...Major Milestones of the Telecommunications Industry 1837 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph - The information age began with the telegraph, which was invented by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1837. This was the first instrument to transform information into electrical form and transmit it reliably over long distances. The earliest form of electrical communication, the original Morse telegraph of 1837 did not use a key and sounder. Instead it was a device designed to print patterns at a distance. 1858 Transoceanic telegraph cable is laid – The transoceanic telegraph cable is an undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean used for telegraph communications. The first communications occurred August 16, 1858, reducing the communication time between North America and Europe from ten days, the time it took to deliver a message by ship, to a matter of minutes. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone - The telegraph was followed by Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876. The magneto-telephone was one of the first telephones on which both transmission and reception were done with the same instrument. 1885 - Incorporation of the American Telephone and Telegraph company (AT&T). After its incorporation in 1885, the American Telephone and Telegraph company dominated the telecommunications market. 1888 - Heinrich Hertz discovers the electromagnetic wave 1895 - Marconi begins experimenting with wireless telegraph 1901 Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio—the...
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...Unit 1 Research 1 PT1420 In the 1970s the programming language that was most popular was Pascal. Pascal was designed in 1968-69 but published in 1970. Niklaus Wirth created the Pascal language to “1) make available a language suitable for teaching programming as a systematic discipline based on fundamental concepts clearly by the language, and 2) to define a language whose implementations could be both reliable and efficient on then-available computers. In 1972 the C programming language was developed by Dennis Ritchie. C was created to work with the system Unix. “Unix gives C such advanced features as dynamic variables, multitasking, interrupt handling, forking, and strong, low-level, input-output. Because of this, C is very commonly used to program operating systems such as Unix, Windows, the MacOS, and Linux.” In the 1980s the popular programming language was C++. C++ was developed at Bell Laboratories. C++ is a general purpose multi-paradigm spanning compiled language that has both high-level and low-level languages’ features. It was started as an enhancement to the C programming language, Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. In the 1990s Java was the popular programming language. It was created in 1991 developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and release in 1995. In the 2000s Visual Basic (VB) was popular in the programming world. VB was developed from BASIC which was originally developed in 1964 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurts. VB is a Microsoft programing language and software...
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...2/16/2014 Intellectual Property creation witnessing steady growth in India: Report - Economic Times You are here: Home > Collections > India RELATED ARTICLES Budget 2012: Relax corporate tax and surcharges to boost... March 5, 2012 Intellectual Property creation witnessing steady growth in India: Report PTI Jun 26, 2013, 06.43PM IST Bharti Airtel gives IP contract to Alcatel Lucent India June 1, 2012 Tags: Texas Instruments general motors | Mercedes-Benz | investments | intellectual property | Intel | Hewlett-Packard | | gdp | Alstom | Alcatel Lucent Alcatel-Lucent launches IP Transformation Center Septemb er 8, 2009 IN-DEPTH COVERAGE India Intellectual Property Alcatel-lucent Alstom NEW DELHI: The country's contribution to Intellectual Property (IP) creation is witnessing a steady growth, however, investments in R&D and patent activities in the country are still relatively slow when compared to developed nations, a report says. According to globalisation and market expansion advisory firm Zinnov's study 'Enhancing the IP Quotient in MNC R&D centres', IP creation is witnessing steady growth in MNC R&D centres, but investments in R&D and patent activities in India are still relatively slow. (A sector-wise analysis…) The study further said India spends just 1 per cent of its GDP on R&D, while countries like Israel spends 4.2 per cent, Japan 3.7 per cent, US 2.7 per cent and China 2.0 per cent...
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...Electronics rely heavily on electronic switching and amplification to generate and capture the various signals which allow them to operate. A controllable valve that allows a small signal to control a much larger signal does this, and could be related to a controllable valve used in the control of water flow. This was once done by a device known as vacuum tube but was later brought down to a much lower production scale for a variety of industrial, economical and business related reasons. Bell Laboratories, the research arm of telecommunications company American Telephone and Telegraph’s (AT&T) director Mervin Kelly put together the first team of researchers and scientists placed on the task of research and development of a solid state-semiconductor later called a transistor that would supersede vacuum tubes and provide numerous advantages. The success of this development would prove to change the computing, electronics and telecommunications systems altogether. Up until the invention of the transistor a vacuum tube was used in the control, amplification and generation of electrical signals. Vacuum tubes are tubes usually made from glass and designed in an airtight manner as to keep the flow of “cathode rays” from external disturbance as they pass from each terminal and laid the foundation for numerous technical innovations, such as the light bulb discovered by Thomas Edison (fig. 1). Joseph John Thomson further made a vacuum tube and placed a third terminal to attain a grasp...
