...12 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE (Cont..) (Cont..) MATURITY MATURITY OVER PERIOD OF 100 YEARS , RACHED ITS MATURITY OVER PERIOD OF 100 YEARS , RACHED ITS MATURITY LEVEL. LEVEL. MARKET SHARE BECOMINS ALMOST STAGNENT. MARKET SHARE BECOMINS ALMOST STAGNENT. SOME CUSTOMERS BECAME LOYAL WHILE SOME WENT SOME CUSTOMERS BECAME LOYAL WHILE SOME WENT FOR NEW PRODUCTS. FOR NEW PRODUCTS. SAME BRAND IMAGE LIMITED CONSUMER BASE. SAME BRAND IMAGE LIMITED CONSUMER BASE. DECLINE STAGE DECLINE STAGE SOAP MARKET FAIRLY SLUGGISH IN 2001. SOAP MARKET FAIRLY SLUGGISH IN 2001. LIFEBOUY SHARE DECLINED MORE THAN MARKET LIFEBOUY SHARE DECLINED MORE THAN MARKET DECLINE. DECLINE. 15- 20% DECLINE IN VOLUME OF SALE. 15- 20% DECLINE IN VOLUME OF SALE. REVIVAL PROMOTION INICIATIAVES INICIATIAVES LIFEBOUY NO LONGER A ‘CARBOLIC SOAP’. LIFEBOUY NO LONGER A ‘CARBOLIC SOAP’. ITS NOW A TOILET SOAP WITH DIFFERENT ITS NOW A TOILET SOAP WITH DIFFERENT ‘HEALTH’ FRAGANCE. ‘HEALTH’ FRAGANCE. SIZE, FORMULATION, PACKING, PERFUME HAD SIZE, FORMULATION, PACKING, PERFUME HAD UNDERGONE SEA CHANGE. UNDERGONE SEA CHANGE. FEOM FOCUS ON MALE, NOW FOCUS IS ON FEOM FOCUS ON MALE, NOW FOCUS IS ON WHOLE FAMILY. WHOLE FAMILY. REGAINED ITS POSITIO AS STRONGEST BRAND IN REGAINED ITS POSITIO AS STRONGEST BRAND IN SOAP MARKET. SOAP MARKET. MARKET SHARE SOLD IN INDIA FROM 1895. SOLD IN INDIA FROM 1895. OFFICIALY LAUNCHED IN 1935. OFFICIALY LAUNCHED IN 1935. SALE OF 5 Bn OVER WORLD IN A...
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...McDonald’s Corp has been experiencing some difficult times. Their fourth quarter profits have declined, from 1.4 billion the previous year and revenue has also fallen by almost 10%. It is shocking that the “world’s largest restaurant chain by sales,” quoted almost a 25% drop in earning in the 4th quarter. This decline has come as a result of the following challenges that are expected to last well into the first half of 2015- changes in consumer taste as well as McDonald’s mistakes with its menu. McDonald’s has discovered that it has lost customers to healthier food options as well as to its more prosperous competitors. In an attempt to improve itself, McDonald’s has produced the following goals: 1. Menu Cutbacks 2. More customizable options and 3. Image repair. In order to achieve the above goals, McDonald’s has launched a new campaign, rebranding its “I’m loving it” slogan. They have also reduced their number of store openings in the “hardest-hit markets,” thus enabling McDonald’s to invest that money into kiosks in order to reach the younger population. Additionally, McDonald’s has decided to sell some of their restaurants to franchisees, therefore reducing their experiences with risk. Lastly, McDonald’s has decided that they will not continue to increase their menu prices in order to offset cost. While McDonald’s continues to make the necessary changes, it is understood that their earnings will reflect the fluctuations of such. Although McDonald’s may be experiencing...
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...Based on an analysis of the last six months’ sales, your boss notices that sales of beef products are declining in your chain’s restaurants. As beef entrée sales decline, so do profits. Fearing beef sales have declined due to several newspaper stories reporting E. coli contamination discovered at area grocery stores, he suggests a survey of all area restaurants to see if the situation is persuasive. a. What do you think of this research suggestion? b. How if at all, could you improve on your boss’s formulation of the research question? There are many possible reasons that beef sales may be declining. Of the many possibilities the e coli contamination could be one of them but I would be cautious of assuming the situation is due to e coli news coverage. First I would also clarify the objective of the research. I would have to assume that my boss isn’t concerned that the local population isn’t eating enough beef. I would have to assume that the beef sales translate into something else that concerns my boss, such as a lower margin per entrée or lower revenues being generated by the store. Clarifying what the actual problem is would be my first step. Before surveying area restaurants I would begin with analyzing the data collected at my establishment. Are the customers in our store choosing options other than beef or do we just have fewer customers? An issue could be that customers are looking for healthier options. There could also be a local vegetarian or vegan...
