...III) Articles of Confed a) Confederation b) Specific Terms c) General Results d) Shays Rebellion IV) Constitution a) 4 key debates B) Specific terms of the articles (about the national govt.) • Unicameral legislature • No power to tax • No power to raise army • No executive branch (could make laws but not enforce them) • No judicial branch • Unanimous vote needed to change Articles C) General results of the Articles • Weak and incomplete national govt. • Economic chaos o States fund the war by borrowing money from federal govt. o Govt. wants the money back o Economy dries up and leads to a “trade war” with competing interest o States taxes their own citizens since they can’t borrow money o People (mostly farmers) lose their possessions and property since they can’t pay taxes o Damages the economy even more since farm family is out of work • No sufficient national defense o Enemy 1 the British o French and the Spanish also potential threats o Native Indian tribes also potential threat • States are left largely on their own (13 separate states, no unity) D) Shay’s Rebellion 4 Key debates 1. Representation of the states (large population vs. small population) o States might be equal but not for individuals o Creates a Bicameral Legislation (2 houses) 1. Senate 2. House of reps (representation based on population) which is known as “the great compromise” o Defensive compromise; better at not getting stuff done than getting stuff done. 2. Slavery...
Words: 1863 - Pages: 8
...the legislative branch, executive branch, and the judicial branch. The purpose for these three branches of government is to establish the individual and combined powers of each branch, while reserving the rights of each individual state in the union, (Buzzle, 2014. The outline for The Constitution clearly and concisely defined the importance of jury trials, accountability of the government and the protection of every citizen’s rights and civil liberties of the United States of America. It is the business of the legislative branch, the Congress and Senate, to propose and enact laws. It is the business of the executive branch to see that the laws are put into effect through various governmental departments and it is the business of the judiciary (the court system) to preside and rule over who is right or wrong according to the criminal, civil law and often administrative law. Before a social policy or program can come before the judiciary branch of government, someone must believe that a law has been broken. One of the most important parts of policy making are legislative tasks and these tasks are necessary for paving the way for getting a bill passed into law. First task: for an interest group is to clearly define its issue, have complete unanimity on what the problem is and what it wants by way of legislation. This task is crucial if they want any legislative or public support. Second task: create a position paper that organizes the arguments (pro and con) and summarizes...
Words: 795 - Pages: 4
...the legislative branch, executive branch, and the judicial branch. The purpose for these three branches of government is to establish the individual and combined powers of each branch, while reserving the rights of each individual state in the union, (Buzzle, 2014. The outline for The Constitution clearly and concisely defined the importance of jury trials, accountability of the government and the protection of every citizen’s rights and civil liberties of the United States of America. It is the business of the legislative branch, the Congress and Senate, to propose and enact laws. It is the business of the executive branch to see that the laws are put into effect through various governmental departments and it is the business of the judiciary (the court system) to preside and rule over who is right or wrong according to the criminal, civil law and often administrative law. Before a social policy or program can come before the judiciary branch of government, someone must believe that a law has been broken. One of the most important parts of policy making are legislative tasks and these tasks are necessary for paving the way for getting a bill passed into law. First task: for an interest group is to clearly define its issue, have complete unanimity on what the problem is and what it wants by way of legislation. This task is crucial if they want any legislative or public support. Second task: create a position paper that organizes the arguments (pro and con) and summarizes...
Words: 795 - Pages: 4
...There are three branches of government that was established by the U.S. Constitution: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. Each of these areas have different responsibilities and is to be independent of each other. There is a checks and balances system formed by the constitution, so that no one branch of government has complete power over the affairs of the United States. The legislative branch which consist of the Congress and the Senate job is to propose and enact laws, to legislate. The function of the executive branch to make sure these laws are put into effect through several governmental departments. The president is in command of all governmental departments and offices. Health and Human Services (HHS) is the relevant example for us here. And it is the business of the judiciary (the courts) to “adjudicate”—that is, to make judgments about who is right or wrong according to the law as in (a) disagreements between citizens (civil law), (b) deciding the guilt or innocence of citizens who disobey laws (criminal law), and (c) disagreements between citizens and government agencies (often administrative law). Court orders reinstating an (“unfairly”) terminated government disability benefit or revoking the commitment of a person to a mental institution are examples of checks and balances in action. Public programs are established through legislation, which usually begins with a group of people concerned about a growing issue within a community or even nationwide. In...