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...Fall 2015 Analytical Chemistry I Quantitative Analysis Chem 341WI 4 Credit Hrs | Instruction Mode: L (lab) and P (class) Professor Andrew Holder holdera@umkc.edu • SCB 113 • 816-235-2293 • 913-543-3709 (fax) Office Hours: T/Th 1:00-4:00, 5:00 – 7:30 Lecture: T/Th 4PM | Labs: T/Th 1PM (AFT), 5PM (EVE) Credit: Lab + Lecture = 4 credits | Format: Lab + Lecture (P) Lecture / Class Policies and Procedures Correspondence with UMKC Student Learning Outcomes Scientific Reasoning & Quantitative Analysis * Apply principles/methods of sciencea, mathb, statisticsc and logicd to solve problems and draw logical inferences. * Chpt 3: Experimental Error (c) * Chpt 4: Statistics (c) * Chpt 6: Chemical Equilibrium (a, b, d, e, f) * Chpt 7: Activity & Systematic Trtmnt, (a, d, e, h) * Chpt 8: Monoprotic Acid-Base Equil., * Chpt 9: Polyprotic Acid-Base Equil. (a, d, e, g, h) * Develop quantitative literacy enabling comprehensione and evaluationf of info in broad contexts. * Chpt 3: Experimental Error, Chpt 4: Statistics (f) * Chpt 5: Quality Assurance and Calibration Methods (c) * Understand methodsg/principlesh of scientific discovery and their application * Sxn 0-2: The Analytical Chemist’s Job (g, h) * Sxn 0-3: General Stages in a Chemical Analysis (g, h) * Chpt 2: Tools of the Trade (g) * Carrying out laboratory analyses (g, h) ...
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...words. • Describe your specific investigation. o For instance “The Effect of Road Salt on Lentil Seed Germination and Growth” rather than “Seed Experiment” Abstract Provide a brief overview of the report in your own words The abstract should contain 5 parts (as outlined in abstract rubric) o Purpose, Hypothesis, Procedure, Results, Conclusion Be specific about results - do not use phrases like "it worked". Be very careful NOT to copy text from the lab handout. The abstract should be one paragraph and contain scientific terminology Problem • State the problem specifically in question form. o For instance, “What is the effect of road salt on the germination and growth of lentil seeds?” Hypothesis State the hypothesis using the "If, then. because" format. • Predict the results based on the problem stated. • Gather preliminary research and information before writing the hypothesis in order to ensure that the problem is testable and relevant. o For instance, “If salt is added to soil, then lentil seeds will not germinate because salt will dehydrate the seed” Introduction • Provide...
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...Ecology Lab 2 scientific method of birds In today’s lab we learned about the scientific method and a hypothesis. We talked about how ecologists have an issue when experimenting because they cannot control some environmental factors. Therefore the probability of repeatability in an ecological experiment in often minimal. We then went into talking about the importance of an experimenter’s hypothesis. We summed up a hypothesis as just being an assumption that could be put to the test. After we talked about some examples of a hypothesis we went into talking about the different types of research. For my two experiments in today’s lab I used natural experiments. A natural experiment is one of the most relevant types of experiments an ecologist can use because it occurs in a natural setting and is not repeatable. In today’s lab I am hoping to make a hypothesis that I could provide a lot of testable data and variables. For the first part of a lab we were told to select a partner and draw an ecological topic to make a hypothesis on. Ben and I selected animal and plant association. For the other part of toady’s lab we were told to choose our own ecological topic and develop a hypothesis. Animals frequently visit certain plants that the insects they eat are around. Blue birds hang around my garden because they like to eat the beetles that are around the tomato plants. For plant and animal association my partner and I came up with a hypothesis that bees are around flowers more than tress...
