...India-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement: Gains and Future Prospects Preface India signed a two-way Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (‘CEPA’ or ‘the Agreement’) with Japan on 16 February 2011. CEPA would provide a framework for enhanced cooperation between the two countries and is aimed to facilitate trade in goods and services and increase investment opportunities, besides protecting intellectual property rights. The Agreement is likely to be implemented from 1 April 2011. The highlights of CEPA have been provided below. CEPA The CEPA aims to reduce or eliminate tariffs over next 10 years on over 90 per cent of goods traded between the two countries. The Agreement inter alia provides ‘schedule for India’, a list detailing product wise plan for reduction/ elimination of duties for imports into India and a similar ‘schedule for Japan’. The quantum of duty reduction under CEPA will vary from product to product. Therefore, some products may see a complete elimination of duties on 1 April 2011 itself (or any other day on which the Agreement comes into force) while others may see a gradual reduction over years. Sensitive sectors for India and Japan are fully protected and will not see any tariff change. An illustrative list of goods for import into India and the time period over which basic customs duty would be eliminated is given below: |Description of goods |Period in which tariff to be reduced...
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...Business Ethics across Cultures Article Review Clarissa R. Hoover XMGT/216 August 4th, 2012 Dr. Frank Czarny, Ph.D. Business Ethics across Cultures Article Review Business ethics and perspectives play a major role in how every business operates on a daily basis. This essay will examine two articles of foreign countries business ethics and perspectives. In addition, the essay will provide a brief summary of the articles. Also, the essay will demonstrate the primary ethical perspectives of the two countries. In addition, the essay will discuss the contributions to understanding global ethical perspectives. Furthermore, the essay will illustrate how the business ethics of a foreign country compares to that of The United States of America. Even though, some business ethics and perspectives differ from country to country generally they are the same. It is very important to uphold an elevated level of ethical behavior when conducting business in a foreign country. There are four main ethical perspectives that one should empathize with which are: character, obligation, results, and equity (Bullard, 2009). When examining ones character individuals should establish their thoughts on what shall be perceived as good versus what is good to accomplish. Furthermore, each individual should realize everyone has a different perspective on how businesses work in a global market. Another ethical perspective one should examine is obligation. Obligation can be described as doing...
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... The impact of culture on management: A comparison of Japanese versus United States management. Advances in competitiveness Research , 6 (1), 39-57. Faramarz Damanpour is a Professor of Finance and International Business at James Madison University. He is an author of several business articles and has been featured in many business journals. His main purpose of this article is to get the reader to understand the differences between the cultures, decision-making, and employment strategies of Japan and the United States. This topic is suitable for my research paper because it helps me answer the first research question, which deals with the elements and dimensions of culture of Japan. Fukuda, J. (1992). The internationalization of Japanese business: different approaches, similar problems. The International Executive , 34 (1), 27-41. John Fukuda is a professor in the department of the International Business at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has written peer reviewed articles for the International Executive. His main purpose for this article is to get the reader to understand the Japanese's approach to business versus the other countries. This article is suitable for my research paper because it helps me to answer question numbers 1 and 2 of the Business cultural analysis. Fukukawa, K., & Teramoto, Y. (2008). Understanding Japanese CSR: the reflections of managers in the field of global operations. Journal of Business Ethics , 85 (1),...
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...Conflict and Cooperation Research Paper POL/469 Conflict and Cooperation Research Paper The end of World War II brought a dramatic change to United States policies regarding nations and their sovereign rights to bear arms and establish standing military forces. After the defeat of Germany and Japan the United States emerged from WWII as the world’s strongest military force. As the new military leader in the world the US began setting into motion policies for dealing with antagonistic countries which has lasted even today. The policy of democratization was instituted in Japan which led to the construction of the Japanese Constitution. Under article 9 of this constitution Japan would renounce war. "The Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes", and also, "land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained." (Article 9) This policy and constitutional structure would make Japanese military mainly defensive in nature. This was to ensure that democracy would take hold and imperialism and military rule would not surface again in Japanese society (Dolan and Worden, 1992). Today this constitutional directive is an active feature in the Japanese society. The majority of Japanese people do not believe in the proliferation of military strength especially that of nuclear capability. Military Force Structure As a result of the new Japanese...