Words: 824 - Pages: 4
...Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: The Pros and Cons of Section 703. The FISA Act was created to govern the gathering of foreign intelligence. In 1952, President Thurman established the National Security Agency within the department of defense. The NSA is the premiere signals intelligence agency. In the United States Intelligence Community, agency efforts are channeled through the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The American intelligence community works closely with foreign intelligence agencies, especially on SIGINT matters. The members of the Cold War era UKUSA Agreement (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States) also known as ‘Five Eyes’(FVEY), are partially close collaborators. In the 1950’s the Executive branch was largely in control and unchecked by the Legislative and Judicial branches on Foreign intelligence matters. Some surveillance policies were narrowed due to constitutional concerns. The authority for foreign intelligence was identified in the President’s inherent Article II of the Constitution powers and a key legal check on that authority was the Fourth Amendment. The fourth amendment as interpreted by...
Words: 1030 - Pages: 5
... legislative, executive and judicial are associated with the UCC in many different ways. The three branches of government are related to each other because they work together towards a better future for our country everyday. They are constantly protecting the citizens of our country, and making decisions to improve the life-style of the population. Each branch of government has different power; those powers combined make the law, enforce it and verify that it is fair for the individuals. The power is limited, on both federal and state governmental actions. A part of their responsibility is associated with the taxing and spending power. In other words, we can say that the president, the congress and the Supreme Court require following the UCC to guarantee the equal protection of the citizen and the commitments made in the performance of their duties. To begin with, the three branches of government are: Legislative, Executive and Judicial. The Legislative branch is formed by the Congress, which is divided into The House of Representatives and the Senate. The President, vice president and the cabinet form the Executive branch. The Supreme Court and the other Federal Courts form the judicial branch. The branches of government could be associated with the UCC, or The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). This code is a group of act, first publicized in 1952 to unify the law on commercial transactions around the nation. Furthermore, the Legislative branch is in charge of making the law...
Words: 1697 - Pages: 7
...courts. All the courts are federal system since the 1945’s. The judiciary had not implemented as much impact as the executive or legislative branch. The courts in Venezuela does not have equal share with the executive. The Venezuelan brand of federalism does not provide for state courts. The law is perceived as the same, unitary, throughout the national territory (Country studies). The Venezuelan prison system, which consisted of twenty-five institutions (Data, 1990) that has suffered from both understaffing and overcrowding. Not only had that but the prison had graft and corruption. During the 1980’s crimes in Venezuela had increased and the prison had become more congested. There were a total of twenty five prisons throughout Venezuela which consist of 17 judicial detainment centers, 7 nation jails and penitentiaries, 1 national institute of female orientation (Data, 1990). The correction officers or civilian workers were personnel of Ministry of Justice. All the guards on the external of the prison were personnel of the nation guard. The rehabilitation that the convicted criminal would get before being released came to a halt due to the overcrowding of the prison. The prison overcrowding also lead to corruption, homosexuality and drug abuse in the Venezuelan prisons. Reference Michael, John. (1999). Demand Media. Pros & Cons of Private Prisons. Retrieved on February 5, 2012 from...
