...Running head: THE HISTORY OF JAPANESE GETS REVIEW The History of Japanese Gets Review The History Of Japanese The Proto-Japanese (Yamato) became a centralized state describing and explaining governing laws such as the Taika Reform which is further known as the Asuka Period. In (552 A.D.) in Nihon Shoki Buddhism was introduced. A prince named Shotoku was known as spreading peace to Japan through the Proclamation of the Seventeen articles known as the Seventeen Article Constitution. (Japanesehistory.info, 2011, p.1). He devoted many efforts in Japan, not only Buddhism but the Chinese as well. Leading on to the Heian System, the court was over worried about the Effete Arts and started to ignore administrations and military affairs. During this period there were three types of land-holdings, which were called Rank-Land (family), Salary-Land (Imperial) and Merit-Land (Outstanding Effort). As the system was being held by the nobles it became more powerful. Warriors and Nobles were continued struggling. Around (1156 A.D.) the Hogen Rebellion was released which was complicated to the court so as a conclusion leading warriors as fighters. Laws of Japanese Congress (1791) states that Freedom of Religion is the First Amendment. “Congress shall make no law respecting establishments of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…” (Congress, 1791, p.1). In opposition, hundreds of years ago, the Japanese law required Buddhism. The United States...
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...Question 1 (6 points) [pic] Modern Japanese painters & printmakers abandoned Japanese traditions & design principles. Question 1 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 2 (6 points) [pic] The Sotatsu-Korin School of the Edo Period specialized in Chinese style monchrome ink painting. Question 2 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 3 (6 points) [pic] The circular bronze mirror adopted by Japan from China during the Kofun period is one of the three treasures of Shinto prized as imperial regalia. Question 3 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 4 (6 points) [pic] Emperor Shomu of the Nara Period invited Buddhist priest Ganjin to come from China in order to establish Toshodaiji Temple. Question 4 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 5 (6 points) [pic] Kano School painters, active through the Ashikaga, Momoyama & Edo periods, were commissioned by shoguns & nobility to paint decorative screens with predominantly European materials, techniques & themes. Question 5 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 6 (6 points) [pic] Edo ceramic artist Kenzan was the brother of painter Korin, & is known for decorating his pieces with designs reminiscent of Yamato-e & Chinese monochrome ink painting. Question 6 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 7 (6 points) ...
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...Marisa Maen April 16, 2013 Since the beginning of Japanese history, many cultures such as Korea, India, the United States and the most prominent, China, have consistently influenced the people and culture of Japan. Although the Japanese aesthetics may have begun as something borrowed from its neighboring cultures, the Japanese have truly evolved their aesthetics into unique and authentic. In modern times, their aesthetics continue to greatly influence world art and fashion. Ranging from their poetry, to the tea ceremony, to architecture, the Japanese aesthetics began as something mimicking that of China and other cultures, and over time, have developed into something purely and truly Japanese. Because of its close proximity to China and Korea, Japan, in the pre-modern times, was greatly influenced by the cultures surrounding it. Early knowledge of the Japanese people can be found in the dynastic histories of China. “The Chinese called Japan the land of Wa…described as consisting of ‘one-hundred’ ---probably meaning a great many ---countries or tribes” (Varley, Japanese Culture, p. 7.) Since this time, the Japanese sent missions to China and slowly adopted many of their cultural aesthetics. Even though there was a very strong Chinese influence, the Japanese eventually assumed their unique aesthetic sense. This aesthetic sense is collectively known as miyabi, or refined sensibility, mono no aware, or the capacity to be moved by things, wabi and suki, or imperfect, irregular...
