...4/11/2016 Purdue OWL Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Four Main Components for Effective Outlines Ideally, you should follow the four suggestions presented here to create an effective outline. When creating a topic outline, follow these two rules for capitalization: For firstlevel heads, present the information using all uppercase letters; and for secondary and tertiary items, use upper and lowercase letters. The examples are taken from the Sample Outline handout. Parallelism—How do I accomplish this? Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example: I. CHOOSE DESIRED COLLEGES II. PREPARE APPLICATION ("Choose" and "Prepare" are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline.) Coordination—How do I accomplish this? All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings)...
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.... Introduction – You need to outline to your CEO the aim of report, the issue in focus (a quick summary from your brief), what management functions /theories are going to be covered, and how the issue is going to be addressed. 2. Defining and framing the Issue –You need to identify the underlying reasons why the issue has arisen in the first place (the ‘why’? question). As part of this, you will need to frame the issue in relation to the current practices with management functions (including supporting theory/theories) that may have contributed to the issue. You should include some consideration of any relevant environmental factors (internal/external) that may have influenced the issue. 3. Addressing the Issue – You need to show how you will address the underlying reasons that have contributed to the issue by outlining changes to the existing practices with the identified management functions (the ‘how’? question). Your arguments need to be supported with reference to theory/theories that endorse the new approach. 4. Conclusion – You need to provide a summary and evaluation of the key findings of the report. You may choose to identify some limitations and/or assumptions associated with the findings that reader of the report should be aware of. 5. Recommendations – You need to provide no less than two and no more than three recommendations on the courses of action that the business ‘should’ undertake. These recommendations should clearly and succinctly outline a suggested...
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...Westminster International University in Tashkent, Academic year 2013-14, Semester 1 Module name Personal Development CW weighting 40% Submission deadline TW12-13 Sem.One CW format (individual/group) Individual CW number and title CW 2 Oral presentation CW checks the learning outcomes 1- prepare documents about themselves, reflecting the personal development of a student (such as a portfolio, an action plan); 2- set goals for further improvement based on individual reflective learning; 4- communicate in writing and orally; 6- deliver a presentation Oral Presentation You will need to prepare an individual oral presentation. The Oral Presentation task will test your ability to communicate information in oral form supporting it with visual aids such as Power Point slides, posters, etc. The presentations will take place in TW 12-13 of semester one. Each presentation will last 5-6 minutes. It will consist of an introduction, the main body and a conclusion and will be followed by questions from the audience. You will be assessed on 1. quality of the content, 2. ability to structure the material, 3. interaction with the audience using body language and eye contact and dealing with questions appropriately 4. quality of visual aids. Prepare a presentation which is based on the topic “My personal learning from research on Mass Media in Uzbekistan” You need to follow the steps below: 1 Westminster International University in Tashkent, Academic year 2013-14, Semester...
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...results to be attained, not how they are to achieve them. CDRs use orders to provide direction and guidance that focus the forces activities on the achievement of the main objective, set priorities, allocate resources, and influence the situation. 6. Accept prudent risk – a deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms of mission accomplishment as worth the cost. PRESENTATION OUTLINE / SLIDES A. Intro, purpose, references, procedure/outline 1. Greeting (poised and confident) 2. Purpose (BLUF) – relevant, focused, clear, concise, stating thesis 3. References (current and meaningful) 4. Procedure and outline, logical, posted or embedded throughout the brief B. Quick summary of events leading to battle. C. Analysis of mission command from one side of the battle – four of the 6 principles of mission command D. Quick description of the battles outcome on how the mission affected that outcome. E. Significance of this analysis. 1. Para B-E body of Mission Analysis paper 2....
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...The audio summary is a new product for the market. These is no direct competitor because we are the only audio summary in the market currently. However, the competitions are still existed since there are substitutes for our product. The substitutes include document summary and video review for textbooks. It is obvious that there are many different documental summary for textbooks in the market right now. For example, Koofers Notes is a website that allowed students to upload these course materials for others students, but the materials are delayed and unorganized. It has hundreds relative files for one course, and many of them are insignificant. It will take a great amount of time for students to find the information they want. In addition,...
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...Consulting Case Memo -- Outline Executive Summary While this section appears first, it should actually be the last thing you write. * The executive summary should be no more than one page. * Executive summaries are not “introductions.” They do not provide background. * Everything discussed in the executive summary should be explained in greater detail in the body of the memo. * If the only thing someone reads is your executive summary, your reader should have a good understanding of the problem, your proposal, the most important cost(s), and the most important benefit(s). Problem Statement Identify the problem in business terms. State clearly why the owner, president, or CEO should care about addressing the problem you’ve identified. Proposed Solution Identify the one most important action the company or organization needs to take to address the problem. Be as specific as possible in describing your solution. Costs of the Proposal Be as inclusive as possible when thinking about costs. Consider things like opportunity costs and the impact of the proposed change on the organization’s culture in addition to the more obvious financial costs. Identify every possible objection to your proposal. Why hasn’t the company already taken this step? The quickest way to have your recommendation rejected is to hear an objection to which you must reply, “I hadn’t thought of that.” Benefits of the Proposal How will your specific proposal address the problem you’ve...
