...RESEARCH ON JOINT VENTURE IN THE PHILIPINES Group Research Work Submitted to the Ramon V. Del Rosario College of Business De La Salle University – Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the requirements in BUS520M Business Law Submitted by: GROUP 4 Amparo, Lourdes Lagman, Mia Marie Legaspi, Jill Noreen Submitted to: Atty. Antonio Ligon April 6, 2016 I. Background 1. Philippine Business a. History 2. Doing business in the Philippines b. Forms of business 3. Definition and Origin of Joint Venture (JV) II. Statement of the Problems 1. What are the applicable laws in joint ventures? 2. What are the tax implications? 3. Are our current joint venture laws sufficient? Especially with the Asean integration? III. Statement of Objectives The research study aims to: 1. Identify the applicable laws in joint ventures 2. Identify the tax implications in joint ventures 3. Identify insufficiencies (if any) in our current joint venture laws and make recommendations IV. Discussion 1. Nature of Joint Ventures in Philippine setting 2. Governing Laws 3. Foreign Investments 4. Scope of Joint Venture Business Activity 5. Taxes in Joint Venture 6. Example of JVs in the Philippines V. Analyses VI. Recommendations VII. Learning Points VIII. References I. Background of Philippine Business History Historians state that the early start of business...
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...Chapter 9 1. One of the most common entry strategies for MNCs is the joint venture. Why are so many companies opting for this strategy? Would a fully owned subsidiary be a better choice? 1） wholly owned subsidiary is an overseas operation that is totally owned and controlled by an MNC. This option is often pursued by smaller companies, especially if international or transaction costs, such as the cost of negotiating and transferring information, are high. When MNCs make an initial investment in the form of a wholly owned subsidiary in a foreign country, it is sometimes referred to as “greenfield” or de novo (new) investment. The primary reason for the use of wholly owned subsidiaries is a desire by the MNC for total control and the belief that managerial efficiency will be better without outside partners. Due to the sole ownership, it has been found that profits can be higher with this venture and that there are clearer communications and shared visions. However, there are some drawbacks. Typically, wholly owned subsidiaries face a high risk with such a large investment in one area and are not very efficient with entering multiple countries or markets. This can also lead to low international integration or multinational involvement. Furthermore, host countries often feel that the MNC is trying to gain economic control by setting up local operations but refusing to include local partners. Some countries are concerned that the MNC will drive out local enterprises...
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...idea of joint ventures in the universal vitality division and builds up a joint endeavor model, as a business advancement and evaluation device. The joint endeavor model displays an orderly strategy that depends on present day business brainpower to evaluate a potential business wander by utilizing an adjusted score card method to screen potential accomplices, in view of their mechanical and budgetary center abilities. The model can be utilized by business improvement administrators to saddle the capability of joint dares to make monetary development and reasonable business extension. Besides, associations with nearby organizations can help to moderate econo-political hazard, and encourage purchase in from the national governments that are ordinarily the essential partners in the vitality area wanders (specifically or in a roundabout way). The specific instance of Eskom Enterprises (Pty) Ltd, a completely claimed auxiliary of Eskom, is highlighted. Table of Contents 1. BACKGROUND 4 2. INTRODUCTION 4 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT 5 4. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF A JOINT VENTURE STRATEGY 5 4.1 What are joint ventures? 5 4.2 The elements of business strategy 6 4.3 Partnership capabilities: a value-added perspective 7 5. ALIGNING THE TECHNO-FINANCIAL STRATEGIES OF PARTNERS 8 5.1 Technology strategy 9 5.2 Financial strategy 10 5.3 The need for a strategic fit between partners 11 6. THE JOINT VENTURE MODEL (JVM). 12 6.1 RECOMMENDATION FOR THE FIRM OF JOINT VENTURE 13 PHASE...
