to it. It has formed the basis of growth and development for most emerging nations of course other factors too are relevant). This research paper seeks to examine the international marketing strategies of MNEs in the automobile industry, specifically for the emerging nations, because as our subsequent findings will prove, that these markets are currently the most promising and will remain so at least for a few years to come. When we consider the emerging nations, the most promising ones are obviously the BRICs (reasons covered in the following sections). Hence, for readability and convenience purposes, we have limited our research to these nations. Keywords: Marketing strategy, BRIC, TRIAD, MNE, emerging markets, JV Objectives of Study: 1) International Marketing strategies followed by automotive companies in Emerging markets. 2) The study also aims at understanding whether the marketing strategy of these global automotive companies are justified by analysing its impact on the key statistically significant numbers of a company, i...

Words: 4313 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

America's Cuban Conundrum

...America’s Cuban Conundrum 1. Analyze the key issue that prompted the EU to take the Helms-Burton dispute to the WTO The 1963 U.S. embargo was reinforced in October 1992 by the Cuban Democracy Act (the "Torricelli Law") and in 1996 by the Cuban Liberty and Democracy Solidarity Act (known as the Helms-Burton Act) which penalizes foreign companies that do business in Cuba by preventing them from doing business in the U.S. Justification provided for these restrictions was that these companies were trafficking in stolen U.S. properties, and should, thus, be excluded from the United States (Longmire, 2009). According to the Department of State (2000), Helms-Burton Act is the latest incarnation of U.S. efforts to internationalize it embargo of Cuba. Both the 1992 Cuba Democracy Act and Helms-Burton target foreign investment in Cuba, seeking to undermine Cuba’s international access to capital. The European Union (EU), Canada and Mexico have taken steps to challenge the law in the WTO and under NAFTA, seeking the nullification of the law on the grounds that it violates international trade law. The EU resented the Helms Burton Act because it felt that the US was dictating how other nations ought to conduct their trade and challenged it on that basis. The EU eventually dropped its challenge in favor of negotiating a solution. Many nations have enacted antidote legislation that bars their nationals from complying with Helms-Burton, under the threat of fines. They also argue that Helms-Burton...

Words: 1594 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

World War Ii

...over 100 million casualties they combine to be two of the most devastating wars ever. They both are very similar and destroyed a good amount of land in Europe, while also involving the same allies on both side. Although they both have high casualties World War II is more important to Europe for many reasons. Some reasons are the holocaust, advancements in technology, and the results that occurred from the war. World War II was the deadliest war in history accounting for over 70 million casualties. About 6 million of those deaths were caused by the holocaust. The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators (Holocaust History). During the Holocaust, Hitler and the Nazis also targeted other groups because they believed they were inferior to the German race. Those groups included the Slavic people, Gypsies, and disabled. Other groups of people were killed because they believed something different or had different political views. Those groups were Communists, Socialists, and homosexuals. The Nazis spread concentration camps or death camps, across Eastern Europe and Germany. These camps ranged in size and were hidden from the public. Many tactics such as the Euthanasia Program, where at least 200,000 mentally or physically disabled patients, mainly Germans, living in institutional settings, were murdered (Holocaust History). Throughout the Holocaust six million Jews...

Words: 1244 - Pages: 5