...John F. Kennedy played a significant role in more crises than one, specifically during the Cold War. A large portion of the Cold War crises consisted between the United States and the Soviet Union, which led to a worldwide fear of a nuclear war. John F. Kennedy entered his presidency during the midst of these crises, and decided that he needed to take the responsibility upon himself to handle the situations, resolve them, and preferably, avoid another high cost war, as the United States had just ended the second World War after Japan’s surrender. Throughout this essay, John F. Kennedy’s role during the Berlin Crisis is detailed. But, before the role of the President can be discussed, the reader must first understand the Berlin Crisis, and the...
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...New Frontier: At his inauguration Kennedy challenged all Americans to reach the “New Frontier.” The name that John F. Kennedy gave to his program for America’s future. Peace Corps: A program established by JFK, one of the most successfully. Thousands of ideologist Americans heated his call and helped JFK. Many became teachers, health care workers, and technicians in less developed countries. Bay of Pigs Invasion: Shortly After JFK was president, he approved the invasion of Cuba by Cuban nationals who wanted to overthrow, Soviet backed, Communist dictator. JFK supported the overthrow as a means of containing the expansion of communism, but when JFK refused to give U.S. air support, the Invasion at the Bay of Pigs was doomed and tuned into political fiasco. JFK aimed to rally the Cubans and hoped they would want Independence and fight. However, the result was rather disappointing, when JFK refused to give air support, it made them angry....
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...John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly known by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until he was assassinated in November 1963. After military service as commander of Motor Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World War II in the South Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated vice president and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. At age 43, he was the youngest to have been elected to the office,[2][a] the second-youngest president (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president.[3] To date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.[4] Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race—by initiating Project Apollo (which would culminate in the moon landing), the building of the Berlin Wall, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and charged with the crime that night. Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later...
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...Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy Adrienne DeBrew-Williams POL300011VA016-1134-001 Dr. Cronin June 4, 2013 My initial paper was on President John F. Kennedy’s ‘Flexible Response’ doctrine. This doctrine was initiated as a means to having alternative methods of dealing with a crisis that could lead to war. The premise then was to prevent war in any form from occurring. But Flexible Response also meant that if provoked or attacked that the United States would indeed defend itself. When Flexible Response was indoctrinated, the U.S. had already had a shaky relationship with Cuba, with which whom the doctrine was set against. The President had allowed a group of armed militias to enter Cuba to overthrow the government, they were unsuccessful. Cuba Cuba is the largest of the islands located in the West Indies. It is 42,803 square miles and just ninety miles from the coastline of the Florida Keys. A person leaving the tip of Florida could travel there in roughly one hour. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis the United States had a vested interest in the country, its economics and its politics. Cuba had traded sugar, tobacco and even tourism with the U.S. and many American people had land, homes and businesses there. In fact the relationship likened to that of a parent/child, the U.S. was considering annexing Cuba, with the country being only 90 miles off the coast of Florida, why not? We were assisting them financially, militarily and to some degree politically. I lieu of all...
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...Modern America (1890’s) >Civil war (1861-1865) Fredrick Jackson Turner >Speech at the Chicago world’s tour fair (1893) “And new, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.” Modern Corporation (Began in 1850’s) Charter from a state Capital- Sale of stocks Limited personal liability Civil war Swift Meats Borden Dairy and groceries Carnegie – R.R’s and Steel Andrew Carnegie wrote in 1886 “if I asked what important law I should change, I would say none the laws are perfect” 1860 | 1900 Number of Americans 31 mill | 70 Mill Manufactured Goods 2 bill | 11 bill Miles of Rail Roads 30,000 | 200,00 Iron and Steel Production 0 | World’s largest Number of Industrial workers2.7Mill (40% of entire U.S. Population )|13 mill (65% of U.S. Population) America As A world Power ( the 1890’s) >European “imperialism” v American Imperialism (trade economic advantage) >from 1870-1900 America’s New Empire {18 Million square miles (1/5 of the earth’s land)~ 150 million people} >The 1875 Economic Depression Overseas markets for American goods (unemployment) >Need to sell a broad 70 % U.S. cotton / 40% U.S. wheat /50% U.S. copper /15% U.S. iron steel / 16% U.S. agricultural equipment to find overseas buyers – U.S. State...
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...10/13/06 American History Essence Harden 5/2/00 African-American Civil Rights “Struggle is a never ending process. Freedom is never really won. You earn it and win it in every generation.” –Coretta Scott King, page666 The 1960’s were a time of great turmoil in America and throughout the world. One of the main topics that arouse was black civil rights. In my essay I plan to compare the difference of opinion between these particular writers and directors, towards racism and the civil rights movement in the 1960’s The movement truly got underway with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X in the early 1960’s. Students who wanted to bolt on the equality and protest bandwagon quickly followed. Most of the students went to the Southern states (Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, etc.), to stop the racism and hate crimes. The truth of the matter is that the violence and abhorrence would get worse before it got better. The Klan became stronger and more violent, committing many more lynching and gruesome murders. Bit by bit most of the Caucasian Americans came around to the idea of integration, and did not believe that the African Americans as a ‘threat’ anymore. The only reason that this great monumental change occurred was because of the great leadership of Malcolm X, Martin Luther King jr., and not to mention the thousands of other less famous civil rights leaders, that worked to change the views of their community. There also where lobbyist and protesters...
