...preparation of financial statements. This process demonstrates the purpose offinancial accounting--to create useful financial information in the form of general-purpose financial statements. In other words, the sole purpose of recording transactions and keeping track of expenses and revenues is turn this data into meaning financial information by presenting it in the form of a balance sheet, income statement, statement of owner's equity, and statement of cash flows. The accounting cycle is a set of steps that are repeated in the same order every period. The culmination of these steps is the preparation of financial statements. Some companies prepare financial statements on a quarterly basis whereas other companies prepare them annually. This means that quarterly companies complete one entire accounting cycle every three months while annual companies only complete one accounting cycle per year. Accounting Cycle Steps This cycle starts with a business event. Bookkeepers analyze the transaction and record it in the general journal with a journal entry. The debits and credits from the journal are then posted to the general ledger where an unadjusted trial balance can be prepared. After accountants and management analyze the balances on the unadjusted trial balance, they can then make end of period adjustments like depreciation expense and expense accruals. These adjusted journal entries are posted to the trial balance turning it into an adjusted trial balance. Now that all the end...
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...in journals, posting the journalized amounts to ledger, preparing the trial balances and financial statements. Usually, an accounting cycle of the company begins when a business transaction take place and finishes the accounting cycle when the financial statements are prepared. The period of the accounting...
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...components 2. Record journal entries in the accounting journal 3. Transfer debit and credit amounts to each account in accounting ledger 4. Prepare adjusting journal entries 5. Prepare a trial balance 6. Prepare financial statements by transferring balances from the trial balance to appropriate financial statements 7. Close temporary accounts and transfer revenue and expense account balances to retained earnings account | Accounting cycle | Accounting cycle by key word 1. Analyze the transaction 2. Journal entries 3. Posting to accounting ledger 4. Adjusting journal entries 5. Trial balance 6. Financial statements 7. Close temporary accounts | Debit or credit | Debit accounts include asset, expense accounts Credit accounts include liability, equity, revenue accounts | Debit or credit | Debit is recorded on the left side of journal entry and t-account Credit is recorded on the right side of journal entry and t-account | Debit or credit | On the trial balance, left side lists the balances of all debit accounts On the trial balance, right side lists the balances of all credit accounts | Accounting equation | Left side of the equation is equal to left side of the equation Left side total = Right side total Debit accounts are recorded on the left side of accounting equation Credit accounts are recorded on the right side of accounting equation Accounting equation means Debit accounts total = Credit accounts total | Journal entry | Accounting transactions...
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...terminology. Explain double-entry rules. Explain how transactions affect the accounting equation. Identify the steps in the accounting cycle and the steps in the recording process. Explain the reasons for and prepare adjusting entries. Explain how the type of ownership structure affects the financial statements. Prepare closing entries and consider other matters relating to the closing process. Prepare a 10-column work sheet and financial statements. After studying Appendix 3A, you should be able to: Identify adjusting entries that may be reversed. THE ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM The Accounting Information System Basic Terminology Event: The cause of changes of assets, liabilities, and equity Transaction: A transfer or exchange between two or more entities or parties Account: Where transactions are recorded - A separate account is used for each asset, liability, revenue, expense, gain, loss and capital (owner’s equity) Permanent accounts (or “real” accounts) * Asset, liability, and equity accounts * Appear on the balance sheet * Permanent accounts are not closed at year end Temporary accounts (or “nominal” accounts) * Revenue, expense, and dividend accounts * Revenue and expenses are on the income statement; dividends are on the statement of changes in shareholders equity. * Temporary accounts are closed at year end Journalizing and Posting * A Journal is a book of original entry for all transactions ...
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...source documents are bank statements, checks and purchase orders. After we have analyzed the transactions, events and source documents, we are ready for the next step, journalizing. Journalizing is the process of recording a transaction in the journal. To do this we 1) record the date of the transaction in the date column, 2) the title of the account to be debited is recorded at the left hand margin under the description column, and the amount to be debited is entered in the debit column, 3) the title of the account to be credited is listed below and to the right of the debited account title, and the amount to be credited is listed in the credit column,4) a brief description may be entered below the credited account, 5) the Posting Reference column is left blank when the journal entry is initially recorded, when transferring to the ledger, this column will be utilized. In double entry accounting the debits must equal the credits. The second step in the accounting cycle is to post. When posting we transfer the debits and credits from the journal to the ledger. This is done by 1) the date of the journal entry is entered in the date column, 2) the amount is entered into the debit column for the correct posting title, 3) the journal page number is entered in the Posting Reference column and 4) the account number is entered in the Posting Reference column in the journal. In step three we need to verify that the debits and credits transferred from the journal to the ledger are equal...