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...According to the film “Silence of the Bees”, honeybees have become essential to our food supply. Humans all over the world rely on the bees and their pollination intensively. The honeybees pollinate about one third of the food that humans consume (Silence of the Bees, 2007). Without the bees humans would only be able to produce and consume wheat, corn, and rice (Silence of the Bees, 2007). Leaving humans without fruit and vegetables. Unfortunately, something has gone wrong and the bees have started to disappear without explanation and without a trace. For example in some regions of China the honeybees were completely killed because of pesticides. Owners of the pear trees were forced to pollinate by hand (Silence of the Bees, 2007). Researchers have tried to figure out what is the cause of their disappearance, but only have gained limited information. So far, they have named this phenomenon Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) (Cox-Foster & vanEngelsdorp, 2009). One of the symptoms of Colony Collapse Disorder are that the bees become disoriented and are not capable of returning to their hive once they go out to gather pollen (Silence of the Bees, 2007). Another symptom was that the bees started to act abnormal because their technique of communication changed. They did not do their waggle dance anymore to notify the other bees that there was an abundant source of pollen (Silence of the Bees, 2007). Those that were infected with a disease would leave the hive in order to not infect...
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...production of nuts, seeds, fruits and berries is highly dependent on pollination and bees are considered the prime pollinators. Brought to North America in 1600s, honeybees have become widely spread; they are bred because of their ability to produce honey and pollination which can be profitable. Honeybees are very important however, they are on the decline because of numerous factors such as the extensive use of chemical pesticides and herbicides, these chemicals are often sprayed on plants and can kill bees, there is a different type of chemicals that is integrated into the soil or the seed that grows and migrates into the stem, leaves, nectar, and pollen of plants. Radiations could a factor in the decline of bee populations, the increase of cell phones and wireless communication towers throughout the states may interfere with bees’ ability to navigate. “Radiation from mobile phones is interfering with bees' navigation systems, preventing the insects from finding their way back to the hive, according to a preliminary study by Jochen Khun's team at Landau University in Germany” (Vince para.2). Global warming may be a factor of the decline of bees, the dramatic weather changes that is happening to planet earth, the hot and cold winters, and the fires that occur every summer could be hurting the honeybees’ life span. An article found on the Agricultural research service website stated that: “Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) is a serious problem threatening the health of honey bees...
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...The Colony Collapse Disorder is a mystery that involves bees abandoning their hives which causes hives to fail and therefore bees are dying at alarming rates. About one third of the population of bees gets affected by these diseases that occur. (Walsh) The bees that get infected are the reasons why the hives collapse and lower the population of honey bees. Once the bees are infected they die off and cannot maintain the colony. In some cases bees are experiencing memory loss from contaminates and therefore they can not return to their hives. (Morris)The memory loss is a neurological phenomenon and happens quickly so that the bees can not carry out basic functions. In other cases the bees have deformed wings for no apparent reason and therefore...
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...The Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora) is native to the Mediterranean area. It is a very small plant, reaching up to 35 centimeters in height. It prefers to grow in calcareous soil in abandoned pastures and forest clearings mixed in with shrubs and brush. All members of the Ophrys genus are insect pollinated plants, but the Bumblebee Orchid also reproduces by root tubers, making it a very successful and dominant species among the group. Ophrys orchids are dormant underground bulbous tubers during the summer and develop leaves during the fall and a new tuber starts to grow until spring when the flowering stem grows. Each stem will grow 2 to 12 flowers that are unique from other orchids by their colors, shapes, and ingenuity the use to attract insects. Each Ophrys species has its own insect that it depends on for pollination. Bumblebee Orchids are completely dependent upon bumblebees (Eucera algira). Each flower has a lip that tricks the insect visually and by mimicking female pheromones that attract the males. The Bumblebee Orchid has 2 to 3 flowers that look and smell so much like female bumble bees, that the chemical signals stimulate the bees sexually. The smell, look, and feel of the lip of the flowers mimic female bumblebees so well, that the males attempt to copulate with the flower and pollen sacs stick to its head and abdomen. Bumblebee Orchid pollination is a precise process that requires the pollen sacs to shift into a position that allows it to stick to stigma...
