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Italy's Business Environment

In: Business and Management

Submitted By sputnik
Words 1152
Pages 5
COMPITO DI ITALIANO
Name: Eunan
Surname: Avesani
Subject: language for business
Scaletta
1. Un prospetto dell’economia italiana 2. La crescita 3. Imprese e finanza 4. Banche e vigilanza

Introduzione:
Il testo preso in esame descrive la situazione economica italiana in dettaglio spaziando su diversi fronti e dati numerici.
Terminologie economiche articolate ma informative sono presenti per dare una descrizione plausibile della situazione economico-finanziaria in cui si trova l’Italia nel 2012 ; fornendo dati alla mano , indici come il PIL, export-import, disavanzo pubblico, saldi attivi/passivi, investimenti diretti esteri , debito pubblico e altri ancora.
PARTE 1
L’italia ha un disavanzo pubblico inferiore se comparato all’area euro ( relatvo al 2012) e le previsioni dicono che scendera’ ulteriormente.
Il debito per l’anno presente risulta essere uno piu un quito del tot. prodotto nel paese.
Si parla dunque di dati piuttosto scadenti ma relativamente nella media e superiori a quelli della Grecia.
La situazione fiscale italiana non e’ in allarme poiche’ durante la crisi nera scaturita da mal funzionamento del sistema finanziario intra-bancario, le banche italiane non avevano tenuto basso la rata di interesso su prestiti bancari ma bensi’ piuttosto standard e rigida.
Per rimettere il bilancio dei conti in ordine con le aspettative del UME, e’ neccessario diminuire la spesa primaria corrente anche per i prossimi 2-3 anni fino al 2014 tornando in rapporto al PIL sul livello dello scorso decennio.
Ridurre il capitale per finanziare I vari settori senza prendere in considerazione le varie interrelazioni e connessioni fra i vari sistemi economici statali ( es: ospedali, scuola, interporti, sistemi radio televisivi, porti) non e’ conveniente poiche’ potrebbe avere un effetto contro producente sulla crescita totale complessiva, e’ dunque auspicabile un metodo piu’ selettivo e meno generalizzato.
Un analisi di fondo del bilancio degli enti pubblici ( analisi intra aziendale come lo studio del conto economico e stato patrimoniale) e’ neccessaria per commisurare gli stanziamenti ( finanziamenti pubblici in termini di capitale monetario) e ralazionarli agli obbiettivi odierni.
La finalita’ del progetto sta nel migliorare i conti delle strutture economiche del paese comprese le piu’ capillari e dunque le meno incisive sul PIL ma che nell’insieme darebbero un apporto notevole ai conti generali.
Risparmiando ed investendo nelle aree di maggior bisogno (senza sperperare ) si potrebbe dunque accumulare un budjet da investire nelle infrastrutture.
In dettaglio, risparmiare significherebbe ridurre le aliquote dei lavoratori statali e privati, e accumulare piu capitale attraverso un rigoroso controllo sull’evasione fiscale.
Se poi in aggiunta a tutto cio’ si decidesse di diminuire il merito su rischi finanziari speculativi attraverso una diminuzione dei tassi di interesse su investimenti finaziari allora il quadro macro-economico diventerebbe piu stabile e gli investitori esteri meno diffidenti .
Il federalismo fiscale e’ un piano economico plausibile nel tentativo di responsabilizzare le regioni, dellegando potere alle diverse regioni italiane nel tentativo di gestire le proprie risorse economiche in modo indipendente e decentraliazzato.