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...Joint ventures with Chinese companies Some multinational companies have opened subsidiaries in China through joint ventures with Chinese companies. Not all of them are successful though; there are advantages and disadvantages of such joint ventures. In the last years, China has emerged as “a worldwide economic powerhouse”[1], becoming more and more attractive as a joint venture partner for multinational companies in order to gain access to the Chinese market. Foreign companies can profit from Chinese knowledge of the Chinese market, their contacts to important government institutions, their knowledge of the Chinese way to do business and Chinese regional characteristics. Cheap production opportunities and an already existing team of workers can also be a huge advantage for them. In addition to that, the companies can save money and reduce their risks should a particular project fail through resource and capital sharing.[2] Especially advances in technology are really expensive, therefore pooling money and personnel can cut costs significantly. The German carmaker Daimler AG for example has recently been involved in a joint venture with China’s BYD Co Ltd to produce electric cars. That way, they are sharing the high costs of producing such a car.[3] The foreign business partner usually contributes to the cooperation with know-how about production procedures and techniques as well as excellent distribution strategies and managerial expertise. Moreover, joint ventures give...
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...MODES OF ENTRY USED BY INTERNATIONAL FIRMS TO ENTER INTO NEW MARKETS. TERMPAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE GLOBAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, AND UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. DATE17TH MARCH 2012 Modes of entry used by international firms to enter into new markets. Introduction A mode of entry into an international market is the channel which an organization employs to gain entry to a new international market. International firms use several entry modes to expand their businesses globally, and to enter into new markets, there are some basic decisions that the firm must takes before foreign expansion like: first they determine which markets to enter, when to enter those markets, and on what scale. The decision on which foreign markets to enteris based on the nation’s long run profit potential.-The international firm looks in detail at economic and political factors which influence foreign markets.-Long run benefits of doing business in a country depends on following factors:- Size of market (in terms of demographics)- The present wealth of consumer markets (purchasing power)- Nature of competition. By considering such factors firm can rank countries in terms of their attractiveness andlong-run profit. The time of entry is an important factor to be considered. Entry is early when an international business enters a foreign market before other foreign firms and late when it enters after other international businesses...
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...IFRS 11: Joint Arrangements Contents I: Objectives and references 1 IA: Outcomes 2 IB: References 3 2: How to distinguish between jointly controlled operations and ventures 5 Structure of the arrangement 6 Legal forms 6 Contractual arrangements 7 Other information 7 3: How to account for a joint operation 8 4: How to account for a joint venture 13 5: Disclosure 16 6: Case Study: Group Five 16 I: Objectives and references Objectives When you have completed studying the material provided in these notes together with IFRS 11 and you have completed the set tutorials without referring to the solutions you should be able to meet the following outcomes. These outcomes and competencies must be read in conjunction with the analysis of core and financial reporting competencies presented in the course Introduction. The following key is used to identify the professional competencies that are used to develop the outcomes listed below. |IC1 |obtains information | |IC4 |communicates effectively and efficiently | |IC2-2 |performs calculations | |IC2-4 to IC2-6 |evaluates information and ideas | | |Outcome |Financial Reporting Competency |Professional |Focus |Tut | | | ...
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...Joint venture An international joint venture means establish a firm that is jointly owned by two or more independent firms, the most joint venture is 50/50 venture，and each of parts holds a 50% ownership stake and contributes a team of managers to share operating control. It is quick and easy way to new market by using local partner’s knowledge, local network. Joint venture has a number of advantages. Firstly, IJVs enable companies to access complementary assets and resources. Secondly, it requires less investment compared to complete ownership. It can help reducing operating and political risks, this means the risks and costs will be shared. Thirdly, it can help companies overcome host-government regulations. Eg Tata group enter into China by joint venture with Chery Car Company in order to address regulations. The disadvantages of JV include: firstly, firms have risk of potential leakage of intellectual property. Secondly, The JVs does not give a firm the tight control over subsidiaries. Thirdly, different goals and culture will lead to conflicts between firms. Partner selection In selecting the IJV partners, companies must evaluate the potential partner’s resources, motivation and compatibility. Such as physical assets (buildings, plant, equipment); intangible assets (brands, contacts, quality of customer relationships); organizational capabilities (managerial competence, employee loyalty); moreover, current markets, product ranges and production locations;...
