...2014-2015 Document Reference: QR-AAD-013 Life and Works of Jose Rizal (SSCI 111) Revision No: 00 Issue No: 01 Date Issued: LEARNING MODULE TITLE The Historical Background of the Rizal Law and 19th Century Philippines LEARNING MODULE RATIONALE In this module, we will discuss the historical context of the Rizal Law. Before we tackle Jose Rizal’s life and works, it is important discuss its legal basis and the issues surrounding it for us to understand why we need to study this course and what we must achieve in studying it. Historians agree that every historical actor is a product of his time, therefore it is equally important and beneficial for our study to learn the historical context of Jose Rizal – the social, economic and political milieu of his time in order to contextualize our study of his life and works. Doing away with historical context, might mislead us from a genuine reading and understanding of Jose Rizal’s life and works. In order to achieve this, we will start our study by having a glimpse of the 19th century Philippines or the last century of Spanish colonial regime in the Philippine. LEARNING OUTCOMES The following are the learning outcomes we are expected to achieve at the end of the lesson: Understand the historical background and rationale of the Rizal Law and the Historical context of 19th Century Philippines • Explain the rationale of the Rizal Law • Discuss the historical context of the Rizal Law • Describe the Spanish colonial government by reading...
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...This was the Filipino movie I have been waiting for, for a long time. Most of the Filipino movies that I've seen are cheap imitations of Hollywood movies with forgettable characters and forgettable plots. But I won't be forgetting "Jose Rizal" anytime soon. With impeccable production values and a truly great performance by the lead actor, Cesar Montano, "Jose Rizal" is the equal of anything that Hollywood can produce (and better than most of the crap that Hollywood routinely puts out on the street). The movie tells the life story of Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. It covers his life from his childhood to his execution at the hands of the Spanish forces occupying the Philippines in the late 19th century. We are also thrown into the world of Rizal's novels (filmed in black and white), so we get a glimpse of how he viewed Filipino society under the Spanish heal. One note, this movie is not for the faint of heart. There are graphic depictions of violence and even torture. The opening few scenes depict some episodes from Rizal's novels. In one a Catholic priest rapes a Filipina. I guess I now know where the Mestizo (i.e., mixed blood) class came from in the Philippines. In the other scene a Catholic priest beats a child for alleged stealing. Strong stuff, and it made me wonder how the Catholic Church could possibly retain any power in the country, if this is what the national hero thought about it. The movie introduces us to the life of subjugation...
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...Cinco,Reymond John C. December 8, 2014 CEIT-02-401p Prof. Kathleen Ryan A. Besonia “SEGUNDA KATIGBAK” She was Jose Rizal’s “puppy love” and with her the hero was believed to have had “love at first sight”. Rizal was 16 years old when one Sunday in 1887 he paid visit to his maternal grandmother in Trozo, Manila and there met, among others, Segunda Katigbak, a two-year-younger-than-him ‘colegiala’. In his ‘Memorias de Un Estudiante de Manila’, Rizal graphically described her as a short lady with “eloquent eyes, rosy cheeks, and smile that reveals very beautiful teeth”. Mariano Katigbak, Segunda’s brother and Rizal’s classmate who was also in the house, probably had no idea that his friend had been experiencing “a love at first sight” being bewitched by his alluring sister. During the 1880s, the Katigbaks of Batangas were known for their successful and very lucrative coffee industry. When Jose met Segunda, she was at the time a boarding student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s sister Olympia was also studying. Jose and Segunda got to know each other more intimately as his visits to his sister Olympia (or rather to his love interest Segunda) in La Concordia surprisingly became more frequent. How could Rizal forget that incident when he was urged by other acquaintances and conformed to make a pencil sketch of Segunda? “From time to time”, he later recorded in his diary, “she looked at me, and I blushed.” When Segunda one day gave him a white artificial rose she had...
