...As the second president of the newly independent United States, John Adams faced many trials both in political dilemmas and in gaining the trust and respect of the population. As the successor George Washington, Adams was challenged by the judgement and criticism of his citizens, because he and his decisions were constantly compared to that of Washington, who was universally admired as a leader. Adams also faced challenges with foreign countries such as France, which tested the United States foreign policy of neutrality as the country developed its international identity. Similarly, Adams contended with the balance of power of political parties at the end of his Presidential term. These trials defined Adams’ presidency as they demonstrated...
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...APUSH Study Guide 8 A weak Confederacy and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Themes/Constructs: The federal Constitution represented a moderately conservative reaction against the democratilizing effects of the Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. The American Revolution was not a radical transformation like the French or Russian revolutions, but it produced political innovations and some social change in the direction of greater equality and democracy. The American Revolution did not overturn the social order, but it did produce substantial changes in social customs, political institutions, and ideas about society and government. Among the changes were the separation of church and state in some places, the abolition of slavery in the North, written political constitutions, and a shift in political power from the eastern seaboard toward the frontier. The first weak government, the Articles of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican...
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...Baptism of Pocahontas John Gadsby Chapman Artist I believe the artist portrayed reverence and family connection in this painting. He shows a convergence of Christianity and the uncivilized Indians. It shows that different tribes or civilizations can love each other even though their belief systems can remain somewhat different. This painting was commissioned in1836 and was placed in the Rotunda of the Capitol Building in 1840. William Henry was elected as President in 1840. During the time this painting was commissioned, the fight against slavery actually began and cotton prices went up. Women also became antislavery abolitionist, which help link the two fights together. A state education board was also started in Massachusetts. Declaration of Independence John Trumbull Artist This painting shows a group of individuals working for a better United States. The painting does not show the actual signing of the Declaration. It does show a united front with strength and authority around the desk being well balanced, which was a show of republicanism. I feel Trumbull portrayed this well with great detail of strength and authority in the face and stance of each individual. Trumbull was commissioned to do four paintings with this being the first completed and the first to be hung in the Capitol in 1819 and later was moved to the Rotunda in 1826. The painting was also one of four to be done in the Revolution-era. During this time period the founding fathers were...
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...The PurtianEra “Etienne Balibar has observed that Female; Authorizing American Identity, through a network of apparatuses and daily practices ,the individual is instituted as homo nationalis"( S, Rosenberg ,pp 482). [“Female authors were especially well equipped to take on the task of identity of female writers were especially well equipped to take on the task of identity construction ,painfully aware to write was to step beyond the bounds of gender, to be caught in Mary Rowlandson's account is quite traumatic and harsh, and yet she still finds a strong emotional security in God”] (M.Balkun, & S, Imbarrato, 1998). Mary Rowlandson gave her readers her one on one day to day experiences of her captivity with Native Americans during King Philip’s War. A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson publications still ranks as one of the greatest bestsellers in American literature. Rowlandson puritan housewife married to reverend and mother living in Lancaster, Massachusetts. In 1675, Native American attacked colonist after three tribesmen executed in Plymouth. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative started a major genre of religious writing and writing by women. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative started a major after Rowlandson captivate for 11 weeks, burned 1,200 homes, and killed 300 people. Rowlandson wrote Narrative as a religious piece telling the her people God saw her through the trauma and saved her . In Mary Rowlandson's captivity narrative...
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...Montesquieu. Many of these sources are distinctly English such as English common law, The Magna Carta. In regards to the specific comment above we look at the ‘Country Party’ and ‘The Cota Letters’. As an American I would like to think that our founding fathers’ have created something new and completely unique in t our country, however my readings have lead me to the understanding that the founding fathers had several sources of inspiration as to how to form and what kind of government to form in these states, united. The “Country Party” as mentioned in the quote above, is of particular importance to the ideas of Democracy, liberty, and freedom. The Country Party was especially inspired by political theorist, writer and philosopher Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke. Bolingbroke’s ideology was that of opposing the problems he saw with the current political climate in Great Britain The Country Party also harkens back to the writings of the seventeenth century writings of Harrington and Sidney. It was made up of Tories and unhappy Whig’s who sought to change the political structure that they feel is corrupt and threatening the liberties of Englishmen. In particular, the “Court Party” which is made...