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...UMUC Biology 102/103 Lab 1: Introduction to Science INSTRUCTIONS: * On your own and without assistance, complete this Lab 1 Answer Form electronically and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed on your Course Schedule (under Syllabus). * To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual that is available in the WebTycho classroom (Reserved Reading or provided by your instructor) or at the eScience Labs Student Portal. Laboratory exercises on your CD may not be updated. * Save your Lab 1 Answer Form in the following format: LastName_Lab1 (e.g., Smith_Lab1). * You should submit your document in a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) for best compatibility. Exercise 1: Data Interpretation Table 1: Water Quality vs. Fish Population Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | Number of Fish Observed | 0 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 10 | 12 | 13 | (hint: ppm stands for “parts per million”) 1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 1? Ans. The quality of fish increase as (ppm) increase to a point while the quality of water continue to increase 2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water. Ans: If oxygen or ppm in the water increase more fish will be produce 3. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis? Ans. My experimental...
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...Lab Report Template Title: * a brief, concise, yet descriptive title Statement of the Problem: * What question(s) are you trying to answer? * Include any preliminary observations or background information about the subject Hypothesis: * Write a possible solution for the problem. * Make sure this possible solution is a complete sentence. * Make sure the statement is testable, an if-then statement is recommended to illustrate what criteria will support your hypothesis (and what data would no support the hypothesis). Materials: * Make a list of ALL items used in the lab. Alternatively, materials can be included as part of the procedure. Procedure: * Write a paragraph (complete sentences) which explains what you did in the lab as a short summary. * Add details (step-by-step) of your procedure in such a way that anyone else could repeat the experiment. Results (Data): * This section should include any data tables, observations, or additional notes you make during the lab. * You may attach a separate sheet(s) if necessary. * All tables, graphs and charts should be labeled appropriately. Conclusions: * Accept or reject your hypothesis. * EXPLAIN why you accepted or rejected your hypothesis using data from the lab. * Include a summary of the data - averages, highest, lowest..etc to help the reader understand your results. Try not to copy your data here, you should summarize and reference KEY information. * List one thing you...
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...Abstract In this lab we tested the contamination of water using oil, vinegar, and soap. Using plain tap water I added various amounts of contaminants to the water and noted the change. Introduction The introduction should describe the background of water quality and related issues using cited examples. You should include scholarly sources in this section to help explain why water quality research is important to society. When writing this section, make sure to cite all resources in APA format. The introduction should also contain the objective for your study. This objective is the reason why the experiment is being done. Your final report should provide an objective that describes why we want to know the answer to the questions we are asking. Finally, the introduction should end with your hypotheses. This section should include a hypothesis for each one of the three experiments. These hypotheses should be the same ones posed before you began your experiments. You may reword them following feedback from your instructor to illustrate a proper hypothesis, however, you should not adjust them to reflect the “right” answer. You do not lose points for an inaccurate hypothesis; scientists often revise their hypotheses based on scientific evidence following an experiment. Materials and Methods The materials and methods section should provide a brief description of the specialized materials used in your experiment and how they were used. This section needs...
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...! Lab Report: Scientific Method Your Name: ___________Jose Sebastian Flores Vera______________________ Purpose of this Lab What is the goal of this lab? What question is it trying to answer, or what problem is it trying to explain? This lab is for the application and understanding of the scientific method. The propose of this lab helps students to learn the metric system, its units, and the conversion from the English system to the metric system. Hypothesis After reading the lab instructions - but before starting the lab - record your best “educated guess” about what will happen in the experiment. What hypothesis can you generate about the effect of adding salt to water? Well, the addition of salt to tap water raises the boiling point of the water in a steady and constant way. Because the addition of the salt increases the number of atoms, then it will take a higher temperature to reach the boiling point. Experimental Design List the materials used in this lab, and the procedure you followed. Materials: 1. Tablespoon 2. Sharpie 3. Thermometer 4. Measuring cup 5. Kitchen stove 6. Several small pots 7. Table salt 8. Tap water Procedure (list steps in the order in which you performed them): 1. Pour 2 measured cups of tap water in the pot 2. Heat it up, record the boiling point with the thermometer. 3. Discard the water. 4. Pour 2 measured cups of tap water in the pot. 5. Add a tablespoon of salt. 6. Heat it up, record the boiling point with the...
