...2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 2.1 MATERIAL SELECTION Aluminium 2618 was used as the base material in this study. Two types of salt, namely K2ZrF6 & KBF4 were used to synthesize the ZrB2 reinforcement in addition to Si3N4 (Silicon Nitride), AlN (Aluminium Nitride).The chemical composition of the base material is shown in Table.1. Table.1. Chemical composition of Al2618 alloy in wt% Element Cu Mg Fe Ni Si Ti Al Wt% 2.30 1.60 1.1 1.0 0.18 0.07 Bal Aluminum 2618 is melted in a graphite crucible and a stirrer is used to stir the melt. When the temperature of the melt reaches 510°C, the dried K2ZrF6 and KBF4, Si3N4 and AlN salt powders with weight ratio x wt%(x=2,4,6,8) were added to the molten aluminum. The stirrer assembly consisted of a graphite turbine stirrer fixed to a steel rod. Approximately 1Kg of alloy was then melted at 820°C in the resistance furnace of stir casting setup. Preheating of Silicon Nitride, Aluminium Nitride, and Zirconium Boride mixture at 800°C was done for one hour to remove moisture and gases from the surface of the particulates. The stirrer was then lowered vertically up to 3 cm from the bottom of the crucible (total height of the melt was 9 cm). The speed of the stirrer was gradually raised to 800 rpm and the preheated Silicon Nitride, Aluminium Nitride, and Zirconium Boride particle was added with a spoon at the rate of 10- 20g/min into the melt. The speed controller maintained a constant speed, as the stirrer speed got reduced by 50-60 rpm due to the...
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...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
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...Torres 1 Luis A. Torres Group #11 USC Chemistry 322b Formal Lab Report 6th November 2015 I. II. Enzymatic Resolution of 1-Phenylethanol and Diastereomer Analysis Objective/Abstract Enzymatic transesterification reaction was performed to study the resolution of diastereomers using 1H-NMR analysis. The stereo-selectivity of acylase I, an enzyme, for a 50:50 racemic mixture of 1-phenylethanol was determined. In the first of a two-step reaction, 1-phenylethanol was reacted with vinyl acetate with the help of acylase I to form an ester, unreacted 1-phenylethanol, and vinyl alcohol. The unreacted 1phenylethanol was separated from the ester by column chromatography and confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In the second reaction, the unreacted 1-phenylethanol was reacted with (R)-(-)-acetoxyphenylacetic acid to form a diastereomer ester. In the latter reaction, four different 1-phenylethanol samples were used in order to compare 1HNMR data of the resulting diastereomer esters and determine which enantiomer of the 50:50 racemic mixture was preferred by acylase I. Those four samples were: (1) racemic 1-phenylethanol, (2) unreacted 1-phenylethanol, (3) (R)-1-phenylethanol, and (4) (S)-1phenylethanol. After 1H-NMR analysis, it was found that the (S)-1-phenylethanol was preferred by acylase I. III. Introduction and Background Information Scheme 1: Reaction of 1-phenylethanol with vinyl acetate in the presence of the enzyme acylase I to produce 1-phenylethyl...
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...Introductory Chemistry Introduction Instructor: Dr. Tao Tao Course Section: CHEM1405.6013-6014 Meeting Time: TTh 6:00pm-9:10pm Bldg 13-629 Office Hours: TTh 5:30 pm-6:00 pm Contact: tao.tao@lonestar.edu Introductory Chemistry 2 Course Material Requirements • Textbook – Introductory Chemistry, by Nivaldo J. Tro 5th edition • Chapters 1-4, 6-10, 14 • Sections, 5.6-5.10, 12.4-12.8, 13.6-13.8 • Scientific Non-programmable Calculator • Safety Goggles for Lab • Lab Coat/Apron (Optional) Introductory Chemistry 3 Evaluation and Grade • Tests: 45%; 4 tests, best of 3, no make-up unless good excuses (documented, in advance notice) • Open-book Quizzes: 10%; best n-2, no make-up • Laboratory: 25% • Final Exam: 20% • Homework: Encouraged but not mandatory • Problem Set: Provides but not mandatory • Final withdrawal day: Nov. 10th, 2014 Introductory Chemistry 4 Lab Report/Grade Guideline • Pre-lab write-up (30%): Complete before lab starts, will be checked and signed for completeness – – – – Title/Date Aim/Purpose Introduction Procedures • Lab Performance and Quality of data (25%): will be checked and signed when leaving lab – Observations – Collect and record data • Post-lab (40%) – Result (Calculations, Graphs, Interpretations etc), – Discussions/Conclusions – Post-lab questions if any • Overall Report Neatness (5%) • Report due one week after the completion of experiment for full credit; after two weeks, no report will be accepted, and no credit...