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...Citizens: Racism, Discrimination, and Identity The creation of history is an ongoing process we all participate in. According to Kristine Kuramitsu, Internment and Identity in Japanese American Art, “an ethnic community is never a monolithic entity but a group that is, by definition, connected by some set of memories and experiences.” Collective memories have shaped our identity; some people protest others choose to agree with version illustrated and perceived which best defines their relative existence. However, “with this personal identification with a community subgroup comes the threat of isolation” (Kuramitsu). The more an individual begins to recognize their heritage and embrace their origin, Gayatri Spivak, “Acting Bits/Identity Talk”, Critical Inquiry would assert, “history slouches in one’s origins, ready to comfort and kill.” The consequences of history offer to narratives, peace and equality or secondly protest and pain. In America which operates on the principle of Democracy, people and citizens believe in fundamental rights as intuitively recognizable. These provisions are grounded in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. During World War II these rights were quickly destroyed. Internment camp prisoner Henry Sugimoto and War Relocation Authority photographer Dorothea Lange’s; uncensored artwork and photography lifted the veil capturing the plight and destitute existence Japanese Americans citizens endured as a result of Executive Order...
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...History of Japanese Football Christopher Hood casts a learned eye over the history of Japanese football, on both club and national level. Japanese football has yet to make much of an impression on the world stage, despite Hidetoshi Nakata's having made his mark with Perugia and Roma in Italy's Serie A. The general perception however is that Japan is new to football and not very good at it. In fact, football has a long history in Japan. Football reached Japan within ten years of the foundation of the Football Association (FA) in London in 1863, with matches taking place between some English teachers and their pupils in Tokyo and among Western sailors in Kobe in 1871. The officially recognised date for the birth of football in the country is in September 1873 with a game at the Naval Academy in Tokyo Bay organized by a British officer, Archibald Douglas, and his men. The amused Japanese spectators assumed it was a version of kemari, an ancient Japanese ballgame connected with the Shinto religion. The first competitive match in the country is reputed to be the 1888 game between the Kobe Regatta and Athletic Club and the Yokohama Country and Athletic Club, a rivalry that continues to the present day. It was not until 1921, however, that the Japanese Football Association (JFA) was established. After reports reached London of the All Japan Schools Soccer Tournament held in Osaka in 1918, the English FA magnanimously dispatched a replica of the FA Cup as a gift to the fledgling...
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...Tokugawa Religion The period between 1603 and 1868 presented one of the most remarkable eras of the Japanese history. This period is referred to as Tokugawa Japan. The era is mostly characterized with the widespread peace that spurned a period of two and a half centuries as well as heightened technological and economic growth. The period is also known for its strong political formation as well as a cultural domination that was supported by various factors. One of the elements that provided a strong support for the period was the religious structure practiced by the communities during the era. It is important to note that religion is also an important consideration when looking at the elements that resulted in Tokugawa. The prominent religious beliefs...
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...with a stone.” Nevertheless, both religions and later Christianity expanded throughout China, and eventually made their way along with explorers and warriors into modern day North Korea, South Korea, and then into Japan. The languages throughout these four countries developed along with the religions, proving that the spread of Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity throughout China and the surrounding countries was a great influence on the creation of the modern day Korean and Japanese languages and writing systems. The Japanese language had no writing system prior to the introduction of the Chinese writing system, originally used by Chinese people who lived in Japan during the early Christian era. Educated Japanese scholars wrote in Chinese, the earliest evidence of this being from the 5th and 6th centuries A.D., where proper names are inscribed with Chinese characters on two artifacts, an old mirror and a sword. But by the 8th and 9th centuries A.D., Chinese characters began to be used to represent the Japanese spoken language. But since the two languages are so different in syntax, the transferred Chinese...
