...Active and Passive Euthanasia James Rachels was an American philosopher who specialized in ethics and animal rights. Over the course of his career has written six books and over 85 essays. In 1975, Rachels wrote the article “Active and Passive Euthanasia”, in which he argued that the distinction so important in the law between killing and letting die which was based on the principle of double effect. He argued that if we allow passive euthanasia, we should also allow active euthanasia because it is more humane and that there is really no moral difference between the two. In my paper I have chosen two questions to answer concerning the article written by James Rachels. Rachels offers two principal arguments against the distinction between active and passive euthanasia. What are these arguments? Passive euthanasia is when the doctor does not do anything to bring about the patient’s death because the patient ends up dying at whatever illness they may have. While active euthanasia is when the doctor does something to bring about the patient’s death, for example, the doctor gives a patient with cancer a lethal injection which causes the death of the patient. Rachels claims that "killing is not itself any worse than letting die." What support does he offer for this claim? Do you agree? Why or why not? Rachel argues that there really isn’t a moral difference between the two because many believe that killing someone is morally worse than letting someone die...
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...Relativism Response Essay James Rachel overall definition of Cultural Relativism to me is someone’s belief that challenges our everyday belief in morality. Rachel gives us examples of what’s right and one cultural can be wrong or immoral in another. In the example of the cremation of the dead of the Greeks and the eating of the dead fathers of the Callatians. Rachel then present the idea of the different cultures views to one another and the two cultures both felt like it was immoral. Now me personally I think bout the ideas of cannibalism and cremation are immoral but Rachel explains how can one say wrong base on their moral codes and teaching is. This helps me realize in Cultural Relativism that in this world not every society believes in the same morals and ethics so there’s no truth in morality. Rachel gives his arguments towards Cultural Relativism that it shouldn’t be accepted completely. The changes or advances society makes can be improvements. That some cultures old beliefs were wrong for example slavery and the killing of the Jewish. So I get the impression that nothing’s wrong with the society if it’s accepted within. The cultural(s) who still believe the world is flat I believe that this shows Cultural Relativism because many other society know its round but the acceptance of the “flat” thinking is accepted which may lead to moral improvement. The reading also proves to me that we cannot judge societies base on the beliefs of others. Rachel talks about the Eskimo...
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...burdensome childhood, accomplished many things, and is known to people all around the world. He didn’t have a perfect life,”I never expect a perfect work from an imperfect man.” (Alexander Hamilton 1700’s) He’s saying that life isn’t perfect and people aren’t perfect because we weren’t made that way. He did and said many inspiring things. In this essay topics such as, Alexander Hamilton’s life, what he’s known for, and his modern day version will be introduced. Alexander Hamilton had a very burdensome childhood. He was born on January 11, 1755, or 1757 in Charlestown, Nevis. His parents were Rachel Fawcett and James Hamilton. Hamilton longed to attend school, but they were too poor to afford it. In 1765, the family moved from Nevis to St. Croix, shortly after they arrived, James Hamilton left Rachel, and both of his sons without a father-figure. Rachel had to support her family all by herself, so she started to work in order to reinforce her two sons. In 1768, Rachel caught a terrible fever and died, leaving her sons as orphans and penniless. His cousin, Peter Lytton became their guardian, but a year later he committed suicide. James Lytton, Peter’s father moved to take care of the...
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...Hamilton was illegitimately born to James Hamilton and Rachel Faucette in Charlestown, Nevis. His father left and shortly after his mother passed away from a fever, leaving him and his brother, James, as orphans. When he was older he became an accounting clerk in St.Croix, where he was exposed to the business of money and trade. He was sent to America for education after publishing his eloquently written account of a hurricane that hit the island in 1772. He studied at King’s College, but graduated early to join the patriots in their protest against British-imposed taxes and commercial business regulations. The Anti Federalists were the group that opposed the ideas of the proposed constitution and favored the Articles...