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...of “This isn’t a ‘legal’ matter this is war.” The article “This isn’t a ‘legal’ matter, this is war” by Charles Krauthammer is an article in regards to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Krauthammer had the article published in “The Times” on September 13, 2001. Krauthammer claims that “9/11” is an act of war and he encourages the nation to take the proper action against the terrorists that planned the attacks. Krauthammer’s use of categorical, causal, definitional, resemblance and proposal claims as effective building blocks to his claim will be looked at; as well as ethos, pathos and kairos. Looking into the claims of the article Krauthammer begins with a causal claim of “subpoenas cause terrorists.” He is claiming that in the past, the United States has usually reacted to attacks of terror in a judicial way which has led us to be a weak target. Next, he claims that “the post-Cold War era is the age of terrorism,” which is a categorical claim that is stating that terrorism is a form of war. He also uses a resemblance claim comparing the 9/11 attacks to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan attacking Pearl Harbor was a surprise attack like 9/11 and Franklin Roosevelt responded with a pledge to bring all of Japan to justice. Roosevelt wanted a justice of war and Krauthammer is stating that this should be the case for the 9/11 attacks. He has a strong pathos approach here, and uses it at the end of the article by tying Pearl Harbor into his statement, or question...
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...conflict between competing European powers. The newly modernized Meiji government of Japan sought to join these colonizing efforts and initiated discussions (Seikanron|(lit. "subdue Korea")) in Japan in 1873. This effort was allegedly fueled by Saigō Takamori and his supporters who insisted that Japan confront Korea's refusal to recognize the legitimacy of Emperor Meiji as ruler of the Empire of Japan, as well as for supposed insulting treatment meted out to Japanese envoys attempting to establish trade and diplomatic relations. In fact the debate concerned Korea, then in the sphere of influence of China's Qing Dynasty which elements in the Japanese government sought to separate from Chinese influence and establish as a Japanese satellite.[8] Those in favor also saw the issue as an opportunity to find meaningful employment for the thousands of out-of-work samurai, who had lost most of their income and social standing in the new Meiji socioeconomic order. Further, the acquisition of Korea would provide both a foothold on the Asian continent for Japanese expansion as well as a rich source of raw materials for Japanese industry. The arguments against such designs were outlined in Okubo Toshimichi's "7 Point Document", dated October 1873, in which he argued that action against Korea was premature as Japan, itself, was in the stages of modernization and an expedition would be far too costly for Japan to sustain. Okubo's views were supported by the anti-war faction, which mostly consisted...
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...1. Introduction 1.1 Background Japan has the third largest economy in the world. As it is surrounded by sea, the country’s port plays an important role in maritime transportation for both exports and imports. In March 2011, the world was affected when Japan was struck with natural disasters (Earthquake and Tsunami). This sudden disaster sent everyone around the world into frenzy. It affected Japan’s ports, shipping and logistics. As a result of the natural disasters, ports in the northern area of Japan had to stop operations after the Tsunami washed away port facilities, leaving the area in tatters. Ports such as Hachinohe, Ishinomaki and Onahama were severely damaged and it would take months before operations can resume. It will take some time for Japan to rebuild itself as this is the worst disaster to hit the country since the Hiroshima/Nagasaki nuclear bombing during the World War 2. 1.2 Objectives of Project The team will be doing a research and critical analysis on how the crisis has affected Japan’s economy and how the revival of Japan will benefit the shipping economy. The areas of focus will be on the economic impacts of the various shipping markets and other factors contributing to the crisis and forecasting the future outcome in the shipping industry. We intend to go beyond the surface and dig deep into the crisis to fully understand how dealing with a crisis really works. This includes looking at past records as well as analyzing the situation in...
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...Introduction – Japan’s aging population and the implications to its economy 3 3) Article summary 4 4) Fiscal and Social Implications 5 5) Japan, against uncontrollable forces 6 6) Unemployment 6 7) What policies should the government implement 7 8) Conclusion 8 9) References 9 10) Attached Article 10 & 11 2. Introduction - Japan’s aging population and the implications to its economy Japan is an island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, east of Asia. With neighbouring countries such as China, North and South Korea, and Russia, Japan is ranked 36th among the world in terms of population density. Japan houses up to 128 million people as of 2012 with a per capita of around $37,000, whilst...