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...Student Name Lab 1: Title Purpose This section may be entitled “Purpose,” “Question,” or “Problem.” If you use “Purpose” as a title, then you must tell why you are doing the experiment (what do you hope to accomplish?). If you use “Question” as a title, then you should pose a question rather than writing a statement. For example, “Do environmental factors play a role in the prevalence of organism color in leafhopper populations?” If you use “Problem” as a title, then you should state the nature of the problem you are trying to solve. Hypothesis In this section, you make a prediction about the outcome of your experiment. The hypothesis statement is typically written as an “If…then….” statement. For example, “If I roll a ball on dirt and grass, then the ball will roll faster on ____ because…..” You fill in the blanks and finish the statement. It is always preferred that you provide the reasoning for your prediction (“because”), but is not absolutely necessary. Your hypothesis should be specific to the lab material / investigation, not based on the understanding of the material of completion of the lab. Materials & Methods Materials: List your materials used for your lab here. Methods: List the steps you take to complete your lab here. Use numerical ordering (1, 2, 3….) rather than paragraph format, and be sure not to omit any steps. Results This section includes any data collected or observations made. The best way to do this is in...
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...order. The steps that are in the Scientific Method are Observation and Questioning, Hypothesis, Testing, Results, Explanation, and New Question. The Observation and Questioning step is very important. In this step we look at what we want to do an experiment on. In the Hypothesis step, you guesstimate what the outcome of the experiment will be. I feel that the Testing step is self-explanatory. In this step you perform your experiment and test the hypothesis you came up with in the previous step. After you perform your experiment, you have the Results step. This is where you have your outcome. If your outcome supports your hypothesis, then you are able to go onto the next step of the process. But there are times that your outcome will be different than your hypothesis, if this is the case you go back to the beginning of the process. If this happens, you have to do all of the steps all over again. Next we have the Explanation step. You need to figure out an explanation that addresses the question that you are experimenting. The final step is the New Question step. Here you come up with the conclusion to your experiment. Quite often your conclusion could lead to a whole new set of questions, in which would lead to new experiments (Axia College, n.d.). For the online experiment, I picked the question of “Have you ever wondered why the plant grows toward the window?” For my hypothesis I chose, “plants respond to the light which they need to make their food.” My prediction...
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...Blogging is popular among the people in today’s society, especially amongst teenagers. In fact, the number of blogs is exploding, with about 14 million existing blogs. On average, the number of blogs is doubling every five months. There are many advantages of blogging. Firstly, people can use as an online dairy, using it to share the day’s happening in her life with other visitors on the net. Furthermore, if the blogger (author of the blog) has met up with certain incidents in her life, he can share it on the blog and others can console or praise him, by giving comments or leaving a message in the blog’s tag board, depending on the incident. Blogging can also be a good way to relieve stress as some way wants to use their blog to vent out their frustration or pour out their woes when stress becomes too much for them. Some bloggers even use their blogs to flaunt their literati skills by posting poems about themselves or things around them. Secondly, bloggers can also use their blogs to inform others on a certain topic which happens to be his niche, thus allowing others who are interested in the topic to learn some tricks from the blog, they are also post questions to the blogger if they meet up with problems. Even Mr. Donald Trump is doing so, he launched the Trump Blog last month to share his insights into and answer questions about corporation ethics, personal success and business dilemmas. Other organizations are also using blogs to make announcements to...
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...fornia, start-up, Shockley Semiconduc tor Laboratory. Shockley had been part of the Bell Labs team that invented the transistor. He had quit his job and come west to start his own company, telling people his goal was to make a million dollars. Everyone thought he was crazy. Shockley knew he wasn't. Unlike a lot of the people at Bell Labs, he knew the transistor was going to be big. Shockley had an idea about how to make transistors c heaply. He wa s going to f abric a te them out of si li con. He had come to this valley, south of San Francisco, to start production. He felt like hewas on the cusp of history, in the right place at the right time. All that he needed was the right people. Shockleywas leaving nothingto c hance. Tod a y's in ter vi ew wa s J i m Gibb ons . Hewa s a young guy, earl y twenti es . He already had a Stanford Ph.D. He had s tudied a t Cambridgetoo - on a Fulbri ght sc holars hip he'dwon. Gibbons was si tting in front of hi m ri ght now, in Shockley's Quonset hut of fice. Shockley picked up his s topwa tch. In Augus t 1957 William Shockleywas recrui ting s taff for hisPalo Alto, Cali fornia, start-up, Shockley Semiconduc tor Laboratory. Shockley had been part of the Bell Labs team that invented the transistor. He had quit his job and come west to start his...
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