La crescita
Il PIL italiano seppur in crescita risulta essere inferiore se paragonato a paesi industrializzati della zona UE. La crescita stagnante e’ sinonimo di scarsa competitivita’ , gli IDE (investimenti diretti esteri) sono poco numerosi e risultano essere meno della meta’ di quelli francesi dati alla mano.
I dati sulla retribuzione dei lavoratori statali-privati sono piatti e rispecchiano piu’ o meno i dati retributivi dello scorso decennio. In conseguenza a questo fatto, i consumi reali delle famiglie italiane sono bassi.
Per capire meglio il malfunzionamento del sistema economico italiano bisogna analizzare meglio il sistema giuridico italiano.
Secondo I dati stilati dalla banca mondiale , la durata (in termini di mesi) dei processi ordinari in primo grado sono lunghi e posizionano l’italia tra gli ultimi posti nella classifica delle risoluzioni dei processi .
Il sistema educativo italiano e’ limitato e scarso in risrse disponibili per studente e il divario Nord-Sud sempre quanto concerne il sistema educativo lo dimostra dati alla mano.
Secondo I dati dell’OCSE, come conseguenza del degrado delle istituzioni educative e della scarsa concorrenza fra I vari poli universitari italiani, Il paese potrebbe di media perdere alla’incirca un punto percentuale sul PIL.
Nel campo industraile privato non c’e’ molta concorrenza e il settore terziario (servizi )non e’ molto avvanzato specialmente nell’ ambito della pubblica utilita’.
Il monopolio economico risulta essere una piaga per la competitivita’ sia incampo nazionale sia in campo internazionale.
Nonostante la spesa pubblica elevata, la creazione di infrastrutture stenta a decollare , da notare che la spesa pubblica supera il PIL ma apparentemente questo dato non sprona gli investimenti.
Fondi strutturali per le opere di infrastruttura sono poco utilizzati e la creazione di tali infrastrutture procedono a rilento da ormai un po’ di tempo.
Il dualismo che esiste tra I lavoratori dipendenti e quelli di stato libero professione, crea precariato sulla popolazione giovanile in cerca di sbocchi lavorativi mai stabili e sempre guidati dall’incertezza anche nel breve-medio termine. Il campo delle risorse umane sarebbe un ottimo diversivo per i giovani.
Un altro argomento di interesse riguarda il sindacato. Con regole certe di rappresentanza sindacale, si avrebbe un incremento nell’occupazione dell’azienda di appartenenza al lavoratore.
Un altra piaga del settore occupazionionale riguarda il ruolo della donna sul lavoro.
Nonostante il divario conseguito dalla donna in relazione al titolo di studio se paragonato all’unmo, risulta comunque esserci un livello disoccupazionale sconcertante fra le donne e di molto inferiore se paragonato al livello occupazionale femminile nell’UE.
Imprese e finanza
Le imprese italiane oltre ad essere piuttosto caparbie e discrete in termini di risorse ed energie disponibili non godono di fama internazionale. Solo una minima percentuale di esse , sono compagnie di spessore mentre le rimanenti risultano essere di medie e piccole dimensioni.
L’iInnovazione tecnologica non e’ un argomento molto ricorrente tra le imprese italiane, da notare che gli standard di comparazione sono relativi ad altri paesi sviluppati.
Imprese a livello famigliare sono molto diffuse nel bel paese, e questo risulta essere all’incirca del 60% sul totale presenti sul territorio nazinonale.
Un incentivo per lo sviluppo in termini di profitti aziendali potrebbe considerare un decremento dell’imposta fiscale sulle rendite ascrivibili alla renumerazione del capitale proprio.
Banche e vigilanza
Nota positiva riguarda l’incremento dei prestiti sui finanziamenti alle imprese da parte delle banche.
I dati posizionano l’italia tra I primi posti a livello europeo per quanto riguarda l’incremento dei prestiti tra I due lassi di tempo 2011-2012.
Ristrutturazioni dei debiti e temporanee sospensioni di debiti non saldati sono tra le misure piu’ usate nel post periodo crisi.
Prestiti bancari non dovrebbero essere un diversivo per le imprese quando si affrontano debiti e perdite sulle rendite.

Conclusione: il periodo post crisi non ha fatto altro che mascherare l’andamento stagnante dell’intero sistema economico italiano, pero’ bisogna render conto anche delle limitate perdite nel settore finanziario e capitale durante la crisi del 2006 e prendere atto che tutto sommato anche se l’Italia non risulta tra I primi posti al mondo per appeal in termini accupazionali e’ comunque relativamente importante nel contesto economico dell’unione monetaria .

Distinti saluti Eunan Avesani

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