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...Propaganda in the Second SinoJapanese War Submitted by Justin Choo How was propaganda utilised by China and Japan in the Second SinoJapanese War? Attacking the mind was an incredibly important Chinese military strategy and is highlighted in ‘孙⼦子兵法’1, a military treatise written by a high ranking military strategist, Sun Tzu. Propaganda was critical in keeping up the civilians’ spirits and preventing them from waning support which ultimately proved to be the ace in China’s victory against Japan. For example, the Chinese government imposed a strict media blackout on the whole nation throughout the Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese did not lack in this area of warfare either and held their own against the Chinese. Three main principles were instilled in citizens to assist the ruling government then. They are 国体, ⼋八紘⼀一宇 and 武⼠士道2 and ingrained the belief that the war was holy and that Japan would emerge victorious at the end no matter what kind of obstacles they may come across. The use of propaganda may differ considerably between these two nations at war but the results were exactly what the government had in mind - elevating the statuses of those who die for their country and glorifying the act of self sacrifice as patriotic. Japanese Propaganda Kokutai, literally “national body”, is translated simply as ‘sovereignty’ and in wartime Japan meant the Emperor’s sovereignty. Basically, the qualities that make a Japanese “Japanese”. The Ministry of Education then...
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...very strongest traits which develop the foundations of daily lives and how corporations conduct business. A tradition in Japan is taking an all male work team, salesmen and clients to visit a bar/club after hours that are greeted by a “Hostess”. A “Hostess” is a woman who is paid to flirt with men. These visits are sometimes mandatory which corporations cover fully and label them as “entertainment expenses” (Smith, Japan Flirts with Goverance Reform, 2015). One of Japan’s biggest problems is poor corporate governance (Smith, Bloomberg View, 2015). This is an example and evidence that poor corporate governance to a degree is liable for the potential drought of business investments into Japan’s economy (Smith, Japan Flirts with Goverance Reform, 2015). This is an example of why Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s made a decision to develop and incorporate Abenomics in 2014. Japan, as a society with extreme high value to culture and respect, views and approaches corporate governance has been very different for the past few decades compared to the United States. Japan’s board members are typically internal corporate managers rather than independent directors. Independent directors are very uncommon and without this type of approach, companies focus on empire building rather than on focusing on creating shareholder value and increasing profitability (Smith, Japan Flirts with Goverance Reform, 2015). Abenomics has a code that requires improved oversight of executives by independent...
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...of power relations, is the relation between the U.S.A.- Japan – and China. China recently expressed rather clear views on that relationship during its military parade in honour of the 70’s anniversary of the Chinese victory over Japan, also expressed through the strong words of President Xi Jinping at the same event. While the speech exhibited a particularly strong rhetoric, its aspects were not new. In fact, similar language can be found in a People’s Daily article as old as the 3rd of March 1971, showing that Japan has played a role for Chinese foreign policy considerations for a while. Especially in terms of the Chinese historiographical memory, the picture of Japan has stayed remarkably stable. In fact, the Chinese core assumption, that it has been the “victim of international aggression” and a “unique and continuing neuralgia toward Tokyo” consistently constitute Chinese intentions on the international field. The continuity with which this thematic reappears in Chinese public discourse does not suggest, that they are bound to change any time soon. At the same time, Japan continues to be one of the most important strategic allies of the United States in the East Asian region. In fact, for the United States, the alliance of the two states fore most represents a guaranty for the regional Balance of Power and thus stability. However, following the Chinese rationale on Japan, if the U.S.A. doesn’t recognize Japan as an aggressor, it subsequently cannot recognize China...