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...JOSE RIZAL JOSÉ PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA (born 19 June 1861, Calamba, Philippines- died 30 December 1896, Manila, Philippines), patriot, physician and man of letters whose life and literary works were an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement. Rizal was the son of a prosperous landowner and sugar planter of Chinese-Filipino descent on the island of Luzon. His mother, Teodora Alonso, one of the most highly educated women in the Philippines at that time, exerted a powerful influence on his intellectual development. He was educated at the Ateneo de Manila and the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. In 1882, he went to study medicine and liberal arts at the University of Madrid. A brilliant student, he soon became the leader of the small community of Filipino students in Spain and committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country, though he never advocated Philippine independence. The chief enemy of reform, in his eyes, was not Spain, which was going through a profound revolution, but the Franciscan, Augustinian and Dominican friars who held the country in political and economic paralysis. Rizal continued his medical studies in Paris and Heidelberg. In 1886, he published his first novel in Spanish, Noli Me Tangere, a passionate exposure of the evils of the friars rule, comparable in its effect to Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. A sequel,El Filibusterismo, 1891, established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the...
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...RIZAL SA DAPITAN The movie “Rizal sa Dapitan” shows Rizal’s life in exile in the said place before his execution. During his exile, he refused to just mope around and wait for his freedom. Instead, he made his exile in Dapitan very fruitful as much as possible. For fruitful leisure, he planted several kinds of plants, made an irrigation system, and sculpted. He offered free medicinal check-ups for the locals and even performed a surgery on his mother, blinded by a severe cataract, when she and Jose Rizal’s sisters left from Hong Kong to visit him. He became a local teacher or “maestro” for the young boys, offering free education for the less fortunate. And of course, like any other young man, he fell in love and got married to an Irish-American who came from Hong Kong to Dapitan, Josephine Bracken, who asked for help to cure her blind father. Towards the end of the movie, a fellow doctor and a member of the KKK, Pio Valenzuela, visited him to ask for advice on their planned “revolution”. But since the colony was not yet ready for a revolution, he just advised that the KKK should first stock up on armory and weapon through their rich fellow countrymen and train for battle. By watching the movie, I learned more on the life of our national hero. I was even able to establish the “good and bad” about our beloved Jose Rizal. For the “bad”, I can only think of one thing. During Josephine’s pregnancy, Jose Rizal’s sister, Maria, accused Josephine as a spy sent by the wicked friars...
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...A three-hour epic on the life and struggles of poet and patriot Jose Rizal, the national hero and martyr of the Philippines, this film was commissioned to mark the 1998 centennial of the country's independence from Spanish colonial rule. Rizal was a remarkably educated man; not only was he a writer, but he was also a painter, sculptor, doctor and surgeon, teacher, natural scientist, economist, engineer and theologian. He was an excellent fencer and marksman; he studied at colleges in Europe, America and Asia, traveled to many different nations and could speak twenty-two languages. He was a champion of his country's independence, a Filipino Gandhi who faced the firing squad at the age of thirty-five for inciting rebellion. He was the instigator of the Philippine revolution of 1896-98, the first national uprising against a colonial power in Asia. He also wrote two books, Noli me tangere and El Filibusterismo, which sought to increase his people's political awareness. Director Marilou Diaz-Abaya deliberately avoids a historical lesson. The Rizal of her story Cesar Montano is thinking back on his life and writings from his prison cell in the fortress of Santiago; the characters that appear are a blend of the real people, friends and enemies as well as those he created in his books. The script is solid, with a contribution by Diaz-Abaya's long time collaborator, Ricky Lee; the soft tones of the cinematography helps to create an atmosphere of magic appropriate to the story of a legendary...