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...Executive Summary Joint venture is method or an approach which allows companies to further their interest internationally without taxing their resources b having a partner who is compatible to work on the project albeit in short term or long term project. Joint venture allows companies to pool their resources together and benefit each of the companies in reaching their potential. Apart from that, joint venture also allows company to complement each other short coming with what they do best. This is evidently shown when discussing Daicel Evonik Ltd where Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd and Huels AG complement each other in term market knowledge and technological capabilities know-how among them. But then, joint venture does have limitation where culture plays an important barrier to achieve success. In Danone Co. Ltd and Wahaha Co. Ltd which will be discussed further, the dissolution of ventureship between these two companies can be attribute to communication particularly in conflict management. Thus, managing cultural differences is important especial in term of managing conflict among the partners. Conflicts are parts of life and may appear in any organization. They particularly often occur in hybrid organizations whose parents coming from different cultures, different countries with different ways of thinking and doing things. Knowing how to management conflict with proactive approach (minimize conflicts to happen) and reactive approach (resolve conflicts) is crucial for firms...
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...PREPARED FOR: MADAM NORHANINAH BT A.GANI CONTENT: JOINT VENTURE DEFINITION: An association of two or more individuals or companies engaged in a solitary business enterprise for profit without actual partnership or incorporation; also called a joint adventure. A joint venture is a contractual business undertaking between two or more parties. It is similar to a business partnership, with one key difference: a partnership generally involves an on-going, long-term business relationship, whereas a joint venture is based on a single business transaction. Individuals or companies choose to enter joint ventures in order to share strengths, minimize risks, and increase competitive advantages in the marketplace. Joint ventures can be distinct business units (a new business entity may be created for the joint venture) or collaborations between businesses. In collaboration, for example, a high-technology firm may contract with a manufacturer to bring its idea for a product to market; the former provides the know-how, the latter the means. All joint ventures are initiated by the parties' entering a contract or an agreement that specifies their mutual responsibilities and goals. The contract is crucial for avoiding trouble later; the parties must be specific about the intent of their joint venture as well as aware of its limitations. All joint ventures also involve certain rights and duties. The parties have a mutual right to control the enterprise...
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...1.0 Executive Summary This report aims to analyze and evaluate the international joint ventures conducted by one of the world best low cost airlines, Air Asia, through their operation years. In particular, Air Asia Indonesia, Thailand, Expedia and Air Asia Japan are being chosen to probe into This research put priority on the factors that turn Air Asia Indonesia, Expedia and Air Asia Thailand into a success throughout their operational year. The Successful International Joint Ventures of Air Asia have gained themselves the benefits from acquainting the right market orientations, in which they have secured a great amount of customers respectively. This leads Air Asia Indonesia and Air Asia Expedia to gain a massive profit and become the dominant airline being in their respective nations. Besides, the commitment is also one of the main contributing factors to the success of Air Asia IJV as well as Economy conditions of host countries had been a major factor to success in IJV. In depth analysis of local GDP of Thailand had granted Thai Air Asia to achieve their business objectives. Throughout the research, it shows that Air Asia Expedia and Thai Air Asia and Indonesia Air Asia have spared no efforts in order to succeed in the aviation industry. Conversely, this research also identified a failed IJV in Air Asia operation with Japan. The main reason behind this failed IJV was usage difficulties found in online booking website of Air Asia. These factors have led to Air Asia Japan...
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...INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES AND THE U.S. AUTO INDUSTRY Darwin Wassink Robert Carbaugh In 1983 General Motors Inc. and Toyota Inc. formed a joint venture, the New United Motor Manufacturing Inc., to assemble auios in the United States. For Toyota, the venture was a first attempt to locate production in America. General Motors viewed the venture as a means of learning how to produce low-cost, high quality, small vehicles. Facing an onslaught of anti-union Japanese firms, the United Auto Workers had to demonstrate that unions would not be an impediment to Japanese production in the United States. By 1986 the venture was termed a success. This paper considers the welfare effects of international joint ventures among compettng manufacturers, as applied to the U.S. auto industry. Darwin Wassink is Professor of Economics at the University of WisconsinEau Claire. Previously he served as an economist in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Robert Carbaugh is Associate Professor of Economics at Central Washington University. He is author of International Economics and coauthor of The International Monetary System. ISSN: 088i~390H. THE iNTERNATlONAL TRADEJOVRNAL,Volu>ne I No. I. hall 1986 47 48 THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOURNAL The American auto industry is undergoing an evolution in which the "all American car" is rapidly becoming a thing of the past. Although American automakers will continue to develop and build their own mid-size and large autos in the...