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...Keep a Close Eye on Japanese Moves to Re-ArmA committee under the Japanese prime minister has issued a report recommending that Japan should assert its right to "collective self-defense" under Article 51 of the UN Charter. This would allow Japan to sidestep its pacifist postwar constitution and engage in military activities overseas even if it is not directly attacked. Japan has a bad track record when it comes to its military aspirations. Key politicians and military leaders were tried and convicted of war crimes by an international military tribunal following the end of World War II. And Japan clearly promised in Article 9 of its own constitution to "renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and use of force as a means of settling international disputes." When a similar controversy was brewing in 1968, Tokyo said it has the right to collective self-defense under the UN Charter but pledged only to respond to militarily attacks on its own soil unless the constitution was revised. Mindful of international condemnation and opposition from the Japanese public to a full-fledged constitutional revision, the ruling party and rightwing factions have demanded a reinterpretation of the constitution so it can somehow sanction collective self-defense, and the Japanese government has in effect agreed with them. The committee's report has to be seen in that context. Last month, the Diet also revised the country's atomic energy law for the first time in 34 years in a way that...
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...everyone involved in the lesson. Need to count up all the preferences of Cola and Pepsi. * Do you buy only branded products? * What do you prefer more Cola or Pepsi? * How advertisement influence on people? Give them the list of top brands in the written form only the names and tell them to guess which Is the first, second and etc The list of top Brands according to research of 2003 and 2012 2003 year | 2012year | # | Name | Country | # | Name | Country | 1 | Coca-Cola | U.S | 1 | Coca-Cola | U.S | 2 | Microsoft | U.S | 2 | Apple | U.S | 3 | IBM | U.S | 3 | IBM | U.S | 7 | Disney | U.S | 9 | Sumsung | Korea | 5 | Intel | U.S | 5 | Microsoft | U.S | 6 | Nokia | Finland | 7 | Mc Donald’s | U.S | 8 | Mc Donald’s | U.S | 22 | Pepsi | U.S | 9 | Marlboro | U.S | 11 | Mercedes | Germany | 15 | American...
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... search | This article is incomplete. Please help to improve the section, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (September 2012) | The United Nations Security Council. Reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) encompasses five key issues: categories of membership, the question of the veto held by the five permanent members, regional representation, the size of an enlarged Council and its working methods, and the Security Council-General Assembly relationship. Member States, regional groups and other Member State interest groupings developed different positions and proposals on how to move forward on this contested issue.[1] The reform of the Security Council requires the agreement of at least two-thirds of UN member states and that of all the permanent members of the UNSC, enjoying the veto right.[2] Contents * 1 History * 2 General Assembly Task Force * 3 Increasing membership * 3.1 "In Larger Freedom" * 3.2 Uniting for Consensus * 4 New permanent member proposals * 4.1 Brazil * 4.2 Germany * 4.3 India * 4.4 Japan * 4.5 Membership of a Muslim-majority nation * 4.6 Africa * 5 Veto reform * 6 Overall positions on reforming the Security Council * 6.1 United States * 6.2 United Kingdom and France * 6.3 Russia * 6.4 India * 6.5 Brazil * 6.6 South Africa * 6.7 Portugal * 7 References * 8 Further reading * 9 External links History[edit] ...
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...The China Theater of Operations more resembled the Soviet-German war on the Eastern Front than the war in the Pacific or the war in Western Europe. On the Asian continent, as on the Eastern Front, an Allied partner, China, carried the brunt of the fighting. China had been at war with Japan since 1937 and continued the fight until the Japanese surrender in 1945. The United States advised and supported China's ground war, while basing only a few of its own units in China for operations against Japanese forces in the region and Japan itself. The primary American goal was to keep the Chinese actively in the Allied war camp, thereby tying down Japanese forces that otherwise might be deployed against the Allies fighting in the Pacific. The United States confronted two fundamental challenges in the China theater. The first challenge was political. Despite facing a common foe in Japan, Chinese society was polarized. Some Chinese were supporters of the Nationalist Kuomintang government; some supported one of the numerous former warlords nominally loyal to the Nationalists; and some supported the Communists, who were engaged in a guerrilla war against the military and political forces of the Nationalists. Continuing tensions, which sometimes broke out into pitched battles, precluded development of a truly unified Chinese war effort against the Japanese. The second challenge in the China theater was logistical. Fighting a two-front war of its own, simultaneously having to supply other...
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