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...To: Mr. Smith From: Zarife Mati Subject: Public Stand on Pesticides Date: December 2, 2014 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dear Mr. Smith The colony collapse disorder of bees has become a very problematic issue. Similar cases of large bee die-offs also began to be reported around the world. CCD is still a continuing problem, most notably in the United States, that could have huge impacts in biodiversity and our food stability. Colony collapse disorder is a growing issue in the United States that presents frightening agricultural problems, which may be hard to cure, based off of several possible causes acting together. The cause of CCD is currently unknown, so the name will likely change when new evidence is found. As of now there is no single cause can be attributed to CCD, but instead it is believed that many factors play a role in the collapse, which ranges from natural diseases to the way bees are managed. Pesticides work in ways that most people don’t notice or even think about on a daily basis. They provide immeasurable benefits to almost every walk of life. The contributions to society include protecting property, preventing disease, improving quality of life, and public health. Invasive pests transmitted some of the most dangerous and deadly diseases in the history of mankind. Pesticides keep poisonous and allergen-producing weeds at bay around homes and businesses. Both grocery stores and farming processes...
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...pollen is transferred when the insects fly from plant to plant and rub it off onto the stigma. Animals are attracted to the plants, usually because it gives off a strong aroma and color, that the animals like. They rub against the plants, collecting pollen in their fur, hair, or feathers, and carry it to new plants as they travel. Wind also pollinates plants by carrying pollen from plant to plant. Pollinators are essential for creating and improving our habitats and ecosystems. Recent studies show significant declines in pollinator populations. Hummingbirds, butterflies, bats, ants, and bees are the top 5 pollinators. However, bees are the real MVP when it comes to pollinating, they are the “bees knees”. Sadly, the dwindling number of bee communities, both wild and managed, pose a real threat to agriculture that could result in billions of dollars in economic losses, food shortages, and skyrocketing prices due to supply and demand. Culprits of the pollinator decline are pesticides, habitat destruction, and climate changes. Albert Einstein said, “If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, then man would have only four years of life left. No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man”. We must save our pollinators.. Reducing the use of pesticides, creating habitats by planting vegetation, and spreading the word about the vital contributions of our pollinators. Luckily, the fixes are all easy to implement, and everyone can play apart...
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...know that bees pollinate the majority of our fruits and vegetables? > Global Research of CA has found that just within the last five years, “30% of the national bee population has disappeared and nearly a third of all bee colonies in the U.S. have perished.” (Statistic, Global Research Of California) • Bees are going extinct at this high rate due to climate change, pesticides, diseases, and parasites. > Honeybees and the other pollinators have the invaluable job of pollinating that provides us with “approximately one-third of everything we eat!” according to OneGreenPlanet.org (Statistic, Tucker) • Yet we still take advantage and continue to let their population decline. » Today I will be talking about how pollination works, the benefits bees have on our world, and what people are doing to prevent the decline of the bee population any further. Transition: The most important thing that bees do is pollinate. Pollination is needed for plants to reproduce, and so many plants depend on bees as pollinators. (Explanation) Body #1 » When a bee comes to collect nectar and pollen from the flower of a plant, some pollen sticks to the hairs of their bodies. > When the bee travels to the next flower, some of the pollen, on its body, is rubbed off and fertilization is made possible. » Plants rely on bees and other insects to reproduce, so they have adapted to become more attractive to them. > Bees are drawn to plants with open flowers and lots of pollen and nectar. > A flower's...
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...Part #1 Questions: 1. What kinds of plants are pollinated by honeybees? Typical plants pollinated by honeybees are flowers as well as a large variety of other plants, however, not all. 2. What are some short and long term economic, social, and environmental repercussions of a widespread disappearance of honeybees? An economic effect of a widespread disappearance of honeybees is the loss of profit. If honeybees disappear, crops that depend heavily on pollination like blueberries and apples will suffer as well as the profit made (worth fourteen billion dollars). 3. Are larger or smaller honeybee operations more likely to experience Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)? Larger honeybee operations are more likely to experience Colony Collapse Disorder. 4. Hypothesize possible reasons for Colony Collapse Disorder. Potential causes of Colony Collapse Disorder could be a rapidly changing environment (which the honeybees could not adapt to), not enough plants for pollination (a lack of food), or dangerous pesticides and chemicals used on plants (that could harm bees). Part #2 Questions 1. As a class, list possible causes of CCD that Mark, Dave, and Tanya read about. Possible causes of CCD are newly discovered viruses from pathogens and parasitic infections. In addition, the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), causes honeybees to have a higher susceptibility to parasites. 2. How do Varroa mites and Nosema spores damage honeybee health? What are the disadvantages...