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...Author name [Pick the date] Include who you prepared the paper for, who prepared the paper, and date submitted. [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary. 1 2. Introduction. 1 III. Review of Literature. 1 1. Analysis. 1 2. Recommendations. 1 3. Summary and Conclusions. 1 VII. Appendix x. 1 VIII. References. 1 List the main ideas and section of your paper and the pages in which they are located. The illustrations should be included separately. Make sure that you have page numbers in your paper and list the page number(s) in the table of contents for the page where the appropriate section starts. Helpful Notes: Prepare an outline of your paper before you go forward. The outline is due at the end of Week 5 – which is also the first draft of your paper. Complete a first draft and then go back to edit, evaluate, and make any changes required. You can use example like graphs, diagrams, photographs, flowcharts, maps, drawings, etc. to help clarify and support the written part of your report. I. Executive Summary Use a header titled with the name of your project. Explain what you found, how you researched your topic, and what you...
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...3/17/14 Document- Letter of transmittal (one page = D) D- Table of contents D- Executive Summary Introduction (background & scope)+ Findings + Conclucluions (and/ or recommendations) + (+ IFC =D or more) D- References Letter of transmittal -Authorization (Dr Zlack) -Preview of report & conclusion -Goodwill closing Table of Contents __________ …… 2 ___________...... 3 Align the contents with the numbers correctly. That’s the hardest part. Executive Summary -An “abstract” of report (search academic abstract) Introduction -purpose (problem) *-scope & limitations -Preview of the report organization Scope= What we did do (in the research) Limitations= what we did not do (….) Rules for Graphs * Must be introduced in the text ( in the paragraphs) ----- as you can see from figure 5 see graph 3 * - must be title * must have a legend Speech- Delivery Eye Contact 1. Attention 2. Connection (rapport) 3. Credibility * 4. Confidence Don’t mention do not! Always say Didn’t shouldn’t wouldn’t etc. (catch someone lying) 1 look at everyone 2 Refrain from looking at things 3 Do not read Oral Communication Do’s 1 do have sufficient volume 2 Have a conversational pace 3 Do have vocal variety ( do not memorize) Don’ts 1 Don’t apologize 2 Don’t curse Nonverbal -Posture - Gesture -Attire * Professional or plain * No logos (accessories (limited) ) * No Hats ...
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...A Summary of Kohlberg’s Theory Tiffany Easterling, Sandra Maxey, and Nakeia Trimble PSYCH/600 – Developmental Psychology October 5, 2014 Vicki Koenig Abstract How the development of morality in children develops has been a big question for parents and philosophers for decades. The issue of moral development has been and has become a hot topic within education and psychology. “One of the best known theories was developed by a psychologist named Lawrence Kohlberg who modified and expanded up Jean Piaget’s work to form a theory that explained how children develop moral reasoning” (Cherry, 2014). Moral development was described in two stages by Piaget. Kohlberg took those two stages described by Piaget and elaborated on them. The theory of moral development, which is described by Kohlberg, outlines three levels with six stages. Kohlberg believes that political liberalism “will not be replaced by a new ideology of the West but will continue to be its dominant ideology for the next century” (Crain, 1985). Kohlberg’s proposed moral development is a process that is continuous and occurs over the period of a person’s lifetime. “Furthermore, Kohlberg believes that the liberalistic concept of justice represents a higher conceptualization of justice in the same sense in which a higher developmental stage in morality represents a higher understanding of justice” (Crain, 1985). However, Carol Gilligan a well-known psychologist, ethicist, and feminist is against Kohlberg’s...
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...Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Early childhood is not only a period of amazing physical growth, it is also a time of remarkable mental development. Cognitive abilities associated with memory, reasoning, problem-solving and thinking continue to emerge throughout childhood. When it comes to childhood cognitive development, it would be impossible to avoid mentioning the work of psychologist Jean Piaget. After receiving his doctoral degree at age 22, Jean Piaget began a career that would have a profound impact on both psychology and education. Through his work with Alfred Binet, Piaget developed an interest in the intellectual development of children. Based upon his observations, he concluded that children are not less intelligent than adults, they simply think differently. Albert Einstein called Piaget's discovery "so simple only a genius could have thought of it."Piaget created a theory of cognitive development that described the basic stages that children go through as they mentally mature. He believed that children are like "little scientists," actively trying to make sense of the world rather than simply soaking up information passively. Schemas One of the key concepts in Piaget's theory is the use of schemas. According to Piaget,schemas are cognitive frameworks or concepts that help people organize and interpret information. As experiences happen, this new information is used to modify, add to or completely change previously existing schemas. For example, a young...
