... our moral opinions are based on our feelings and our culture. d. our moral opinions are based on our feelings and nothing more. e. all of the above. f. two of the above. g. none of the above. 2. According to ethical subjectivism is the idea that a. there is such thing as objective right and wrong. b. there is no such thing as objective right and wrong. c. there are moral absolutes. d. sometimes there are moral absolutes and sometimes there are not. e. all of the above. f. two of the above. g. none of the above. 3. According to ethical subjectivism when we say that actions are evil a. we are only saying that we have positive feelings about them. b. we are only saying that we have negative feelings about them. c. we are only saying that sometimes we have positive feelings and sometimes we have negative feelings about them. d. all of the above. e. two of the above. f. none of the above. 4. Ethical subjectivism begins with the idea of David Hume that a. morality is a matter of fact rather than sentiment. b. morality is a matter of rationality rather than sentiment. c. morality is a matter of sentiment rather than fact. d. sometimes morality is a matter of sentiment, sometimes a matter of rationality. e. all of the above. f. two of the above. g. none of the above. 5. The simplest version of simple subjectivism is, when a person says something is morally bad a. this means...
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...NATIONAL FEDERATION OF PARALEGAL ASSOCIATIONS, INC. MODEL CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND GUIDELINES FOR ENFORCEMENT PREAMBLE The National Federation of Paralegal Associations, Inc. ("NFPA") is a professional organization comprised of paralegal associations and individual paralegals throughout the United States and Canada. Members of NFPA have varying backgrounds, experiences, education and job responsibilities that reflect the diversity of the paralegal profession. NFPA promotes the growth, development and recognition of the paralegal profession as an integral partner in the delivery of legal services. In May 1993 NFPA adopted its Model Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibility ("Model Code") to delineate the principles for ethics and conduct to which every paralegal should aspire. Many paralegal associations throughout the United States have endorsed the concept and content of NFPA's Model Code through the adoption of their own ethical codes. In doing so, paralegals have confirmed the profession's commitment to increase the quality and efficiency of legal services, as well as recognized its responsibilities to the public, the legal community, and colleagues. Paralegals have recognized, and will continue to recognize, that the profession must continue to evolve to enhance their roles in the delivery of legal services. With increased levels of responsibility comes the need to define and enforce mandatory rules of professional ...
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...“What is "business ethics"?” Peter F. Drucker Drucker’s work takes a look at what is business ethics and what is not business ethics as it pertains to some of the major approaches taken by philosophers throughout time. No matter what the place in time the code of ethics as it pertains to Western tradition is based solely on one principle. That principle is “There is only one code of ethics, that of individual behavior, for prince and pauper, for rich and poor, for the mighty and the meek alike.” Drucker P. F. (1981). Given this principle what is business ethics or even ethics at all with given the implications that behavior which is neither immoral nor illegal for an individual would be immoral or illegal if committed by business? There seems to be a lack of compatibility with what ethics is supposed to be and business ethics. For example a person handing his money over to a mugger threatening physical harm isn’t considered unethical although the mugger is a criminal but in the business world paying off union racketeers to prevent disruption is considered to be unethical practice. The confusion around ethics in general and business ethics continues when we start looking at other business systems outside of the United States. Take for example the Japanese and German who consider the appointing of a counselor who was previously a distinguished civil servant based on the recommendation of his colleagues is essential to the public interest. However, if this practice were to...