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...Does floral scents and red appearance of Calliandra haematocephala affect its pollinator attraction? Introduction Calliandra Haematocephala, a type of tropical plants, has attractive red flowers and floral scents. Due to high density of plants and lack of consistent wind, insects, such as bees, are main pollinators in tropical rainforest. In order to increase rate of reproduction, tropical plants need to have traits that attract their pollinators. According to previous experiments, Campanula has visual and olfactory attraction to Ch. Rapunculi. (Milet-Pinheiro, 2015). Cornus Capitata also provide visual and olfactory cues to its pollinators in order to have more attraction. (Song, 2015). Based on the results of previous experiments, it is reasonable to hypothesize that Calliandra Haematocephala’s floral scents and red appearance of its flowers affect its pollinator attraction. Method To prepare for this experiment, I will set up two greenhouses, G1 and G2, which have same size and room temperature range of 25°C-28°C. In each greenhouse, I will place separately four groups of Calliandra Haematocephala, twenty flowers per group, in four corners. Each of the groups should be five meters away from neighbors. In G1, I will label the four groups of Calliandra Haematocephala as A, B, C, and D. By using a paint sprayer containing red color, which should be exactly same as the color of the flowers, I will spray once on each flower in A so that not so much red painting color...
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...Life without Bees By: Aisha Walker The Current situation: Life without Bees Colony collapse disorder, as situation in which adult bees become crucial to the colony’s survival by abandonment of the hive by either dying or flying off. The disorder was uncannily reminiscent of the mysterious disappearance of the Mayans centuries ago, and as the crisis continued, researches scrambled to learn why our bees were declining and determine what to do. Colony collapse disorders has wiped out over 10 million bee hives percent annually in recent years and there are now about $2 billion over the past six years. The death rate for colonies has hit 30 the U.S; down from 6 million in 1947 and 3 million in 1990. That downward spiral leaves”virtually no cushion of bees for pollination’” the report authors write. In recent years, agricultural pesticides have become a leading suspect in bee deaths. Attention has focused on a class of chemicals called neonicotinoids as global concern grows over the bee population crash, which has affected several European countries too.But scientist increasingly believe several interacting factors from diseases carrying parasites to poor nutrition to pesticides and is responsible for the mass die off. For instance, the report says studies have shown that exposure to even non-fatal levels of neonicotinoids may make bees more susceptible to disease; and as agriculture becomes more industrial and natural habitats that formerly bordered farmland are destroyed...
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...Esplana (2013) cited that the estimated total demand of honey in the Philippines per year is about 370 to 535 tons and only about 150 tons are produced locally which come from four species of bees namely: Apis cerana (alig), Apis dorsata (ayukan), Tetragunola spp. (stingless bees, lukot or lukotan) and the Apis mellifera (foreign/European bee). According to the National Apiculture Research Training and Development Institute (NARTDI), in 2004, there were 434 beekeepers in the country but in 2012, the number reduced by almost half, only 261 beekeepers left. Based from records gathered by NARTDI (2016), at present, there are only 202 active beekeepers with a total of 1,434 colony holdings in the Philippines. Among the regions where there are beekeeping projects, Region 1 and the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), have the most number of beekeepers. With little knowledge about the honeybees and their importance to human life, it is of no doubt that there is a limited number of people who are into keeping Apis mellifera species of bees compared to other commodities like livestock and poultry which are common businesses to every Filipino. Nevertheless, there are passionate beekeepers who, despite various challenges (financial, social, environmental and other related problems), still continue to keep/raise honeybees not only for personal fulfilment but to also contribute to the planet’s overall protection and sustainability, and they succeeded. To date and based from records at...
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...Imagine a life when you would have to go to a museum every time you wanted to show your child how a honey bee looked like. Imagine a time when we would go to a park and see nothing more than grass. Imagine a time, when we would be on the verge of extinction where every human is fighting for every last resource left on the planet. The world as we know it would simply collapse! Pollinators play a key role in our survival as a species as they are solely responsible for the pollination of a large number of plant species. Without them, everything would simply collapse resulting in multiple adverse effects. The term “pollinator decline” means the reduction of the population of the very insect, or animal for that matter, which helps in the process of pollination. Plants being at the bottom of every food chain, the reduction of pollinators would mean the decrease of the rate of pollination, thereby decreasing the population of plants and consequently affecting the entire food chain. This has raised concern globally and has become a part of “biodiversity conservation...
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