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...2. Ethical egoism does not, however, require moral agents to harm the interests and well-being of others when making moral deliberation; e.g. what is in an agent's self-interest may be incidentally detrimental, beneficial, or neutral in its effect on others 3. In the words of James Rachels, "Ethical egoism [...] endorses selfishness, but it doesn't endorse foolishness."[2] 4. ------------------------------------------------- Forms of ethical egoism[edit] 5. Ethical egoism can be broadly divided into three categories: individual, personal, and universal. An individual ethical egoistwould hold that all people should do whatever benefits "my" (the individual) self-interest; a personal ethical egoist would hold that he or she should act in his or her self-interest, but would make no claims about what anyone else ought to do; auniversal ethical egoist would argue that everyone should act in ways that are in their self-interest ------------------------------------------------- Justifications[edit] Philosopher James Rachels, in an essay that takes as its title the theory's name, outlines the three arguments most commonly touted in its favor:[10] * "The first argument," writes Rachels, "has several variations, each suggesting the same general point:[11] * "Each of us is intimately familiar with our own individual wants and needs. Moreover, each of us is uniquely placed to pursue those wants and needs effectively. At the same time, we know the desires and...
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...Rachel Fernandez October 5, 2014 Mr. McWilliams CLN4U Laura Secord An idol is a woman of memorable heroism or power, respected for her bravery and honorable qualities; Laura Secord clearly qualifies and exceeds this description. Her initiative, intelligence and physical strength have been inspiring people since her story became widely known and the affects her actions had on the war of 1812. Laura Ingersoll Secord deserves a place of honor in Canadian history because of her remarkable courage, fearlessness and gallant act which made an important impact on the outcome of the battle at Beaver Dams. Laura Ingersoll was born on September 13th 1775 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Laura never recognized the true meaning of a lighthearted childhood. At the age of eight her biological mother, Elizabeth Dewey, passed away leaving her to look after her three younger sisters. This was difficult seeing as her father, Thomas Ingersoll, was an American Officer and constantly beckoned for duty. Her father married twice and had numerous children for which Laura helped care for. In 1795 her father grew to dislike the American government and decided to move the entire family to Upper Canada. When Laura was eighteen the family moved to Bustling Port which was near the Niagara River. After Laura relocated she met a young man named James Secord who she eventually married in 1797 under the Church of England. They were a very wealthy family. By 1812, the Secord’s had five children and...
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...1915, The Voyage Out, first novel [pic] In The Voyage Out, one of Woolf's wittiest, socially satirical novels, Rachel Vinrace embarks for South America on her father's ship, and is launched on a course of self-discovery in a modern version of the mythic voyage. As a ship makes its way to an exotic location in South America, a young woman begins her own journey inward in Virginia Woolf’s 1915 novel The Voyage Out. Rachel Vinrace is traveling far away from her home in London. Her fellow passengers are a fascinating and motley assortment of members of Edwardian society whose lives and relationships reveal much about the world from which they come. Through witty comedy and stark tragedy, Woolf examines such themes as family, culture, and the individual in this remarkable portrait of modern life. Its unique and lyrical style, which has garnered the novel praise since its first publication, adds an artistic dimension to this surprisingly current novel. Indeed,The Voyage Out is a beautiful and telling work about self and society that rings as true today as in 1915. 1919, Night and Day [pic] [pic] Originally published in 1919, Night and Day contrasts the daily lives of four major characters while examining the relationships between love, marriage, happiness, and success. Like Virginia Woolf's first novel The Voyage Out, Night and Day is a more traditional narrative than her later novels. Unlike her first novel, however, Night and...
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...studentship was taken from him by royal mandate. Locke's mentor was Robert Boyle, the leader of the Oxford scientific group. Boyle's mechanical philosophy saw the world as reducible to matter in motion. Locke learned about atomism and took the terms "primary and secondary qualities" from Boyle. Both Boyle and Locke, along with Newton, were members of the English Royal Society. Locke became friends with Newton in 1688 after he had studied Newton's Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis. It was Locke's work with the Oxford scientists that gave him a critical perspective when reading Descartes. Locke admired Descartes as an alternative to the Aristotelianism dominant at Oxford. Descartes' "way of ideas" was a major influence on Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Locke studied medicine with Sydenham, one of the most notable English physicians of the 17th century. His skills in medicine led to an accidental encounter with Lord Ashley (later to become the Earl of Shaftesbury) in1666, which would mark a profound change in his career. Locke became a member of Shaftesbury's household and assisted him in business,...