Words: 252 - Pages: 2
...with the voice and opinions of the people to better the country, economically and civilly. Cuba has struggled due to the government control over everything. In France, the president serves as the Head of State, the Head of Executive, and the Supreme Commander of Military. After being elected through popular vote from the people (18 years or older), the president then elects a prime minister, who then suggests the Council of Ministers for the president to appoint. The president makes the decisions for his country and enforces the laws with the aid of the prime minister and his Council of Ministers. Together they form the executive branch. The cabinet meets weekly with the president presiding to determine and apply policy through decrees, and to put new legislation before Parliamentary in the form of bills. In Cuba, however, the executive branch is made up of the president (who also serves as the Chief of State and the Head of Government), the Council of State, and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet). The President of the Council of State proposes a Council of Ministers (seven vice presidents of the Council of State, Secretary of Executive Committee, and Heads of National Ministries) for the National Assembly to appoint. The President, Vice President, and Council of State are also elected by the National Assembly. France allows the people of its country the privilege of voting on whom their representative leaders should be, unlike...
Words: 1074 - Pages: 5
...objective, and fair-minded observer would question the underlying motive of this claim and, subsequently, its validity. However, since cases like this are not usually adjudicated in the moral court or court of public opinions, this facility is prepared to explore its options and seek resolution either through a formal arrangement, a formal institution, or a legal entity such as the following: Court of law, arbitration, mediation, and / or settlement. In order to make an informed and appropriate decision, it is not only necessary to analyze and fully understand each choice conceptually and practically, but it is also important to assess the pros and cons as well. Court of Law According to Merriam Webster dictionary (1828), court of law is an arm of the judicial branch of government that adjudicates cases and administers justice, using legislation or precedence. On the basis of this definition alone, it is clear that the ideal step to take is to defend this case in the court of law in order to obtain justice. However, the circumstances of this case are...
Words: 1490 - Pages: 6
...Arizona Senate Bill 1070 Support Our Law Enforcem ent and Safe Neighborhoods Act Abstract On April 23, 2010 Arizona Governor Jan Brewer signed Senate Bill 1070 into law in order to resolve immigration problems in her state (McFayden, 2011). It is one of the toughest pieces of legislation in the nation. SB 1070 allows Arizona law enforcement to stop, detain, and arrest any undocumented immigrants if the officers have a “reasonable suspicion.” This law not only makes it a crime to be in the Arizona illegally, but also a crime to transport or hire someone for employment as well (McFayden, 2011). Judicial Watch (2011) pointed out that Arizona has a right to defend itself under the Constitution if the federal government fails to stop illegal immigrants from crossing its border. In addition, this article confirmed that the creating of SB 1070 complied with the relevant federal, state and local laws, the Arizona Constitution, and the U.S. Constitution. The SB 1070 complements the immigration law rather than usurping the federal jurisdiction. It protects the American citizens and the legal immigrants in Arizona through a legislation that is enforceable against the illegal immigrants, the employers who engage in hiring the illegal immigrants, and those who are involved in transporting the illegal immigrants. Arizona Senate Bill 1070 Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act Introduction On April 23, 2010 Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer signed Senate Bill 1070...
Words: 1781 - Pages: 8
...regulatory, and international issues. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print. During the course of a trial, witness are brought forward to either help support or to discredit a case. A deposition is a form of testimony that is given orally, and occurs under oath. It can be recorded either by video camera or by a court reporter, prior to a trial. This is considered a way to preserve evidence if a person cannot attended the trial, usually if the person is sick or deceased. According to CEBlog, an advantage of deposition is that a “deposition is the only discovery method that permits you to obtain testimony, documents, electronically stored information, and other evidence from nonparties”(para3)”. Some other pros of deposition is that we can lock in testimony, get spontaneous responses, no question amount limit and may even promote a settlement, preventing the case from entering a jury phase at trial. Some disadvantages of deposition during litigation is it can become...
