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Italian Language

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The Origins of the Italian Language
Debra Cummings
American Intercontinental University

Abstract
Latin is to be credited for having great influence on the Italian language as it is known through out history and today. Its vocabulary is characterized by Roman and ancient Greek words and verbs. Italian has many dialects dependent upon the various regions of the land. Tuscan is the most prominent dialect. The spread of Italian language is largely due to literary works of three authors who chose to write in the vernacular language of their region as opposed to the more widely used Latin language.

The Origins of the Italian Language
The Italian language is derived from Latin, imposed upon the conquered Italian natives. It is considered one of the Romance languages of the Indo-European family of languages and is the language that most resembles Latin. The vocabulary of Italian is characterized by a large percentage of words and verbs from both Roman and ancient Greece. Of all the Romance languages, “Italian is the closest to Latin in terms of vocabulary.” (Language Translation, Inc., 2013)
The oldest definitive document dated back to 960-963 A.D. in vulgar Italian is a legal document called “Placito Cassinese”. This archive is kept in the Abbey of Montecassino. This famous text is a testimony of a man about the ownership of a piece of land. There was an argument between the Benedictine friars of the Abbey and the liege lord of the territory held in fee.
“Sao ko kelle terre, per kelle fini que ki contene, trenta anni le possette parte sancti benedicti”. It can be translated as “I know that those lands, that here (in this document) are registered and everything that they contain have been property of the Abbey of Saint Benedict for thirty years”. Walling (n.d.)
The development of this language emerged in the 10th century with short texts located within Latin papers. Italy was largely made up of several small and large states that had no political rule. Some of these states were under foreign rule or influence for long periods of time. Therefore, as late as the 11th century there was still no standard Italian language. Dante Alighiri, Francesco Petrarca and Giovanni Boccaccio modernized Italian literature in the 13th and 14th centuries. Dante is considered the father of Modern Italian language because he chose to write in the Florentine dialect of Italian instead of Latin. His most famous work is titled Divine Comedy. The Florentine dialect became prevalent during this time period because of the growing prestige of Florence and the literary works of these three men. The evolution of the Italian language from Latin occurred at a leisurely pace. Because of this, there were many distinct dialects of this language. There are varying dialects that are separated by water from the mainland of the Italian peninsula such as the islands of Corsica, Sicily and Sardinia. The northern and northwestern regions are known as Gallo-Italian and are greatly influenced by the French language. As noted by Walling (n.d.) “The Tuscan dialect hails from central Italy and is the most well known dialect of the Italian language.” Tuscany became the mecca of commercial and diplomatic positions because of the growth of the city of Florence. This dialect most resembles Latin and was favored among politicians, philosophers and the literary. “The first edition of an official Italian dictionary was edited by the Accademia Della Crusca and published in 1612, again on the basis of the works of Dante, Petrarca and Boccaccio.” (History of the Italian Language, 1999) Latin has played a great part in the development of Western language. Most Indo-European languages have borrowed words from Latin. It is the root of Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian. Latin, because of the Norman French, heavily influences even English. It is the official language of the Vatican and is used in the medical and legal communities today. Italy was formally unified in 1861. The Tuscan dialect became the official language of the Italian nation. The collective Italian dialect symbolized the unification among Italians. This was evident in the politics, educational system and economy of Italy. In short, the literary works of Italy’s most famous authors were the catalysts for the Italian language, as it is known today.

References
Language Translation, Inc. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.languagetranslation.com /translation/languages/Italian-translation4.html
Walling, E. (2013). Retrieved from http://lifeinitaly.com/italian/language-history.asp
The History of the Italian Language. (1999). Retrieved from http://pimsleuapproach.com /resources/Italian/articles/history-of-italian-language/

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