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...In the American society today impartiality is often revered; however, it may also have its shortcomings. This impacts much of daily life including, marriage, child rearing, community involvement and governmental policies. Although Citizens are encouraged to be active members of society it is unclear how far such concepts reach. In some communities’ child rearing is a communal effort, although in the U.S. this has gone out of fashion. In James Rachel’s essay Morality, Parents and Children, he defends the position of that there are more options than treating everyone equally no matter of relation or in Mo Tzu’s approach to love all equally. Similarly involving children, Jane English’s What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents encourages specifically...
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...Suzanne E. Mazzeo, Sara E. Trace, Karen S. Mitchell, and Rachel Walker Gow are all authors of my first source. They all worked in the Department of psychology and Department of Pediatrics at VCU. The objective was to evaluate the effects of reality TV of cosmetic surgery programs on viewers’ self-esteem and behaviors. They used women who watch these particular shows named such as “The Swan” to test their hypothesis. Although they could be found in any other race, many of the results such as the pressure to have a thinner body were found in white women. Study has shown the pressure on women to have a thinner look have increased eating disorder and increased in the cosmetic makeovers in the last few years This article was beneficial because this experiment had the same objectives I have for my paper, which is to find out the effects of reality television. All the authors worked in the department of psychology so there wasn’t any reason for them to be bias when testing this experiment. This article wasn’t too difficult to understand due to having the information organized. I also like how they had chosen women from their own psychology department and undergraduates to test this experiment. That showed that...
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...highest- grossing film of all time. I found that he was also correct when he stated that the film was a continuation from Batman Begins. The Dark Knight was filmed in many different places but the main filming took place in Chicago. The other parts took place in several parts of the United States, the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. The Dark Knight is a film about a superhero, which was directed and co- written by Christopher Nolan. The film was also produced by Charles Roven and Emma Thomas. The Dark Knight was based on the DC Comics and is part of Nolan’s Batman film series. Christian Bale played the lead character (Batman/Bruce Wayne). Some other main characters that played in the movie are Heath Ledger (joker), Gary Oldman (James Gorden), Maggie Gyllenhaal (Rachel Dawes) and Aaron Eckhart (Harvey Dent). Each and every one had the chance to show how great their talents were during the filming of the movie. Each character had a seen that gave them the chance to showcase there acting abilities. This film was about a man who was willing to fight crime for a good cause. I remember when I was kid watching all the Batman movies that came out and they all were really good. When Batman Begins...
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...NAME LIBERTY Critical Thinking Project essay The Hindu are said to believe in the eternity of the soul. The Hindu claim that what we see in existence is a unconscious extension. However, Barhman is considered as the only true real thing. This can make it very hard to understand Hinduism but some views Brahman as the creator. The fact that Hindus have many Gods can be a game changer. It might be very difficult for them to get an answer to a question. Although Brahman seems to be the unify figure. What does it mean to be a human? Every has a different meaning to that. Hinduism suggests that human beings in all creation are the highest point of life. Hinduism suggests that they may take many births in lower forms. All forms of living being manifest God and plants and animals, should be worshiped because they give us food. Hinduism has four principles. They are having pleasure, harmony, wealth, and liberation. Pleasure and wealth consume people by causing suffering and the other fulfills them. The purpose of life in Hinduism is to understand one identity as the soul and to fully understand the truth. The entails identifying the wrong and right and how one is meant to live. Hindus strive to became Moksha( or free from the devil or and evil.) They have to do away with all the evil deeds and the wrongs to achieve the status. They live though the practice and correcting living dharma. Connected with Karma or (action) and reincarnation is usually...