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...Revolutionary Characters Gordan S. Woods Revolutionary characters, iis a compliation of essays and articles written over time by Gordan s. Woods. He was trying to teach his audience that our four fathers were a group of unique elite men that wanted to ensure our freedom, and our fatih in God. Wood believed that they were a group of self-made aristocrats that came together as a product of their time and vision for America's future. The founders derived a governemnt powered by its people that relied on a disinterested group of citizens to lead them forward. In order to elect the right leaders to run our country they felt our citizens needed to be educated, and have morals bassed on christianity. “As long as this Republic endures, he ought to be first in the hearts of his countrymen. Washington was truly a great man, and the greatest president we ever had.” Gordan S. Woods felt it necessary to start his book with George Washington, our first president. Woods goes on to say that it wasnt WAshington's intellect or writing ability that made him a great leader and set him apart from all others, it was his character. WAshington quickly realized the important of his position. He realized that his reputaiton would become indistinguishable from that of the government he would bring about. Washington was completely honest and refused a salary for his postion as commander and chief and president.Even before being elected as president he made sure to guard his reputation. It is easy...
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...Definition Essay: Democracy Read the following quotations: “There are two things which a democratic people will always find very difficult – to begin a war and to end it.” Alexis de Tocqueville (French Historian and Political Scientist, 1805-1859) “Democracy... while it lasts is more bloody than either [aristocracy or monarchy]. Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a democracy that did not commit suicide.” John Adams (Second President of the United States) “As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy.” Abraham Lincoln (Sixteenth President of the United States) “Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be governed no better than we deserve.” George Bernard Shaw (Irish Playwright and Essayist, 1856-1950) Write an essay in which you define the word Democracy. Basic Requirements: o Introduction paragraph with thesis statement (HINT: This thesis statement will propose your definition of the word Democracy.) o 2-3 body paragraphs that correlate with your thesis statement and support your definition o A concluding paragraph that reminds me of your key points and effectively argues your definition As you write your essay, you must: o Focus on defining the concept of Democracy. o Effectively organize your ideas using the provided graphic organizer. (A five-paragraph essay is not necessary; however, you do need a definite introduction, body and conclusion.) o Include supporting...
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...People of the American Revolution- Quotes Neither the wisest constitution nor the wisest laws will secure the liberty and happiness of a people whose manners are universally corrupt. Samuel Adams, essay in The Public Advertiser, 1749 "I cannot but lament . . . the impending Calamities Britain and her Colonies are about to suffer, from great Imprudencies on both Sides -- Passion governs, and she never governs wisely -- Anxiety begins to disturb my Rest." Benjamin Franklin, 1775 "Every kind of of service, necessary to the public good, becomes honorable by being necessary." Nathan Hale, when his friend, Captain William Hull, was accused of crossing enemy lines, 1776 I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. Nathan Hale, before being hanged by the British, September 22, 1776 ". . .In defence of the freedom that is our birthright. . .we have taken up arms. We shall lay them down when hostilities shall cease on the part of the agressors, and all danger of their being renewed shall be removed, and not before." John Hancock, In his pamphlet, Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of taking up Arms, July 6, 1775. From Revolution to Reconstruction "The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, New Englanders are no more. I AM NOT A VIRGINIAN, BUT AN AMERICAN!" Patrick Henry "I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death." Patrick Henry "The cement of this union is in the heart blood of every American."...
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...come up as often, but holds an equal amount of importance, is Mr. Benjamin Rush. Where Rush may not have been a decorated war veteran as George Washington, or even a brilliant inventor as Benjamin Franklin, Rush was a very important voice that helped shape the future of both politics and medicine in our country. Benjamin Rush’s work as a physician in the field of mental health dramatically increased the ability to diagnose and treat patients. Benjamin Rush also spoke out vehemently on the fair treatment of women, the abolishment of slavery, and against the use of Capital Punishment Benjamin Rush was born in the township of Byberry just fourteen miles outside of Philadelphia Pennsylvania in January of 1746. His father was a farmer, named John Rush, who died when Benjamin was just six years old. Susanna Hall Harvey, his mother, sold the family farm and moved into Philadelphia shortly after the death of Benjamin’s father and opened up a local grocery, which she ran successfully. Wanting a better life for her son, she had Benjamin move in with his uncle, Rev. Dr. Norman Finley who was a pastor and the headmaster at the Nottingham Academy. Dr. Finley, at the request of Benjamin's mother, provided Rush with the opportunity to receive a proper education he would not normally have the privilege of receiving working in the grocery After a few years of tutelage from his uncle, Rush attended the University of New Jersey (now known as Princeton) and quickly received his Bachelors of...
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...Female Education in the Early Republic Dr. Benjamin Rush was an advocate for a republican form of government after the Revolutionary War because he believed it was a way to distinguish the United States from Britain. As a part of the republicanism philosophy that he was promoting, he advocated for the proper education of women through many speeches including one influential speech called “The Education of Republican Women.” Dr. Benjamin Rush had many thoughts about the education of women, which included not reading novels, using ornamental accomplishments to yield principles and knowledge, and to help promote republicanism in the United States. Dr. Rush wanted to discourage young American women from reading novels because he thought they didn’t apply American life. He didn’t think that reading these novels filled with “extravagant love, jealousy, ambition or revenge” would help the American women in the life that she was facing. Dr. Rush didn’t dismiss all novels, but he did dismiss the subject matter of the novels. He believed that their time would be better spent studying concrete subjects that would help them work in the home and raise their children better, rather than wasting their time reading frivolous things that wouldn’t be helpful. Dr. Rush “tended to link a woman's need for knowledge to their duty as wives and mothers” and the topics talked about in novels didn’t pertain to their duties. He thought that women should be educated in things that would help...