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...Running Head: VIEWING ETHICS THROUGH MY EYES Viewing Ethics through My Eyes Business Ethics Heather Morgan Aiken Technical College Running Head: VIEWING ETHICS THROUGH MY EYES Abstract Ethical choices are made every second, rather knowing it or not, you make one every day. Versus being in a work environment, at a school activity, or being around friends and family. Every one's views are different when it comes to ethics and it all relates back to how you view situations and how you intend to follow through with the choices you make. Ethics relates back to how you were raised; rather through spiritual beliefs or in the home. Everyone's beliefs are different and that's what makes ethics it's own virtual way of views. Running Head: VIEWING ETHICS THROUGH MY EYES Viewing Ethics through My Eyes Business Ethics Ethics can be perceived in more than one form. I view it in the sense of virtue ethics, based on character traits people have that are good (Anne T. Lawrence, James F. Weber, 2011, p. 83). The method I would enforce would be the justice method (p. 83). Everything should be based off a fair and just form no matter the person, they should all be treated equal. I have an older brother and my parents raised us equally, even though we are four years apart in age. Anything he received, I received the same thing or something of the same value. I was raised to believe that...
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...Business Ethics Beverley Sullivan Introduction to Management and Leadership Walden University February 13, 2015 Introduction Business Ethics is a crucial aspect of any organization, and all successful organizations should adhere to business ethics. Business Ethics emphasizes that organizations adhere to the moral and ethical principles when undertaking day to day operations. I will define ethics and look at what are our moral beliefs. Explain the purpose of ethics and ethics in business, highlight ethical dilemmas, and provide an example of unethical practices involving government officials. Business Ethics Definitions The word ethics is derived from the Greek word Ethos and has a number of meanings. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary gives several definitions of ethics, including a set of moral principles or values. One example describe the word as a theory or system of moral values or the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. If one looks at the purpose of ethics/morality and the common conception of the purpose of business one can make a reasonably good case that business ethics is an oxymoron. The argument would run along the following lines. To the extent that business and the market in which it flourishes is driven by an unconstrained pursuit of self-interest. Without ethics, business could not function since it requires a great deal of trust and integrity. Duska, R. F. (2007). Business Ethics is the moral analysis...
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...down with each other and usually reach an amiable agreement to resolve the differences. Mediation occurs when both parties agree to sit down with a 3rd party that is neutral. The main purpose of the 3rd party is to emphasize the commonalities that the parties have. Mediation is also less adversarial than the court room. The 3rd party can make a proposal but that proposal is not binding on either party. Arbitration is perhaps the most formal of the Alternative Dispute Resolutions that is used. In this method both parties will present their case to either and individual or panel of experts who will then make a decision and impose that decision on both parties. This is called Binding Arbitration. Not all Arbitration is binding but that is a matter this is specified by the parties or by contractual clause. (Miller, 2012, pp. 49-50) While these are the basic methods used, technology and the advancement of the Internet have opened up a whole new area referred to as, On Line Dispute Resolution. Our world is no longer what we see outside our own little window but now it entails what we see through that magical portal that sits on the...
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...Ethics and Privacy of Communications in the E-Polis Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic and Virginia Horniak Department of Computer Science and Electronics Mälardalen University Västerås, Sweden I N T R O D U C T I O N The electronic networking of physical space promises wide-ranging advances in science, medicine, delivery of services, environmental monitoring and remediation, industrial production, and the monitoring of persons and machines. It can also lead to new forms of social interaction [..]. However, without appropriate architecture and regulatory controls it can also subvert democratic values. Information technology is not in fact neutral in its values; we must be intentional about design for democracy. (Pottie, 2004) Information and communication technology, ICT, has led to the emergence of global web societies. The subject of this article is privacy and its protection in the process of urbanization and socialization of the global digital web society referred to as the e-polis. Privacy is a fundamental human right recognized in all major international agreements regarding human rights such as Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948), and it will be discussed in the chapter under the heading Different Views of Privacy. Today’s computer network technologies are sociologically founded on huntergatherer principles. As a result, common users may be possible subjects of surveillance and sophisticated Internet-based attacks. A user may be completely...
