...James Watt was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist whose Watt steam engine, an improvement of the Newcomen steam engine, was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and re-heating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce...
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...conventional fossil fuels, creating no pollution, and lasting for decades with very little maintenance. The use of a widely available and reasonably reliable fuel source—the sun—with no associated storage or transportation difficulties and no emissions makes this technology eminently practicable for powering remote scientific research platforms. Indeed, numerous examples of successfully deployed systems are already available. The completely scaleable nature of the technology also lends itself well to varying power requirements–from the smallest autonomous research platforms to infrastructure-based systems. This technology can be limited, however, by annual fluctuations in solar insolation, especially at extreme latitudes. Based on semiconductor technology, solar cells operate on the principle that electricity will flow between two semiconductors when they are put into contact with each other and exposed to light (photons). This phenomenon, known as the photovoltaic effect, was first discovered by Edmund Becquerel in 1839. Actual development of PV technology began in the 1950s and gained greater impetus through the NASA space program during the 1960s. Research continues today at national laboratories and within private industry, focusing on increasing conversion efficiencies and mass production strategies to further lower the cost of producing PV modules. For a list of some of the many online resources on PV technology visit the Links Section of http:// polarpower.org. The same web...
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...Documenting Sources Documenting means showing where you got source information that's not your own. Remember, a research paper blends your ideas with ideas and information from other sources. Documentation shows the reader what ideas are yours and what information and ideas you've taken from a source to support your point of view. Why Document? * By correctly documenting, you establish your credibility as a writer and researcher. You're letting your reader know that you've consulted experts whose ideas and information back up your own thoughts and ideas. Consequently, you make your viewpoint or argument more believable. * When you don't document correctly, your academic integrity can be called into question, because it may seem as though you're passing off others' ideas as your own. * If you don't document, you could inadvertently plagiarize, which is grounds for dismissal from college. Academic Integrity Academic integrity involves not only acknowledging your sources, but also creating your own ideas. Academic integrity, explained in this way, sounds relatively simple. But the particular applications are a bit more tricky. The most common academic integrity problems that most students encounter are: 1. relying too heavily on others' information in a research paper 2. relying too heavily on others' words in a paraphrase or summary 3. citing and documenting sources incorrectly 4. relying too heavily on help from other sources The most egregious...
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...Essay Two: Branding 25% Final Exam 30% Essay One: Ad Analysis This short essay (500-800 words; 12 point font, double spaced) will offer an analysis of a single print advertisement of your choice. You must situate your discussion of the ad within a historical context (what are some historical trends that set the stage for this form of commercial text?). You must then identify the central trope or strategy being used and explain its rhetorical function. A strong essay will begin to suggest what is meaningful about the advertisement: does it suggest a notable change in how consumers are being “hailed,” does it target a specific audience in a way that might be culturally significant, etc.? Though this is not a “research” paper, you are expected to engage the class texts and dialogue, citing readings where relevant. You will be evaluated on...
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...Synthesis Paper: Leadership Ella Mathis-James June 17, 2015 Doctoral students are the future of academic circles and need to possess an in-depth research-based approach. The three articles covered in this paper focuses on organizational candidates, presidential affiliates and doctoral students with the leadership skills needed for the role of educated professionals research. This paper will have the in-depth research-based on the commonality of all the articles which is inclusive of personality and behavior traits as well as embracing the management philosophy portraying a functional method to detect prospective leaders. It is not an ironclad method which envisages who will direct or by what method will he or she direct. These articles give a concept into the methods to effect or utilize a particular description of successful management. However the conception of an effective leader is biased, which makes it challenging to visibly describe what characteristics and qualities cause somebody to be an effective administrator or leader. There is also not any unanimity concluded as to which traits are largely significant for those in chief positions such as leaders and administrators to have. Although some view character traits like self-confidence and inspiration, others contemplate natural traits like individuals size to be more important. This paper is a synthesis analysis of three research articles that explored leadership styles, individual’s temperaments, perception of themselves...
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...Liberty Theological Seminary The Rise of Islam A Paper Submitted to Dr. John Nixon In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course History of Christianity 1 CHHI 520-B25 By Ryan R Kappel Student ID#: 24489882 March 4, 2012 Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement 3 II. Introduction 3 III. Trade 4 IV. Political Dominance 7 V. Monotheism 10 VI. Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 Thesis Statement The rise of Islam is due in part to the cultural climate from its beginnings in the form of global trade advantages, political dominance, and monotheism. Introduction This paper will look into issues surrounding the rise of the religion of Islam. As the current fastest growing world religion, Islam has a history reaching back fourteen centuries. To learn what continues to drive this system of belief, it is essential to understand its roots. The heart of Islam’s beginning originates in Mohammad’s vision from God. Still, there must be more than this to drive such a powerful system. Why did Islam have its beginnings in the Arab world in the late sixth century? And further, why did the religion spread so rapidly? Are the factors internal or external? In other words, is growth to be attributed to Islam’s comprehensively sound teachings for all peoples? Or is the growth to be attributed to situations surrounding its origins? To analyze the internal factors would ultimately lead to whether or not God is the cause of the success of Islam. This is beyond...