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...Cristal Wilson- Hernandez Mrs. Hazelton English 11P Abagail Adams I believe to learn you must have the stride. Abigail Adams says "Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence." Abigail wife of John Adams and seen as a second first lady of the United States is stating that learning doesn't just come strolling around out of nowhere and you just get it. Learning is sought for with enthusiasm and you learn more and more if you put in the effort. Even though Abigail's greatest regret was her lack of education, her drive and enthusiasm for learning along with the advantage of her father's library made her one of the most recognized knowledgeable woman of her time. What influenced Abigail to value learning? Her parents values of education as well as her whole family believed strength and intelligence were highly valued in a woman. But more importantly the enlightenment also played a major role to influence Abigail. What is the enlightenment, the enlightenment gave rise to new ideals that would directly and indirectly blossom to what is the American Revolution and the idea of republican motherhood. Both of which were important to Abigail. These influences of both of her parents as well as the events and changes of the time. Led her to become ...
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...Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, wrote a letter to her son, John Quincy Adams, on January 12, 1780. In this letter, Abigail Adams spoke to her son about him traveling with his father overseas. Throughout her letter, she wishes her son luck on his voyage, and she also claims that he has incredible knowledge. She also mentions how much she cares for her son, and his character while he is traveling. In Abigail Adam’s letter to her son, she utilizes various rhetorical strategies, including ethical appeal, emotional appeal, and metaphors, to encourage him to do extraordinary things, and to become a great man. To begin, Abigail Adams uses a metaphor in the letter to encourage her son. For example, in her letter, she states: “Some author, that I have met, compares a judicious traveler to a river, that increases its stream the further it flows from its source; or to certain springs, which, running through rich veins of minerals, improve their qualities as they pass along.” (Adams) In this quote, Abigail Adams compares a travelers’ knowledge to the way a river flows. This quote means that a traveler increases their knowledge the further they stray from their homeland. Their increase of knowledge is compared to the stream that flows from the source of the river. Adams uses this comparison to...
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...Revolutionary War Comparison Essay Paul Revere was an exceptional silversmith who owned his own silver shop. Johnny at one point goes to Revere for assistance in a sugar container he is recreating for Paul Revere. Described at one point in novel as participating in the Boston Tea party, Paul Revere was a member of the Sons of Liberty and the Boston Observers. He participated several key events in the beginnings of the American Revolutionary War. Paul Revere is occasionally mentioned in the novel but, nonetheless was a hero of the Revolutionary War. A prodigious silversmith Paul Revere is memorialized for his ride on the night of April 19, 1775, to warn the American militia of the advancing British troops. Josiah Quincy was the lawyer who...
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...British could be handled. If they were not dealt with now, it would happen eventually. They are slowly becoming historical. McCullough's writing is smooth and articulate, keeping the reader interested with vivid language. He uses the most recent historical information available, keeping a sharp eye for detail. His writing style gives the reader an insight to the year 1776, which will change their view and appreciation of the conflict forever. McCullough also includes some information of the contributions to the American Revolution to give a clear explanation of the roots. Many key historical figures are intertwined into the book to tell the reader the story of the people they may know like King George III, General George Washington, John Adams, Lord Howe, and Henry Knox, and some that the reader most likely does not know such as Thomas Hickey, Colonel Moses Little, and Mrs. Robert Murray. Most often tend to think of the year 1776 as a great year of success and glory, but this book shows that with that success and glory, there was also defeat, hardship, and misery. They were able to overcome all their adversity for success. The Americans had faced more defeat than the British, but still lead the colonies to victory and independence. Molly Hackman ...
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...In the letter written by Abigail Adams to her son John Quincy Adams, who at the time was traveling with his father, a United States diplomat and the country’s second president. Abigail expresses to John Quincy Adams how important it is to take advantage of the great opportunity and to never stop excelling in life no matter what he may face. Through the use of parallel structure, imagery, and allusions, Abigail Adams effectively advises her son to be better, to make his nation and better and to excel in the high expectation that is given to him. All through her letter, Adams utilizes her honest tone to encourage her son to make his parents and his nation happy. She consistently uses the words "my son", from the earliest starting point beginning off her letter with "my dear son", to the end. She does this to advise him that despite the fact that she talks formally, with great detail and expectation, she doesn’t want him to think that he...
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