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...to do. d. I believe people should be able to eat sand because it is good for one’s health. e. I believe people should be able to eat sand if they decide they want to, regardless of whether it is someone else’s sand. f. I believe people should be able to eat sand if they want to because they are free to make the decision themselves. g. I believe I will eat sand because it is the standard meal for my community. 3. Develop your own workplace example that fits with each system. Present each workplace scenario in a substantial paragraph of approximately 40 words. Although the table field will expand to accommodate your workplace examples, you may list them at the end of the table; make a note in the table to see the attached examples, however, so your facilitator knows to look for scenarios below the table. 4. Format references according to APA standards and include them after the table. Ethical Theory or System Brief Definition Other Names for Theory Real-world Example Workplace Example Duty-based Ethics Regardless of consequences, certain moral principles are binding, focusing on duty rather than results or moral obligation over what the individual would prefer to do (Treviño & Nelson, 2007, Ch. 4). In ethics, deontological ethics, or deontology (Greek:...
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...------------------------------------------------- RE: Standards of Conduct and Ethics I. Purpose This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics helps ensure compliance with legal requirements and our standards of business conduct. All employees of Q Company are expected to read and understand this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, uphold these standards in day to day activities, comply with all applicable policies and procedures, and ensure that all agents and contractors are aware of, understand and adhere to these standards. In any employment relationship, management and staff have expectations of each other and an effective and productive working relationship depends on the fulfillment of these expectations. Our Standards of Conduct and Ethics are driven by the Q Company which provides the fundamental direction on what type of organization we aspire to be and in guiding our behavior. Our Standards of Conduct and Ethics provide a framework for our behavior, the way we conduct business and the way we interact with each other. As a Q Company employee, you must conduct yourself in a diligent and professional manner, with due regard for the safety, security and integrity of the facility in which you work and well-being of everyone in the facility. It is neither possible, nor desirable to write prescriptive policies for every situation we may face at work. The standards are general in nature and are not intended to advise in detail the appropriate behavior for every...
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...Quindo, Rizalyn F. BSA IV-A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. –Audit of financial statements –Inspection of accounting procedures –Professional consultancy in tax and other accounting procedures In the audit of financial statements, there are greater risks, given that one wrong accounting procedure can place the company into trouble and can also result in bankruptcy. Manipulations of these data are likely to show up when it is audited with reasonable assurance and with more precision. When it comes to inspection of accounting procedures, there are certain threats, given the decision that matter. Hence, inspection of accounting procedures makes it more treatable in case of errors that can impact the company and audit client. But the threat of SPEs (special purpose entities) displays some manipulation from the part of the audit firm that also with prior knowledge of accounting ethics, which at most times makes it more risky, given the legal involvement. Lastly, manipulations are also likely to occur as the biggest threat in the audit consultancy services. So, professional ethics are likely to arise. Hence, self-governance is largely a matter that can pose greater risk. When it matters to preparation and retention of audit work paper, the requirement prepare by auditor should be in a manner that it helps the auditors to carry out auditing services in the most appropriate way. Hence the working paper requirement at most should avoid accumulating unnecessary...
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...Critical Thinking and Ethics John F Kennedy once said "Too often we... enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought."1 He like other successful leaders possessed an abundance of both critical thinking skills and ethics. Their ability to assess a problem, challenge a topic think clearly about it and reflect, independent of their beliefs and personal values to make a rational decision or come to a logical conclusion. These characteristics helped them achieve and rise to the pinnacles of success. The ability to apply critical thinking to your everyday life and in turn your professional life is one of the cornerstones for achieving success. The critical thinking process has a set of defined steps that are part of the Levels of Thinking. These levels help explain the process of how critical thinking is achieved. The first steps are used to remember, understand and apply information that we are learning. The first three steps in the Levels of Thinking include gathering data on a topic, comprehending the key terms, facts or events of that topic. Then defining that information in your words and then finally applying that to a situation in your life. In its simplest form, this could be like the time your parent taught you or you taught yourself to change a tire. As you progress higher into the Levels of Thinking, critical tasks are done to further breakdown information coupled with an assessment of all the data. These levels culminate in our ability to...