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...rights activist took to the streets to protest but that turned into one of the most horrific scenes in our nation history. They were viciously attacked by dogs and sustain by fire hoses. A few weeks after this there was a small incident at University of Alabama were two black students were not accepted in by Gov. Wallace but he was overruled by President John F. Kennedy. He also gave a speech that same night saying he was going to present a civil rights bill to the Congress. Just as things were looking for Civil Rights Movement one of their infamous and one of their major leaders, Medgar Evers, was murdered outside his Mississippi home by the KKK that same night. But on August 28, 1963 the whole world would change as we know it because on this day Martin Luther King Dr. delivered the famous “I Have A Dream” speech at the March on Washington. This is probably one of most influential speeches ever given in American History. Just as things were looking like they were about to change for good, church bombs begin to happen Alabama. Dozens were injured and four little girls were killed and if this wasn’t sad enough President John F. Kennedy was assassinated later that year. This unfair and cruel society were one race succeed the other was perfectly depicted in King’s “I Have A Dream Speech”. In the beginning he tells the audience how black people are still in the same...
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...| The Assassination of President Kennedy | | | | | | | | | In 1963 a lot of events happened, like the earthquake that destroyed a village in Libya, Iron man deputes in the Marvel Comic Books, and the assassination of President John F Kennedy. The Assassination of President Kennedy happened on Friday, November 22 at 12:30 p.m. during a motorcade. The Motorcade was carrying the president to a Luncheon speech at the Trade Mart that was when the shot was fired. One shot was fired and that bullet did a lot of damage, it hit the president and the Governor of Texas. The bullet entered into President Kennedy’s head, and the same bullet hit the governors lower back, damaged the vertebrae, and the right lung. After the shooting they fled the president and the governor to the Parkland Memorial Hospital, which the staff pronounced Kennedy dead and the governor was in critical care...
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... John F. Kennedy (USA President: 1961-1963) November 22, 1963 |October 28, 1962 |October 22, 1962 |October 16, 1962 |May 25, 1961 |January 20, 1961 |November 8, 1960 |May 29, 1917 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |JFK is assassinated while riding through the streets of Dallas, Texas. Lyndon Johnson becomes president |Soviet Union agrees to remove its missiles from Cuba |JFK announces naval quarantine of Cuba |The U.S. obtains photos of Soviet missile emplacements in Cuba, bringing about the Cuban Missile Crisis |President John F. Kennedy's "Man on the Moon" Address |John F. Kennedy is sworn in as President of the United States and makes his inaugural address |JFK defeats Nixon and becomes president |Birth of John F. Kennedy in Brookline, Massachusetts | | Meital David – ID#: 039024898 Alon E. Nachmany – ID#: 302259593 John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917, into a rich, politically connected Boston family of Irish-Catholics. Even though his childhood was abundant with frequent and serious illnesses; John still strove to create his own path in life, writing a best-selling book, while still attending Harvard University, and volunteering for combat in World War II. After the war, John pursued journalism, but soon after entered politics, serving the US House of Representatives (1947 – 1953) and the Senate (1953 – 1961). The most significant events in Kennedy's life were soon to follow. After making his mark in the political field, Kennedy announced...
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...simplified, on the solutions of two men – president of the United States of America, John F. Kennedy and president of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev. I will try to focus on the particular question, which is – why did the Soviet Union decide to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. I have chosen this question because it is the principle of the crisis. Looking on it from different points of view will secure the objectivity of the conclusions. First, I will analyze it with using the theory of Constructivism, then I will use the Game theory. Realism In realism, states are the principal actors in the international system, which is anarchic. States look on their own interests and they are rational unitary actors. Placing of the missiles in Cuba was in conflict of the Soviets behavior and their statements: The Soviets gave every indication of sensitivity both to American strategic interests and to the president's political needs. In their September 4 meeting, Ambassador Dobrynin called on Robert Kennedy to relay a confidential promise from Chairman Khrushchev that the Soviet Union would not create any trouble for the United States during the election campaign.(reading the lessons page 3)Moreover, a Soviet official in Washington used by Khrushchev as his personal courier to the White House, conveyed a message directly from Khrushchev and Foreign Minister Anastas Mikoian. They assured Kennedy that "no missile capable of reaching the United States would be placed in Cuba."(reading...
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...Second World War in the south pacific, John Kennedy stood for Massachusetts eleventh congressional district in the United States House of the legislature from 1947 to 1953 as a democrat. Later, he served in the United States council from 1953 to 1960. John Kennedy crushed the deputy President and Republican aspirant Richard in the 1960 United States presidential voting. At forty three years, he was the most young to have been nominated to the presidential office, the second-youngest President following Theodore Roosevelt, and the foremost person born in the 20th century to become the president. As a Roman catholic, John Kennedy was the only non-protestant president, and was the only president who won a Pulitzer award. Events all through his presidency incorporated the Cuban missile emergency, Bay of Pigs attack, the construction of the Berlin wall, the African American national rights group, the space race, and early phases of the Vietnam warfare. Therein, John Kennedy added the number of military force advisers, helicopters and the special operation services in an attempt to curb the increase of Marxism in South East of Asia. Kennedy’s administration approved the policy of the tactical hamlet program which was executed by the South Vietnamese administration. The policy involved certain compulsory relocation, segregation and village internment of country South Vietnamese from the southern and northern communist uprisings. John Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 on 22nd November...