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...least nine women linked with Rizal; namely Segunda Katigbak, Leonor Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera, Consuelo Ortiga, O-Sei San, Gertrude Beckette, Nelly Boustead, Suzanne Jacoby and Josephine Bracken. These women might have been beguiled by his intelligence, charm and wit. Segunda Katigbak and Leonor Valenzuela Segunda Katigbak was her puppy love. Unfortunately, his first love was engaged to be married to a town mate- Manuel Luz. After his admiration for a short girl in the person of Segunda, then came Leonor Valenzuela, a tall girl from Pagsanjan. Rizal send her love notes written in invisible ink, that could only be deciphered over the warmth of the lamp or candle. He visited her on the eve of his departure to Spain and bade her a last goodbye. Leonor Rivera Leonor Rivera, his sweetheart for 11 years played the greatest influence in keeping him from falling in love with other women during his travel. Unfortunately, Leonor’s mother disapproved of her daughter’s relationship with Rizal, who was then a known filibustero. She hid from Leonor all letters sent to her sweetheart. Leonor believing that Rizal had already forgotten her, sadly consented her to marry the Englishman Henry Kipping, her mother’s choice. Consuelo Ortiga Consuelo Ortiga y Rey, the prettier of Don Pablo Ortiga’s daughters, fell in love with him. He dedicated to her A la Senorita C.O. y R., which became one of his best poems. The Ortiga's residence in Madrid was frequented by Rizal and his compatriots. He probably...
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...Synopsis José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Philippines. While living in Europe, Rizal wrote about the discrimination that accompanied Spain's colonial rule of his country. He returned to the Philippines in 1892, but was exiled due to his desire for reform. Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was convicted of sedition and executed on December 30, 1896, at age 35. Early Life On June 19, 1861, José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born in Calamba in the Philippines' Laguna Province. A brilliant student who became proficient in multiple languages, José Rizal studied medicine in Manila. In 1882, he traveled to Spain to complete his medical degree. Writing and Reform While in Europe, José Rizal became part of the Propaganda Movement, connecting with other Filipinos who wanted reform. He also wrote his first novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not/The Social Cancer), a work that detailed the dark aspects of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular focus on the role of Catholic friars. The book was banned in the Philippines, though copies were smuggled in. Because of this novel, Rizal's return to the Philippines in 1887 was cut short when he was targeted by police. Rizal returned to Europe and continued to write, releasing his follow-up novel, El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) in 1891. He also published articles in La Solidaridad, a paper aligned with the Propaganda Movement. The reforms Rizal advocated for...
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...Comparison of the two movies: Jose Rizal and Rizal sa Dapitan Jose Rizal is a three-hour epic on the life and struggles of poet and patriot Jose Rizal, the national hero and martyr of the Philippines, played by Cesar Montano. Directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya, this is GMA Films’ entry to the 1998 Metro Manila Film Festival. It is considered as one of the biggest budgeted films in the Philippine movie history with a record of P80-million. This film was dubbed as the most spectacular and “controversial” Philippine film epic because of its record-breaking 80-million budget. The film won several prestigious awards and has also premiered at several well-known film festivals around the world including the Berlin International Film Festival in 1998 and has also won as the 2nd runner-up in the Audience Award of the Toronto Filmfest. The problem with Jose Rizal if that it concentrates on historical accuracy rather than artistic contribution. The film, as mentioned, is basically a history book adapted to film. My problem with this Rizal film is that the depth of this film’s Rizal is as much as the depth of Rizal you’d get from a high schooler’s Filipino textbook. However, there arealso negative comments that I must say about the movie. The plot was full of twists and turns. It is confusing to watch because of too many flashbacks and you couldn’t guess whether it is still in flashback or not. Also, some scenes are brutal, and some are not suitable for young kids such as the bed scene wherein...
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...JOSE RIZAL THE MOVIE Reaction Paper Heroes are not about persons having super powers or super strength just to save other people’s life. But it’s about how you make sacrifices and giving everything you have without any hesitation. The movie Jose Rizal is a 1998 biographical film of the Philippine National Hero directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya. This movie shows what the real meaning of “patriotism” that was being inculcated in our minds until now. It also shows how noble person Rizal is. It focuses on the condition of society and government at the time of Spanish Colonization in our country. With the use of the written novels of Rizal (Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo), the Filipinos have awaken to the abusive ways and discrimination of Spaniards towards Filipinos. It really gave the picture on how the Spaniards treat us in our own country and rule the government with their own ways. Dominican Friars symbolizes justice and should be followed. Because of that Dr. Jose Rizal started the war by awakening the hearts of his people through his malicious works that gets the attention of Spanish Government and triggers the Filipino people to fight for their own discretion. It shows that being brave is not about killing others but also using the power of mind through writing. The movie had successfully showed the characteristics of a Filipino like being brave in their own way and patriotism. And the most important for Rizal was to give his country the freedom and justice until the...