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...children study history? There is no doubt that the primary purpose of schooling is to prepare students to function effectively in the world, and thereby to assist society to function effectively as well. We study the past in school not because students need to know a collection of old facts, but because history helps them understand how the world works and how human beings behave. Knowledge of the past is required for understanding present realities. When people share some common knowledge of history, they can discuss their understandings with one another. What does history give?Human self-awareness is the very essence of history. Arnold Toynbee said, “History is a search for light on the nature and destiny of man.” R.G. Collingwood wrote, “History is for human self-knowledge…the only clue to what man can do is what man has done. The value of history, then, is that it teaches us what man has done and thus what man is. Psychologist Bruno Bettleheim asserted that human self-knowledge is the most important role of education.” Most of all, our schools ought to teach the true nature of man, teach about his troubles with himself, his inner turmoil and about his difficulties in living with others. They should teach the prevalence and the power of both man’s social and asocial tendencies, and how the one can domesticate the other, without destroying his independence or self-love.” Read more: http://socyberty.com/education/teaching-history-is-important/#ixzz21GQnYhj0 Why history in the elementary...
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...planned due to economic reasons. People consider migration only when the move benefits the family now and whether here they can still support their family in the process. Preserving and revitalizing Japantown is essential as a manifestation of Japanese American history, a celebration of current cultural expression and an inspiration to future generations about Japanese American cultural heritage. (1) - Concepts for the Japantown Community Plan, November 2000 Immigration has historically been from country of origin to a well established familiar community. For example, Japantown in San Franscisco, was created by immigrants from Japan. The migration happened around 1869. Word then spread (via the media) that San Franscisco was a place that would be “tolerant” of the Japanese influx into the area. They then moved on droves becoming know “This first generation – Issei, flocked to the area and. Cultural identity remained intact. This is because the surrounded themselves by the same culturally inspired community base. The people flourished because they were still either connected to people of like mind and they had similar goals in which they worked toward. Until 1906 it had the largest Japanese population of any mainland American city. This only changed because of the San Japantown, is still a strong community;...
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...the social fabric since recorded history. In Joy Kogawa’s Obasan (1983), the protagonist, a Japanese-Canadian woman by the name of Naomi, is inadvertently introduced to the atrocities suffered by Canadians of Japanese ancestry during the Second World War. Naomi, now an adult, discovers the hardship and institutional racism that Japanese people faced, whereby they were forbidden “to go anywhere in this wide dominion without a permit” and the government had “requisitioned the Livestock Building…to house 2,000 ‘Japs pending removal’” (Kogawa, 1983, p.95), through a series of letters written by her Aunt Emily to her mother. The letters and conversations between Naomi and Emily reveal the impact of prejudicial policies and discourse on people of all ages including, Stephen, Naomi’s younger brother. The themes of racism, both of the subconscious and overt varieties, highlighted by Kogawa are also prevalent in Angela Aujla’s “Others in Their Own Land: Second Generation South Asian Canadian Women, Racism and the Persistence of Colonial Discourse” which points out the role of government as well as the general public in propagating racial prejudice against South Asian women. In Obasan, Kogawa provides evidence that shows how Japanese people faced racial discrimination through and after World War II. Aunt Emily’s letters written to her sister, Nesan, who had gone to Japan to see her grandmother, and her painful narrative of the suffering of Japanese-Canadians becomes a defining moment...
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...History is a blank sheet of paper, authored by whoever took the pen first. Look at Galileo Galilei for an instance. For hundreds of years, he was thought to be the first to find the groundbreaking fact that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Sorry Nicholas Copernicus, but Galileo grabbed the pen first. History is also altered by winners. Why did America get involved in World War 2? Because Japan sneak attacked Pearl Harbor of course. After World War 1, Japan was promoted to become an influential nation. However, they lacked in many natural resources. Thus, they looked to their neighboring country, China. Japan’s imperialistic plan was a big concern for the Americans. So, when Japan invaded Manchuria, President Roosevelt froze Japanese assets....
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...Pismo Oceano Vegetable Exchange: An Enduring Mark of Japanese Identity California’s Central Coast, home to vast acres of land, endless rolling hills, and high concentrations of rich soil, set the stage for strong Japanese agricultural influence in the early 20th century. In the beginning of the 1900’s, Japanese immigration figures were at an extreme in order to meet the cheap labor demands of a developing agricultural industry (Suzuki 127). As this demographic of workers began to advance and purchase property in California, a new wave of landowners and farmers emerged. Japanese agriculture thrived in the farm countries of Arroyo Grande, Avila Beach, and Pismo Beach. All three locations were well suited for growing bush peas and home to a developing railroad network (“Our History”). Families in the area were gathered under a common agricultural identity, choosing to form relationships and friendships in order to develop their community (see images 1 and 2). As a network of fairly small farming families, it was important and essential for separate agriculturalists to begin to group together and share resources to stay competitive with big, growing industries....