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...Good and poor examples of executive summaries This is a GOOD example from an Accounting & Finance assignment. Footnote Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective profitability, liquidity and financial stability of Outdoor Equipment Ltd. Methods of analysis include trend, horizontal and vertical analyses as well as ratios such as Debt, Current and Quick ratios. Other calculations include rates of return on Shareholders Equity and Total Assets and earnings per share to name a few. All calculations can be found in the appendices. Results of data analysed show that all ratios are below industry averages. In particular, comparative performance is poor in the areas of profit margins, liquidity, credit control, and inventory management. The report finds the prospects of the company in its current position are not positive. The major areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by management.Recommendations discussed include: improving the average collection period for accounts receivable· improving/increasing inventory turnover· reducing prepayments and perhaps increasing inventory levels The report also investigates the fact that the analysis conducted has limitations. Some of the limitations include: forecasting figures are not provided nature and type of company is not known nor the current economic conditions data limitations as not enough information is provided or enough detail...
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...Executive Summary: Organizational Focus & Goals Derron Venerable University of Phoenix HRM/326 MARIBEL HINES September 15, 2014 Introduction The purpose of an Executive Summary is articulate a full report with the least amount of words possible depending on the size and nature of the issue. In most cases executive summaries serve as a report for executives who do not have the time to read the full report; therefore, the summary will give the executive the information that he or she needs to understand the objective, the issue(s), and the plan(s) in place to solve the issue(s). The following summary is focusing on an on-going overtime issue that one of the company’s branches is having. Focus and Goals The current focus at this particular location is to complete the daily task in the fastest most efficient safest way possible. The goals are to minimize or combine the current routes, run the routes from the closet point to the furthest and create a benchmark for each driver to attempt to meet in a safe but efficient manner. The research states that if the routes are done in a sequence form from the closet point to...
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...Freud Psychosexual Development In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy) that develops in five stages. Each stage – the oral, the anal, thephallic, the latent, and the genital – is characterized by the erogenous zone that is the source of the libidinal drive. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced sexual frustration in relation to any psychosexual developmental stage, he or she would experience anxiety that would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a functional mental disorder. Stages of Development Stage | Age Range | Erogenous zone | Consequences of psychologic fixation | Oral | Birth–1 year | Mouth | Orally aggressive: chewing gum and the ends of pencils, etc. Orally Passive: smoking, eating, kissing, oral sexual practices[4] Oral stage fixation might result in a passive, gullible, immature, manipulativepersonality. | Anal | 1–3 years | Bowel and bladderelimination | Anal retentive: Obsessively organized, or excessively neat Anal expulsive: reckless, careless, defiant, disorganized, coprophiliac | Phallic | 3–6 years | Genitalia | Oedipus complex (in boys and girls); according to Sigmund Freud.Electra complex (in girls); according to Carl Jung. | Latency | 6–puberty | Dormant sexual feelings | Sexual unfulfillment if fixation occurs in this stage. | Genital | Puberty–death | Sexual interests mature...
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...Ever wonder why children behave the way they do? According to theorist Jean Piaget there are some very simple explanations for this. Piaget explains through his theory of cognitive development, to what is occurring for a child at every stage of their live and how it gradually changes. The first stage of Piaget’s cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage. The sensorimotor stage is comprised of six sub-stages which begin at birth and are broken down specifically to age ranges of when development markers should occur up to two years of age. Piaget argues that an infant processes thought from sensory experiences with physical actions to gain an understanding of the world around them without judgment. Piaget argues that infants do not distinguish between the world and themselves meaning that objects have no permanency. For example, a toy given to a six month old, as long as it is in sight it exsists, but when distractions blocks the view of the toy, the child does not search for it because for them it is no longer there. Piaget’s theory is that infant should learn object permanence as they near the end of the sensorimotor stage (Santrock, 2010). In the preoperational stage Piaget contests that children with in the age range of two to seven years are beginning to think in a more egocentric kind of way. They are discovering themselves and the world around them. The children are unaware of differences in people and familiar objects. The child is oblivious to the fact...
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...* ------------------------------------------------- 6. The 3 main types of prenatal development are the zygote, embryo, and fetus. The zygote is the fertilized egg in the womb; it lasts for 2 weeks and begins when the sperm first fertilizes the egg. Soon afterwards, the zygote becomes an embryo. During the embryo stage, the actual human organism is mad and this lasts from the 2nd week to the 2nd month. During the fetus stage, the organism is in its developmental stage. This begins after 9 weeks of pregnancy. A teratogen is an agent that can cause harm to the womb ex. If a pregnant woman is drinking a lot of alcohol, she can harm the fetus because alcohol is a teratogen and she could potentially cause fetal alcohol syndrome. 7. The brain capacity of newborn babies is a lot smaller than that of an older person. That’s why we don’t remember most of our infancy. Once we are born we start to make a neural network that allows us to complete basic functions, like talk, remember, etc. The habituation for the infant cognition is a very simple way of learning. When the babies are exposed to something multiple times, they lose fascination in it. 8. Piaget developed 4 stages of cognitive development that show how humans develop mentally. Stage 1 is the sensorimotor stage. This is the stage that occurs from 0 to 2 years and this is when we start to interact with our senses. The 2nd stage, Preoperational, 2-7 years old, is when language begins but isn’t completely understood and is...
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