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...PRACTICE OF BUSINESS ETHICS MMUI J131 • Rotua Veronika Ariester • Sarah Afifah • Samuel Krissandi • Ronald • Eldhie Sya'banni • Reffit Gustaroska ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS DEFINITIONS Organizational Culture: The values, beliefs, and norms that all the employees of that organization share Value Chain: The key functional inputs that an organization provides in the transformation of raw materials into a delivered product or service ASTRA CREDIT COMPANIES Vision: Become the 1st Choice Financing Company with Total Solution Mission: To Promote Credit for a better living VALUE CHAIN Key functional inputs: Research and Development Develops and creates new product designs Manufacturing Sources the components and builds the product Marketing (and Advertising) Sales Customer Service Four Primary Line Functions Human Resources Management Finance Information Systems Management A REPRESENTATIVE COMPANY VALUE CHAIN Supply Chain Management Operations Distributions Sales and Marketing Service Profit Margin Primary Activities and Costs Product R & D, Technology, and System Development Human Resources Management General Administration Support Activities and Costs EHTICAL CHALLENGES BY ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION ETHICS IN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Develop a product design that hopefully will allow the company to capture and maintain leading position. gather data from customer through market research...
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...Codes of Conduct 1. Comparison of Codes of Conduct: SAICA, CLASA and SASOL |1.1 Purpose of the Codes: | |All three above-mentioned Codes do have a clear purpose. | |SAICA: |CLASA: |SASOL: | |Professional code of conduct for accountants |Professional code of conduct for “corporate |Organisational code of conduct to employees | |and auditors |lawyers” |of the organisation | |SAICA: This code deals with professional attitudes and behaviour. A profession is distinguished by the following characteristics i.e: | |Mastering a particular intellectual skill | |Acceptance of duties to the society as a whole as well as to client and employer | |An objective outlook | |Rendering personal services to a high standard of conduct and performance | | ...
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...American Sociological Association Code of Ethics and Policies and Procedures of the ASA Committee on Professional Ethics 29 Copyright @ 1999 by the American Sociological Association All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Individual copies available at no charge. Multiple and bulk copies of this publication may be ordered by prepaid request ($.50 per copy). To order this publication or for information on this or other ASA publications, contact: American Sociological Association 1307 New York Avenue NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005-4701 (202) 383-9005 x389 (202) 638-0882 fax publications@asanet.org www.asanet.org 30 Code of Ethics American Sociological Association (Approved by the ASA Membership in June 1997) INTRODUCTION PREAMBLE GENERAL PRINCIPLES Principle A: Principle B: Principle C: Principle D: Principle E: Professional Competence Integrity Professional and Scientific Responsibility Respect for People's Rights, Dignity, and Diversity Social Responsibility ETHICAL STANDARDS 1. Professional and Scientific Standards 2. Competence 3. Representation and Misuse of Expertise 4. Delegation and Supervision 5. Nondiscrimination 6. Non-exploitation 7. Harassment 8. Employment Decisions 8.01 Fair Employment Practices 8.02 Responsibilities...
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...in the Eyes of Ethics The act of euthanasia continues to be a moral dilemma within society that either violates, or advocates different philosophical principles of ethics in one way or another. The controversy of euthanasia mainly resides within the healthcare industry where all employees are guided and bounded by medical ethical codes. These codes encourage that every healthcare worker should base their decisions upon responsibility, honesty, safety as well as respect for human beings; therefore, any medical worker who aids in the process of euthanasia helps in destroying the life of a human being whom they are upheld to protect under all circumstances by the principles of medical ethics (AMA, pg. 1). Of the many moral philosophies and theories, the deontological perspective focuses on the wrongness of the act of euthanasia itself; it suggests that each medical worker should be focused on doing what is right -- not killing -- rather than worrying about the consequences that may follow. By participating in euthanasia, a medical employee violates the first principle of medical ethic which is to provide competent medical care to the patient and simultaneously provide this medical care with kindness and respect to human dignity and rights. Thus, assisting in the process, the worker will not be following the deontological principle where doing the right thing matters most (Childress, pg. 65). Not only does the deontological principle call for the rightness of matters, but it also calls...
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