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...kanyang mukha sa ating piso. Hindi nakapagtatakang isa na namang monumento ang itinayo para sa ating pambansang bayani . Sa pagkakataong ito, sa anyo ng pelikulang Jose Rizal ni Marilou Diaz-Abaya. Aakalaing nakakapagal ang pelikula --tipong katulad ng walang kaluluwang centennial celebration na isinasagawa ng gobyerno at ng National Centennial Commission (na isa sa mga tumulong upang maisakatuparan ang proyektong ito). Bukod pa sa tumatakbo nang mahigit sa tatlong oras ang pelikula, mahirap umasa ng anumang bago sa isang kuwento na makailang-ulit nang inilahad sa iba't ibang paraan. Ano pa ba'ng tungkol kay Rizal ang hindi nabanggit ng ating mga libro sa kasaysayan? Ano pa ba ang hindi natin napanood sa light and sound show sa Luneta, sa "Dalawang Bayani," o sa "Rizal sa Dapitan. Sa simula pa lamang nito ay mabilis na napapapawalang-totoo ang mga ganitong palagay. Dito na marahil magsisimula ang ating listahan ng mga hindi inaasahan sa pelikula. Hindi inaasahan, dahil na rin sa relatibong mababang kalidad ng ilang pelikulang Pilipino -- pang-sentenaryo man o hindi -- sa kasalukuyan." "Hindi inaasahan," dahil na rin sa relatibong "mababang kalidad" ng ilang pelikulang Pilipino -- "pang-sentenaryo" man o hindi -- sa kasalukuyan.Pinasisilip kaagad ang manonood sa isang aspeto ng buhay ni Rizal (Cesar Montano), ang pagiging manunulat, habang masinop na inilalatag ang konteksto nito--ang kalagayan ng Pilipinas sa panahong iyon, ang pagmamalabis ng kolonyalismong...
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...Jose Rizal Directed by: Marilou Diaz-Abaya; GMA FILMS PRODUCTION 19th Century Spain saw her empire crumble away as colonies like Chile, Peru and Cuba rose in arms and achieved their independence. In the Philippines, Spain faced the threat of yet another revolution due to mounting social unrest among the natives. Jose Rizal, at age of 35, was the greatest political enemy of Spain in the Philippines. With his exceptional linguistic ability and interest in the science and arts, Rizal was most effectibe in his campaign for freedom as a writer. His novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were scathing indictments of Spanish tyranny and of the Church which came to acquire immense political power. Ghent, Belgium. 1891 – Rizal “Ang bayan ay may cancer, na panlipunan, na kailangan ibilad sa templo ng sambayanang Pilipino, at sa hangahang ito, sisikapin kong maikintal ang iyong kalagayan ng buong katapatan ng walang itinatanggi. Itataas ko ang lambong na nagtatago sa kalinisan na ipinagpapakasakit ng lahat sa katotohanan. Maging ang pag-ibig sa sarili, sapagkat bilang anak, alos kong ako man ay may sarili ring pagkukulang at katuwaan. Ang aklat ay nagkakaroon ng mga bagay na ngayon lang may magsisiwalat. Napakaselan ng mga ito, kaya’t sinuman ay walang sumalang. Pinagsikapan kong isagawa ang ayaw isagawa ng iba. Sinikap kong sagutin ang mga paghamak na sa loob ng daang taon ay naitambak sa atin at sa ating lupang sinilangan.” Panunuring Pampelikula JOSE...