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...project is to create the following financial statements for J & L Accounting, Inc.: Balance sheet Income statement Statement of retained earnings Post-closing trial balance The financial statements must be created in one Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx file). Alternatively, an Excel workbook may be used (.xls or .xlsx file). The Word or Excel file will be uploaded for grading. Read the following instructions thoroughly before beginning your work. This will help you to become familiar with what is involved in the project. Some students start on the project right away, thinking they’ll save time. Those students tend to get stuck and spend more time working through the project than is necessary. The material you need to know in order to complete the project has been covered in the textbook and the assigned exercises and problems. If you understand the chapters and completed the assigned homework problems, you should have no problem with the project. INSTRUCTIONS The project is to be done by hand with a pencil and paper. Use the blank forms provided. At the end of the project, you’ll be given instructions for creating and uploading the financial statements in a Word or Excel file for grading. 06155200: Graded Project Instructions & Worksheets 1 Note: The formatting of financial statements is important. They follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which creates a uniformity of financial statements for analyzing. This allows for an easier...
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...distressed year. | | | | 4. | The time period assumption states that A. | companies must wait until the calendar year is completed to prepare financial statements. | B. | companies use the fiscal year to report financial information. | C. | the economic life of a business can be divided into artificial time periods. | D. | companies record information in the time period in which the events occur. | | 5. | An accounting time period that is one year in length is A. | a calendar year. | B. | a fiscal year. | C. | an interim period. | D. | a quarterly period. | | 6. | The revenue recognition principle dictates that companies recognize revenue in the accounting period in which payment is received. A. | True | B. | False | | 7. | The revenue recognition principle dictates that revenue should be recognized in the accounting records A. | when cash is received. | B. | when performance obligation is satisfied. | C. | at the end of the month. | D. | when it is probable that future economic obligations will be paid and reliable measurement of the amount is possible. | | 8. | The expense recognition principle matches A. | assets with expenses. | B. | expenses with revenues. | C. | assets with liabilities | D. | assets with owner's equity. | | 9. | Which of the following statements about the accrual-basis of accounting...
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...the accounting cycles. Bookkeepers and accounting clerks are generally the ones that record the entries and prepare statements for financial managers and staff accountants to approve. The first step of the accounting cycle would be to identify and analyze the transaction and events that need to be accounted for. Even though the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) has guidelines there are no rules to what events or transaction a company is required to record. A company should record every sale or purchase no matter how big or small it is. Once these transactions or events have been analyzed, they are recorded in the next step which is journalizing the transactions. There are several different places these transactions are recorded. Some of these places are the general journal, cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, purchases journal, sales journal and other special journals depending on the company (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012). Then these transactions will be posted into the general ledger which usually occurs monthly and subsidiary ledgers which are usually done daily. Once this is done a trial balance is prepared. After the trial balance is done, adjustments are made for such things as accruals, prepayments as well as any estimated items. Once these adjustments have been made, an adjusted trial balance is prepared. When the adjusted trial...
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...Overall Accounting Cycle Hannah Tran ACC/421 November 11, 2013 Overall Accounting Cycle Maintaining a set of accounting records is not optional, especially for large companies or whomever needs to go through financial audits. These accounting records are done through-out what it is called an accounting cycle. An accounting cycle is a set of procedures to record transactions and prepare financial statements (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012). This is also to ensure the accuracy and conformity of financial statements to GAAP. This set of procedures includes: (1) identifying and measuring transactions; (2) journalizing; (3) posting; (4) preparing an unadjusted trial balance; (5) making adjusting entries; (6) preparing an adjusted trial balance; (7) preparing financial statements; and (8) closing (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2012) . This paper will summarize the overall accounting cycle for the inventory department at Sunrise Growers. Nowadays with the help of computerized accounting system, mathematical errors have been reduced tremendously when recording accounting transactions. In addition, computerized accounting system has minimized the workload and increased productivity. Although Sunrise Growers uses a computerized accounting system to record transactions, this paper will assume the accounting cycle done is manually. Identifying and Measuring transactions This step is to analyze the transactions and determine what to record. On October 10, Sunrise...
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...Questions TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS 1. A worksheet is a mandatory form that must be prepared along with an income statement and balance sheet. 2. If a worksheet is used, financial statements can be prepared before adjusting entries are journalized. 3. If total credits in the income statement columns of a worksheet exceed total debits, the enterprise has net income. 4. It is not necessary to prepare formal financial statements if a worksheet has been prepared because financial position and net income are shown on the worksheet. 5. The adjustments on a worksheet can be posted directly to the accounts in the ledger from the worksheet. 6. The adjusted trial balance columns of a worksheet are obtained by subtracting the adjustment columns from the trial balance columns. 7. The balance of the depreciation expense account will appear in the income statement debit column of a worksheet. 8. Closing entries are unnecessary if the business plans to continue operating in the future and issue financial statements each year. 9. The Dividends account is closed to the Income Summary account in order to properly determine net income (or loss) for the period. 10. After closing entries have been journalized and posted, all temporary accounts in the ledger should have zero balances. 11. Closing revenue and expense accounts to the Income Summary account is...