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...* Prospects and Challenges of Nepalese Debt market 1. Introduction Debt market may be short-term, intermediate and long-term. Short-term and intermediate-term financing sources include trade credit, bank loan, finance company loan, commercial paper; inventory financing includes the issuance of mortgages and bonds (Shim J.K; 1989:138). The importance of the debt market in an emerging economy cannot be overemphasized. In the presence of uncertainty and prudential norms, banks often decline to lend for long term projects, and borrowing from overseas markets may be constrained by country risk perceptions and restrictions on capital mobility. In such cases, the market for debt securities may emerge as the mainstay of the credit and capital markets. (Sumon Kumar Bhaumik&SuchismitaBose, 2001) Bond market link having long-term financing needs with investors willing to place funds in long-term interest bearing securities (UN, TW; 2001). When a corporation (or government) wishes toborrow money from the public on a long term basis, itusually does so by issuing or selling debt securities. Theyare generally called bonds (Ross, 1998).A corporate bond is security representing a long-term promise to pay a certain sum of money at certain time over the course of the loan with fixed rate of interest payable to holder of the bond. And the debenture is the bond backed or secured only by the general credit of corporation. (Hampton, 1998) 2. Empirical Studies Though the debt market, debenture...
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...Green Computing Research Project By James C. Frazier Part1 The purpose of this Green Computing Research Project is to research possible applications of green computing for We Are Big Incorporated. First, I want to define what is Green Computing: Environmental responsibility and sustainability in computing and/or IT systems, including overall energy efficiencies, responsible disposal of electronic waste and recycling programs, telecommuting, virtualization of server resources, thin client solutions, using open source software, and the development of new software to address green computing. In an article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, by San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.” The applications being closely researched are as follows: • Data center and overall energy efficiency: Is a basic Energy Star program for organizations and using technology or data centers for multi-user/departmental uses. Cities teaming up with businesses to use tools like smart meters, data visualizations and even mobile technology to promote energy efficiency and urban sustainability. Quoting a report State of the World Report, by Diana Lind, April...
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...Green Computing Research Project By James C. Frazier Part1 The purpose of this Green Computing Research Project is to research possible applications of green computing for We Are Big Incorporated. First, I want to define what is Green Computing: Environmental responsibility and sustainability in computing and/or IT systems, including overall energy efficiencies, responsible disposal of electronic waste and recycling programs, telecommuting, virtualization of server resources, thin client solutions, using open source software, and the development of new software to address green computing. In an article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, by San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.” The applications being closely researched are as follows: * Data center and overall energy efficiency: Is a basic Energy Star program for organizations and using technology or data centers for multi-user/departmental uses. Cities teaming up with businesses to use tools like smart meters, data visualizations and even mobile technology to promote energy efficiency and urban sustainability. Quoting a report State of the World Report, by Diana Lind...
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...of $US 200 million in the first semester of 2007. Thus, accounting at fair value for some financial assets amplified Lehman's downward earnings performance. Hence, it can be put forward that FVA, through its magnifying impact on earnings volatility, may have contributed to aggravate investors', regulators' and governments' perceptions with respect to the severity of the crisis, itself characterized by record volatility in the prices of many securities and goods. On a related note, the increased volatility brought forward by FVA is conducive to the use of equity-based compensation, especially stock options, which value is then enhanced (according to the Black-Scholes model, volatility is one of the key inputs in option valuation). Prior research 此前的研究 suggests that there is a strong association between performance volatility and the use of stock options. 選項。 20 20 Through FVA, the outcomes from aggressive risk-taking in investment and financing strategies will directly flow into reported earnings, thus further leveraging the potential gains to be derived from stock options and other incentives. Many financial institutions involved in the current crisis made extensive...