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...What was Susan Wolfe's thesis meaning "arises from loving objects worthy of love and engaging with them in a positive way" Susan Wolfe Bipartite Means 2 parts (subject and object) Susan Wolfe Endoxic Accepted by everyone Why is Wolfe's essay considered endoxic? Subject finds passion, object engaging in passion 2 main reason's for bipartite view -Subjective only = doesn't discriminate enough -Objective only = Reasons for caution -1/other leaves too much out Baraka Movie, 3 definitions Breath of Life in Dwelling, Blessing, indwelling Emerson's movement Trancendentalism Emerson and importance of water lecture Boston @ Athenaeum (love of knowledge) History of Emerson (4 steps) 1. Pastor 2. Married Ellen Tucker 3. Ellen dies 4. Emerson opens Ellen's tomb (sees sunrise the next day) Importance of Polarity Action and Reaction (Newton's 3rd law) 4 Main Points of Compensation 1. Proper Understanding of a person 2. Derives from polarity/balance 3. Learn laws through acting and observing 4. Growth comes from understanding and awareness of compensation Philosophy's Responsibility according to Arthur Schopenhauer Tell full truth 2 reasons to not believe in an all good, all wise and all powerful being 1. Obvious imperfections of humans 2. The misery that's everywhere What misery and suffering is caused by and the way to redemption and the way to end suffering Way of redemption is deny the will. Will to live Schopenhauer's 4 steps to awakening 1. Understand...
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...rationalisation through our conscience (Enrich Fromm). There are major flaws to this statement as it could be suggested that ‘ethical’ behaviour is an influence of external factors such as natural laws, religion, primary and secondary carers and prior events. Therefore, the question could be raised, do we actually any have any freedom to act ethically or is it just a result of what we have already learnt (Piaget)? Then again, what is ethical behaviour to begin with? A universal idea of what is right or wrong that is decided by a group of people? The concluding opinion that will be formed is: we do have a genuine amount of freedom however this notion is only supported to a certain extent as I believe we are influenced by external factors. This essay will discuss points that would approve and disapprove of this statement because I believe it is a combination of both, going with a soft determinist approach. Hard determinists would suggest our choices are determined by prior events. This is a logical statement because a choice we make today could affect the choice we would make tomorrow. For example, a levels are picked accordingly due to prior grades we received in GCSE. Aquinas’s cause and effect theory is applicable to this notion of everything have an efficient cause: nothing can be efficient or cause itself. However, despite this approach making total sense as it is an intelligible to suggest that prior events do effect the choices we make today, resulting in a restriction, resulting...
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...K. The Man Who Was Thursday Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness AND one of: Lord Jim, The Secret Agent, Nostromo, Under Western Eyes Ford, Ford Madox. The Good Soldier Forster, E. M. Howards End, A Passage to India (plus the essays “What I Believe” and “The Challenge of Our Times” in Two Cheers for Democracy) Galsworthy, John. The Man of Property Greene, Graham. One of: Brighton Rock, The Power and the Glory, The Heart of the Matter Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World Joyce, James. Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses Kipling, Rudyard. Kim Lawrence, D. H. Two of: Sons and Lovers, Women in Love, The Rainbow, The Plumed Serpent Lewis, Wyndham. Tarr, manifestos in BLAST 1 Mansfield, Katherine. “Prelude,” “At the Bay,” “The Garden Party,” “The Daughters of the Late Colonel” (in Collected Stories) Orwell, George. 1984 (or Aldous Huxley, Brave New World) Wells, H. G. One of the following: Ann Veronica, Tono-Bungay, The New Machiavelli West, Rebecca. The Return of the Soldier Waugh, Evelyn. One of: Vile Bodies, A Handful of Dust, Brideshead Revisited Woolf, Virginia. Two of: The Voyage Out, Jacob’s Room, Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, Orlando, Between the Acts (plus the essays “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown” and “Modern Fiction” in Collected Essays) B. POETRY The...
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