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...The movie Thirteen Days directed by Roger Donaldson is about the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. It is often referred to as a docudrama as it is very entertainment oriented but still remains close to the roots of what actually happened. Since it was produced at a later date than many other films portraying the events, Thirteen Days was able to access recently declassified information which helped in attaining a more historically accurate film. Although there were some discrepancies with what happened in real life compared to the film. The year is 1962 and American surveillance planes discover that the USSR is in the process of placing nuclear ballistic missiles in Cuba. The missiles have a said capability to reach 80 million Americans striking every major city but Seattle. As well they are capable of reaching the majority of the United States Air Force bomber bases effectively crippling their ability to retaliate. It is a race to find a means of removing the missiles before they become operational. Thus the problem for the President is to decide whether to use force or diplomatic means to keep the missiles un-operational. Initial diplomatic attempts to come to a peaceful conclusion fail and the Secretary of Defence proposes a naval blockade which they call a “quarantine” and if the Soviets ignore the blockade, the Navy will forcibly remove the ships from going to Cuba. This would quickly escalate the situation which is clearly what the Secretary of Defence wanted but the President...
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...Fact and Fiction of Irish Americans History of the Immigration Beginning almost 300 years ago Irish immigrants were among the first large groups of people to migrate to the New World. With years of wars, famine, and religious persecution in Ireland, these people came to America to build a new life. Not afraid of hard work the Irish came and built a life they could be proud of; although the Irish American believes that they have been victim of discrimination. NINA ‘No Irish Need Apply’ and WASP ‘White Anglo Saxon Protestant’ is and ingrained belief that the Irish American’s “remember” (Jenson, 2004). Another current issue is the unjust treatment of the Irish seeking political asylum in the United States (McElrath, 1997). The first Irish immigrants came in the 1580s to the Carolinas long before the founding of the United States of America. It is believed that possibly hundreds of thousands of Protestant Irish immigrated in these early years. This is contrary to the urban myth of the Irish Catholic American origins (Meagher, 2009). The next big migration of Irish to America was in the 1700s to 1820s. These immigrants assimilated easily into the American way of life as most prospered at a rate that could not have been conceived in Ireland. “Nearly half of General Washington’s continental arm, including 1492 officers and 22 generals, were of Irish descent” (American Immigration law Foundation, 2001, p. 1). Even with the influx of Irish throughout early history of America...
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...confusion for the United States, as well as the terms of three presidents: John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon. When U.S. involvement in the war began under Kennedy, it was originally put out as a plan for the United States to only aid the South Vietnamese, but, after his assassination, Johnson was put in charge. The path that the war took under Johnson was filled with controversy and large numbers of casualties. When Johnson did not run for a second term, Nixon was left in charge to ultimately turn things around. Soon, all of the American troops were removed from Vietnam, and the war slowly began to come to a close. But what was it about Nixon’s foreign policy that was so much more successful than Johnson’s? Was Nixon’s policy more closely related to Kennedy’s successful strategy than Johnson’s was, and, if so, why didn’t Johnson do a better job modeling his policy after Kennedy? These are all questions that political scientists still look at today as a way to solve the many questions that are still being posed about the war. I have looked deeply into these questions, and found answers through researching the history of Vietnam as well as the three presidents. As I read about each event that unfolded, it became clear to me why there were such drastic differences involving their results. Before the election of President Kennedy, the United States was led by President Eisenhower. Kennedy did a good job continuing his predecessor’s policies of avoiding military...
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...Cammie Benoit History 202 Final Paper Document58: John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Inaugural Address (1961) And Document 75: Ronald Reagan’s First Inaugural Address, January 20, 1981 Two of the United States most beloved Presidents were John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan. Each of these two men made memorable and important inaugural addresses. Although Kennedy was a Democrat and Reagan a Republican, both of these men believed in their country and understood the sacrifices required for freedom and liberty. In John F. Kennedy’s speech, he made a clear statement to the citizens of the United States along to all the other nations that he believed that the freedom of the United States was very important. He stated that he was willing to fight and defend the liberty of the United States at any cost. He remembered the sacrifices that others had paid by their lives for freedom and would not let it be for nothing. He made it clear that he stood behind the military and there would be nothing he would stop at to insure that their sacrifices were worthwhile. He also ensured the maintained alliances with old allies. He reiterated his appreciation to the allied nations for their past and continuingly loyalty and promised that the United States would continually support and defend them. Kennedy reminded the allies that, separately, there is little each nation can do but when they bond together many things can be accomplished. He also vowed to help and support the nations under oppression...
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