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...What is a Joint Venture? Joint ventures can take on many looks, but the basic gist is that two or more companies come together to pool their talents, resources and customer lists for the benefit of all. The joint venture allows you to share advertising dollars for a more effective campaign and gives you the opportunity to ride the coattails of a bigger, more established company in order to boost your reputation and build your customer base. Most joint ventures take place between related companies that share a similar target market, but do not compete directly in the goods and services they offer. Benefits of a Joint Venture There are many reasons to consider jumping into a joint venture with another small business, including: * Access to a whole new target market through your JV partner * The ability to reach a larger market base through pooled resources * The opportunity to capitalize on the established reputation of a more experienced business * The sharing of risks, as well as resources, to make your advertising dollar stretch further * Access to resources you may not have had in the past, such as specific skills your JV partner brings to the table that you did not currently have in your own labor pool * Access to new markets and distribution networks increased capacity sharing of risks and costs with a partner access to greater resources, including specialized staff, technology and finance; * Growth without having to borrow funds or look for...
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...Danone’s entry mode in China Basically, Danone chose joint venture as their entry mode at the early stage of entering Chinese market. More specifically, in 1996, they began a joint venture with the other two companies: Hangzhou Wahaha Group Corparation (Wahaha Group) and a Hong Kong corporation called Bai Fu Qin (Baifu), and formed five new subsidiaries in China. However, it should be noted that Danone and Baifu did not directly invest in the JV, but established Jin jia Investment, a new corporation in Singapore instead with Danone as their controlling shareholder. In this case, Wahaha Group held 49 percent of the entire shares of JV while Jinjia owned the remaining 51 percent. The reasons why Danone decided to form a joint venture rather than a wholly owned subsidiary or other formats can generally be associated with the considerable benefits they may gain from it. Firstly, as a French company who has just entered the Chinese market for no more than 10 years since 1980s at that time, Danone’s knowledge about domestic market was still limited and may face a challenge if they run their business solely. Therefore, it is essential for them to learn from their partner in terms of related market knowledges, such as the competitive conditions, culture, political and business systems in China. Secondly, the partnership enabled Danone to share related costs and risks of developing a new product or process, in turn, led to the increase in their profit margin. It can be generally seen...
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...Market Failure Paper: Case of TCL and Alcatel Joint Adventure Jennifer Long Grand Canyon University: ECN 601 April 11, 2012 In the contemporary society, many multinational enterprises would like to use joint venture as their favorite entry mode due to its unique advantages, such as: directly access to the partner’s knowledge, sharing development costs and risks. Meanwhile, it is important to figure out the factors that will cause failure of a joint venture. Some major factors are culture difference, poor leadership and insufficient planning which are all fatal to the operation of joint venture. Cultural differences have direct influences on international joint venture performance through management practice and organizational learning; poor leadership will result in bad business integration and even wasting the preciously initial funds; insufficient planning may trouble company in the long term. In the article from the China Daily, many Chinese companies are now hoping to utilize global partnerships to make inroads in the major international markets (China Daily, 2011). If a company wants to speed up the expansion, it may decide to use surplus resources or raise further cash by cooperating with another existing business. Joint venture can be defined as an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together. Chairman of TCL Corporation explained that TCL was most attracted to the joint venture with Alcatel and acquiring and using their...
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...Halcyon understand that the world’s economy is becoming more globalized providing companies an advantage to expand into foreign markets. Halcyon Fields is a leading producer of organic yogurt and dairy products in the United States and is looking to expand operations internationally. They are not only looking to expand and grow internationally as a producer of organic dairy products, Halcyon Fields wants to also use their companie’s values as an example to other companies to show that being socially and eco-friendly be profitable as well. Strategic alliance and joint ventures are two popular global strategies that are being proposed to form multinational firms and partnerships. These global strategies would provide Halcyon Fields a strong platform for international expansion. Halcyon Fields would greatly gain from partnering with companies abroad that share their common interest and have a good contact and reputation in their local markets. This collaboration whether it is a strategic alliance or an international joint venture with a local company in the countries Halcyon Fields wants to access will enable them to leverage their reputation, skills, knowledge, and experience while reducing risks involved in entering into the global sector on its own. A strategic alliance is a partnership between two or more companies wanting to establish and maintain a cooperative relationship due to complementary capabilities based on core competencies, beliefs and various activities...
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