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...Micheal Faraday: Father of modern Electricity Faraday was born on September 22, 1791, in Newington (today’s South London), England. His father, James Faraday, was a blacksmith of slender income and challenged health who, with his wife, Margaret, managed to raise a tight-knit family of three children. Faraday's father was of the Sandemanian faith, which Faraday was to adopt as a guiding force throughout his life. When Faraday turned 14, he was apprenticed to a book binder, and during this time, familiarized himself with the teachings of Isaac Watts, a cleric from the previous century. It was Watts's work, The Improvement of the Mind, that put Faraday on the road to self-improvement. In 1810, Faraday began attending meetings of the then recently formed City Philosophical Society, where he heard lectures on scientific subjects, of which chemistry and electricity held the most sway over his imagination. Faraday's relationship with Sir Humphry Davy began when Faraday attended a series of lectures by the famous scientist. Faraday was about to dedicate the rest of his life to bookbinding when, in what turned out to be a happy accident, Davy injured himself as a result of an experiment gone awry, and, in need of a secretary, hired Faraday. Faraday then gave Davy a copy of bound notes from Davy's lectures that Faraday had attended. Davy was impressed, and in 1813, when an assistant at the Royal Institution lost his job, Davy hired Faraday as his replacement. When Davy went abroad...
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...RONALD MACDONALD He was born in 1955 in Scotland. He completed his early education from the same place afterward he got his B.A. (Hons) degree from Heriot-Watt University and then M.A. (Econ) and doctorate from the London School of Economics. He is a professor of international finance prior to taking up his present position he was a midland bank member in monetary economics. He had associated with Loughborough University (1982-1984) then got his position as Lecturer and afterward Senior Lecturer then join University of Aberdeen (1984-1989) then University of Dundee (1989-1992) and most recently Professor of International Finance at the University of Strathclyde (1992-2004). REPEC (Research Papers in Economics), the body which provides a ranking of all economists in the world, shows that Ronald MacDonald, Adam Smith Professor of Political Economy, is ranked in the top 5% (at number 29) in the world in the field of International Finance. His main areas of research are applied macroeconomics, financial economics and international finance. He has published over 100 refereed journal articles on topics as diverse as the determination of government expenditure and fiscal deficits, the determination of bond yields and stock prices, and the economics of exchange rates. Most of his recent publications have been in the latter area and have involved modeling exchange rate movements in terms of macroeconomic fundamentals, such as money supplies and interest rates, and producing measures...
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...[pic] WHAT IS GREEN TECHNOLOGY? The term "technology" refers to the application of knowledge for practical purposes. The field of "green technology" encompasses a continuously evolving group of methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products. As the name implies green technology is one that has a "green" purpose. By green we do not mean the color, however, nature is quite green, and the long and short term impact an invention has on the environment is what we are talking about. Green inventions are environmentally friendly inventions that often involve: energy efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more. Green technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies. The term environmental technologies also used to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote sustainable management of resources. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovation and changes in daily life of similar magnitude to the "information technology" explosion over the last two decades. In these...
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...parties in a competitive race to come up with new softwares for commercial purposes. This digital arms race contributed to a rapid increase in software patents from a mere 45 average patents a week in year 1985 to an average 1200 patents a week in year 2012 (Patent Metrics, 2013). Intrigued by such large numbers of software patents, multiple studies have been carried out by scholars to investigate the impact of software patents to the software industry. The studies sparked an ongoing debate on whether software copyrights and patents are beneficial or detrimental for the software industry. This paper touches lightly on the methodology of software copyrights and patents under the current standards of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It then explores the benefits of copyrights and patents in the software industry and lay out the drawbacks of software patenting. Finally, this paper provides a possible four-point solution to the problems concerning software patents. Methodology of Software Copyrights and Patents According to WIPO, copyright is defined as something that “provides exclusive legal rights to a creator to publish, print, perform or materialise an original work and authorize others to do the same” (2002). In the context of software copyright, a software is subject to copyright as soon as it is documented in a verifiable manner. What that means is that, an individual does not necessarily need to register a copyright to own one on his original work. Then...
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...* * * Argumentative Essay * ___________________ * * A Paper * Presented to * ____________________ * * _______________ * ____ * * In Partial Fulfillment * of the Requirements for the Course * * * ___________________ * * by * * * * James Watt developed a steam-powered engine in the late 1700’s that used the pressure of super-heated water to create steam pressure. This pressure moved a slide piston that pushed a rod on a pivot. The motion turned a rotary wheel for as long as the mechanism was fueled and in good repair. The invention of the steam engine was the catalyst for a series of technological innovations developed during the Industrial Revolution that changed warfare after the Napoleonic Wars through to the American Civil War. Steam engine technology led to the development of factory-based assembly line production of materials, the development of the steamship and locomotive, and to innovations in the production of steel from pig iron. These series of innovations created the means for military power to mass quickly and continuously throughout the Civil War. * As steam engine technology continued to improve1 during the early 1800’s, commercial entrepreneurial ventures morphed into a new industrial system that could generate and project large military forces over greater distances faster than ever before. The steam engine lead to the development of steamships and railroad systems...
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