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...Ms. Mari Cris Tan Jose Rizal: Ang Bayaning Third World I’ve known the name Jose Rizal since I was a kid. He was a smart man whose curiosity took him to a lot of opportunities, a famous Filipino writer who wrote a lot of compositions that talked about patriotism and a hero who died for his beloved country. Unfortunately, my knowledge about him is not that much but luckily, the movie we watched did get me to be more familiar with the life and sufferings of our hero. It also tickled my mind to think about how the events were connected to each other. Along with my own curiosity, we were asked to also think about if Rizal deserved to be called a national hero. Rizal came from a rich and well known family that is why he had an opportunity to gain knowledge in the city of Manila as well as other countries. He have been to a lot of places and considered to be a multi lingual person and this became an issue brought to him. People would say that Bonifacio deserves more because he came from an unfortunate family. He is also a pure Filipino in mind and experienced suffering in the hands of the Spaniards. For me, the knowledge Rizal got from his so called “adventures” was not used for his own benefit. This knowledge changed his perspective in life. When you come to think about it, how did the hardships of his country hunt down his mind and heart to speak for us Filipinos considering the fact that he did not experience suffering in terms of being unprivileged? Rizal did not use any sharp...
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... El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal El Filibusterismo is the second novel written by Doctor Jose Rizal and is a sequel Noli me Tangere. El Filibusterismo means “Reign of Greed” in English. Noli Me Tangere Noli Me Tangere is a Latin word which means “Touch Me Not”. Rizal described in details the sufferings of his countrymen under the Spaniards in this novel. To Josephine Rizal wrote this poem for Josephine Bracken, an Irish woman who went to Dapitan to have her father George Taufer treated for an eye problem. To the Philippine Youth At the age of eighteen years of age, Rizal won first prize for his poem “To the Philippine Youth” in 1879. Our Mother Tongue “Our Mother Tongue” is a poem originally in Tagalog written by Rizal when he was just eight years old. Mi Ultimo Adiós (Original Version) Here is the original Spanish text of My Last Farewell penned by Rizal during his last hours on December 29, 1896. My Last Farewell or Mi Ultimo Adios was the last poem written by Jose Rizal but his friend, Mariano Ponce, was the one who gave the title to this poem. To the Flowers of Heidelberg Jose Rizal wrote “To the Flowers of Heidelberg” on April 24, 1886 while he was in Germany and felt a deep longing for his family and his country. Memories of My Town In “Memories of My Town”, Jose Rizal spoke of his childhood days in Calamba, Laguna recalling his happiest memories of the place and the people. My Retreat Jose Rizal describes in “My Retreat”...
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...José Rizal Biography Doctor, Activist, Poet, Journalist (1861–1896) QUICK FACTS NAME José Rizal OCCUPATION Doctor, Activist, Poet, Journalist BIRTH DATE June 19, 1861 DEATH DATE December 30, 1896 EDUCATION University of Madrid, University of Heidelberg, University of Santo Tomas PLACE OF BIRTH Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines PLACE OF DEATH Manila, Philippines AKA José Rizal FULL NAME José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda SYNOPSIS EARLY LIFE WRITING AND REFORM EXILE IN THE PHILIPPINES EXECUTION AND LEGACY CITE THIS PAGE José Rizal called for peaceful reform of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines. After his 1896 execution, he became an icon for the nationalist movement. IN THESE GROUPS “[C]reative genius does not manifest itself solely within the borders of a specific country: it sprouts everywhere; it is like light and air; it belongs to everyone: it is cosmopolitan like space, life and God.” —José Rizal Synopsis José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Philippines. While living in Europe, Rizal wrote about the discrimination that accompanied Spain's colonial rule of his country. He returned to the Philippines in 1892, but was exiled due to his desire for reform. Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was convicted of sedition and executed on December 30, 1896, at age 35. Early Life On June 19, 1861, José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born in Calamba in the Philippines' Laguna Province...
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