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...graded project is to create the following financial statements for J & L Accounting, Inc.: ■ Balance sheet ■ Income statement ■ Statement of retained earnings ■ Post-closing trial balance The financial statements must be created in one Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx file). Alternatively, an Excel workbook may be used (.xls or .xlsx file). The Word or Excel file will be uploaded for grading. INSTRUCTIONS Read the following instructions thoroughly before beginning your work. This will help you to become familiar with what is involved in the project. Some students start on the project right away, thinking they’ll save time. Those students tend to get stuck and spend more time working through the project than is necessary. The material you need to know in order to complete the project has been covered in the textbook and the assigned exercises and problems. If you understand the chapters and completed the assigned homework problems, you should have no problem with the project. The project is to be done by hand with a pencil and paper. Use the blank forms provided. At the end of the project, you’ll be given instructions for creating and uploading the financial statements in a Word or Excel file for grading. 27 Graded Project Graded Project Note: The formatting of financial statements is important. They follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which creates a uniformity of financial statements for analyz- ing. This allows for an easier comparison...
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...transactions and is finished with a post-closing trial balance is the accounting cycle. The accounting cycle reports the financial information during the accounting period. It has 10 steps. In order to do it all correct it is better to follow step by step, instead of rushing it then later have problems with the number not adding up. Here all the steps and the explanations throughout the accounting cycle. First step is that the transactions are analyzed and recorded in the journal. In easier terms, you look at the transactions that happened during the accounting period and then enter them into the journal. To make sure, that everything is done right follow four easy steps. Read each description of the transactions to know if an asset, liability, owner’s equity, revenue, expense or drawing account is affected. Then next look at each account and see if it increases or decreases. After you determine that, the record them as debit or credit by following the rules of debit and credit. An example, since asset accounts are increased with debits, they normally have debit balances, and liabilities usually have a credit balance. After all that, then you record each transaction using a journal entry. The second step of the accounting cycle is posting the transactions to the ledger. Transactions that are entered into the journal are then posted to the accounts in the ledger. Debits and credits are recorded to the account in order as they are in the journal. You enter the date in the Date column,...
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...the following financial statements for J & L Accounting, Inc.: ■ Balance sheet ■ Income statement ■ Statement of retained earnings ■ Post-closing trial balance The financial statements must be created in one Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx file). Alternatively, an Excel workbook may be used (.xls or .xlsx file). The Word or Excel file will be uploaded for grading. INSTRUCTIONS Read the following instructions thoroughly before beginning your work. This will help you to become familiar with what is involved in the project. Some students start on the project right away, thinking they’ll save time. Those students tend to get stuck and spend more time working through the project than is necessary. The material you need to know in order to complete the project has been covered in the textbook and the assigned exercises and problems. If you understand the chapters and completed the assigned homework problems, you should have no problem with the project. The project is to be done by hand with a pencil and paper. Use the blank forms provided. At the end of the project, you’ll be given instructions for creating and uploading the financial statements in a Word or Excel file for grading. G r a d e d P r o j ec t G r a d e d P r o j ec t 28 Financial Accounting Note: The formatting of financial statements is important. They follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which creates a uniformity of financial statements for analyzing. This allows...
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...Questions TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS 1. A worksheet is a mandatory form that must be prepared along with an income statement and balance sheet. 2. If a worksheet is used, financial statements can be prepared before adjusting entries are journalized. 3. If total credits in the income statement columns of a worksheet exceed total debits, the enterprise has net income. 4. It is not necessary to prepare formal financial statements if a worksheet has been prepared because financial position and net income are shown on the worksheet. 5. The adjustments on a worksheet can be posted directly to the accounts in the ledger from the worksheet. 6. The adjusted trial balance columns of a worksheet are obtained by subtracting the adjustment columns from the trial balance columns. 7. The balance of the depreciation expense account will appear in the income statement debit column of a worksheet. 8. Closing entries are unnecessary if the business plans to continue operating in the future and issue financial statements each year. 9. The Dividends account is closed to the Income Summary account in order to properly determine net income (or loss) for the period. 10. After closing entries have been journalized and posted, all temporary accounts in the ledger should have zero balances. 11. Closing revenue and expense accounts to the Income Summary account is...
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...The Accounting Cycle and Accrual Accounting Concepts Accounting Information System | Journal, Ledger Accounts, and Trial Balance | Cash-Basis Versus Accrual-Basis Accounting | Accrual Accounting Concepts | Adjusting Entries, Adjusted Trial Balance, and Closing | Self-Assessment After learning about the income statement and the balance sheet in Chapters 1 and 2, we are now being introduced to the accounting cycle and certain underlying accounting concepts that influence the contents of those two financial statements. | | Accounting Information System | | Just what, exactly, is the accounting information system? Is it a room full of computers and papers? Not necessarily. The accounting information system consists of data, papers to support the data, machines to process the data, and most importantly, people to report the resulting information to those who make decisions based on such information. Every organization that is engaged in transactions needs an accounting information system. This brings us to an important term used in accounting—a transaction! But what, exactly, is a transaction? Identifying Business Transactions A transaction is any event that involves an exchange or consumption of resources. A transaction could take place between a company and external parties (e.g., purchase of raw materials from suppliers or sale of merchandise to customers), or within a company itself (e.g., a company uses supplies that were purchased at a previous date and were...
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