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...Tachibana May 2, 2013 Japanese Society in Haruki Murakami’s The Elephant Vanishes and The Wind Up Bird Chronicle Haruki Murakami, one of the most critically acclaimed and widely read authors in Japan today, is labeled by many as a postmodernist. His short story “The Elephant Vanishes” and fictional novel “The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle” are prime examples of why this label has been placed on Murakami’s work. Both stories revolve around a central theme that since World War II the Japanese have lost a clear sense of self. Murakami reveals this central theme by overlaying a number of supporting themes, including the split between reality and imagination, and the overbearing effect of the past on the present. The central theme is furthered through vivid symbolism, the mundane activities of everyday life, and frequent references to western culture. Both stories beg the question: Do we have our own free will to act individually in this life, or are our actions predetermined by the mass of history that comes before us? Murakamiʼs Wind-Up Bird Chronicle probes contemporary Japanese life through the consciousness of a seemingly ordinary, slyly humorous, and increasingly likable narrator, Toru Okada, affectionately called “Mr. Wind-Up Bird.” His search for his wife Kumiko, who has left him, seems also a search for himself. Okada is 30, out of work, absent-minded and yet somehow hyper-vigilant at the same time. His character goes against all the norms for men in Japanese society, his actions...
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...Culture Identification Paper Japanese Culture April Bane Culture is a way of life. It is invisible like the air, but as obvious as the ground below. It is dynamic and evolving. Culture is defined as an accumulated pattern of values, beliefs, and behaviors, shared by an identifiable group of people with a common history and verbal and nonverbal symbol systems (Neulip, 2012). One such identifiable group is the Japanese. They have selectively adapted to outside influences yet their evolving culture constantly remains sensitive to nature, time, space, honor, loyalty and sincerity. As a result of this adaptive style, the Japanese culture is distinctive and as a group they are survivors. Japan is a very homogenous culture with 98.5 percent of the population being ethnic Japanese (Martin, 2012). This factor alone identifies the Japanese as a macroculture, or group, which is not to be confused with a microculture. Microcultures are those identifiable groups of people who share a set of values, beliefs, behaviors and who possess a common history and a verbal and nonverbal symbol system that is similar to the dominant culture but varies in some way, perhaps subtly. Microcultures can be different from the larger culture in a variety of ways, most often because of race, ethnicity, language, or behavior. Generally, they are the result of immigration, annexation or colonization. Microcultures also inhabit the same geographical area as the macroculture. It is...
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...cross-cultural ethical differences between Japan and the United States. Marketing Approach It is important to become aware of the culture around you. Take into consideration what the culture is, the customs, the history, the language, and communication styles. What works in the United States and Great Britain will not necessarily work in Japan too. Marketing tools like commercials, slogans, and music will need to be researched prior to any rollout. The phrases or gestures alone could be enough to damage future success in the country. Because unspoken language can often tell businesspeople something that spoken language does not, they should know something about this form of cross-cultural communication. In Japan it is not considered professional to use extreme hand gestures or facial expressions. The Japanese are very formal and will expect you to dress your part and be prompt. Business in America over the years has given way to a casual approach to business, so gird up. Communication While doing business in Japan it is important to understand the differences in communication style. In the West it is acceptable to get to the point right away, but the Japanese business representatives will want to build a rapport with you first. Be aware that Japanese people tend to speak to topics in an indirect way, while the Americans tend to be more direct. If you are not aware of these two differences you may walk away from a meeting with a misunderstanding. It is important...
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