Words: 821 - Pages: 4
...argumentative discussions with no results to show. This impression is far from the truth. In fact, the system in which different levels of government coincide with each other is a distribution of power to ensure that there are interrelations between the levels of government. These powers ensure that the Constitution of the United States stays intact and protects the people of the nation. Each level provides an essential role in the way our government proceeds in every decision. The Legislative Branch, summed up, created laws and policies. Although the laws and policies are written, they are not yet legal within the system. The Executive Branch is the next step. This branch can either sign off on the laws and policies or veto them. These laws and policies are now legal. The Judicial Branch has the authority to overturn those laws and policies if they are deemed to be unconstitutional. An advantage of this distribution of powers is that the communication to weigh the pros and cons is more in depth and does not leave decisions to be made the same way as a dictatorship. Another advantage is that although decisions may be made to pass laws or policies, the final say falls under whether those laws or policies are constitutional. The disadvantages of this distribution of powers are that if one group does not agree with the laws or policies, they have the power to veto which prolongs the decision-making process. In certain circumstances, this can have a detrimental effect on the...
Words: 1108 - Pages: 5
...to the answer. While the Constitution’s text and the various Supreme Court cases interpreting this text suggest that the federal government has the exclusive power to enact and enforce the nation’s immigration laws, state and local authorities still play an important role in regulation of immigration because they shape the conditions of daily life for immigrants in their jurisdictions. This piece of writing will in the best possible way, clearly explain who between Congress and Executive should be responsible for immigration laws and conclude that, Congress according to the U.S constitution, is and should be responsible for immigration laws using related law cases as example. Article I, Section 8, clause 4 of the Con¬stitution entrusts the federal legislative branch with the power to “establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization.” This clear textual command for uniformity establishes that the federal government, specifically Congress, is responsible for crafting the laws that determine...
Words: 3960 - Pages: 16
...Running Header: SOCIAL MEDIA AND BUSINESS 1 Running Header: SOCIAL MEDIA AND BUSINESS 2 The internet era has brought with it numerous pros in all walks of life be it academic, business, or social. The internet has taken business to an all new level. This includes online shopping, online banking, and online flight booking just to mention a few. Each and every business needs an online presence in order to have an edge over its competitors. The onset of internet improved business a lot, but what has really revolutionized the internet business is the social media. The social media sites form hubs for online interactions of people from all walks of life and of all ages. People meet and build relationships via social media. Social media forms a powerful tool for marketing a business and help it achieve its own goals. The most powerful of all is the word of mouth from friends in the social media or recommendations and /or like. There are numerous social media sites nowadays including twitter, facebook, Google plus and LinkedIn. This essay will focus on facebook as a tool for marketing a business. Just like any other form of business strategy, use of social media has its own share of legal matters that need to be managed appropriately for the success of a business. Marketing managers of business using the social platform should have a good knowledge base and be able to wisely employ the legal tools in their marketing...
Words: 1526 - Pages: 7
...Arizona Statehood and Constitution Arizona and Federal Government November 18, 2012 Part 1: Arizona Statehood There are many events which impacted the process of Arizona becoming a state. Each of these events is not only historical, but they are what allowed the Arizona Constitution to be written in 1910 and to finally become a state in 1912. The Arizona Constitution, when first adopted, was seen as one of the most radical documents in the United States, and even today it still has many contrasts to the U.S. Constitution. Some of the events which helped to shape the Arizona Constitution, as well as make it an official state are the Pre-territorial Period, the Spanish Period, The Mexican Period, the U.S. Controlled Period, the Territorial Period and the impact of the Progressive movement on the creation of the Arizona constitution. First, the Pre-territorial Period is probably the most politically unknown because it is impossible to reconstruct how these prehistoric communities felt about politics and democracy. However, evidence shows that people inhabited Arizona for thousands of years before the Europeans. Indians were considered to be the “first citizens” established in Arizona, long before it became a state. There are three major cultures which lived in this state, which were the Apache, the Navajo, the Hohokam and Mogollon. The Hohokam disappeared around the mid 1400’s but historians do not know why. Each group was complex in their social organizations...
Words: 2438 - Pages: 10