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...In the 4th quarter of 9th grade science we continued our study of chemistry with a focus on chemical formulas, chemical reactions, and stoichiometry. Formative assessments included practice questions on how to write proper names and formulas for chemical compounds, balancing equations, converting between chemical units, and titration problems. The lab experiments for the quarter consisted of a freezing point experiment, chemical flame test comparison, the activity series of four metals, production of hydrogen, and the titration of an unknown concentration of acid. Summative assessments for the quarter were an evaluation of the freezing point experiment, written exploration of the flame test experiment, and two unit exams on chemistry topics. In 10th grade students will study science topics related to biology, environmental science, and some...
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...Department of Chemistry College of Sciences University of Central Florida CHM 2046L Chemistry Fundamentals Laboratory (1 Credit) Course Syllabus Graduate Laboratory Instructor: Office: Phone: E-mail: Office Hours: | Instructor: Dr. Cherie YestrebskyOffice: CH 325Phone: 407-823-2135E-mail: cherie.yestrebsky@ucf.edu | University Course Catalog Description Illustration of chemical principles and introduction to the techniques of inorganic and physical chemistry. Course Overview The Chemistry Fundamentals Laboratory course is designed to give students an insight into the processes of experimental chemistry. The course provides a series of authentic, challenging, and relevant questions which students seek to answer through experimentation in a safe environment. Lab techniques like titration, spectroscopy, dilution, and measurement will be incorporated with critical thinking exercises to enhance the learning process and improve comprehension of fundamental concepts. An introduction to writing within the science discipline will be addressed each week. Course Objectives At the end of the semester, students will be able to: * Keep safety the first priority while working in the laboratory * Design a procedure to answer a key question * Model how writing is used in a variety of chemistry genres * Experiment with glassware & equipment in alignment with their intended function * Develop stronger critical thinking skills ...
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...*If I have to contact the class as a whole it will be through D2L email. Check regularly for notes and announcements.* Credit Hours: 4 Contact Hours: 5 Lab Hours: 2 Prerequisite(s): Math 1710 or equivalent. Required Text(s): 1. Chemistry: The Central Science, 12th edition, Brown, et. al., Prentice Hall, ISBN #978-0-321-78756-9 2. General Chemistry Lab Manual, Cengage Learning ISBN # 9781285127712 3. Register for Sapling Learning homework system ($29.99) See bottom of last page of syllabus for more information!!! Required Supplies/Material(s): Chemical Splash Proof Safety Goggles Recommended Supplementary Material(s): 1. Study Guide and Solutions Manual for Chemistry: The Central Science, 12th edition, Brown, et. al., 2. Scientific calculator Disabilities: A student with a disability who requires academic accommodations MUST contact Sonja Hood, director of disability services, to request an academic accommodation plan. Contact information: Simon Hall 129, (931) 393-1765, shood@mscc.edu Evaluation Plan (subject to revision): |Task |Weight | |Exam 1 (Chapters 10-12) |10% | |Exam 2 (Chapters 13-16) |10% | |Exam 3 (Chapters 17,19-21)...
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...CH 220C ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Spring, 2015 Section Page 1. General Information 2 2. Safety Information 2 3. Attendance 3 Make-Up Policy 3 4. Laboratory Protocol 3 Assigned Reading 3 Pre-Lab Quizzes 3 Lab Notebook 5 Chemicals 5 Due Dates for Reports 5 5. Orientation 5 In-Lab Information 5 Library Information 5 6. Check-In 6 7. Grading Procedure 6 8. Policy on Cheating 7 9. TA Office Hours 8 10. Faculty Course CoordinatorS 8 11. Course Web Page 8 12. Hints to Minimize Frustration IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 8 13. Work Schedule 10 Lab Report Due Date Schedule 10 Experiments 10 14. Supplements 17 A. Extraction of Unknown 17 B. Recrystallization of Unknown Products 18 C. Methyl Benzoate 19 D. Synthesis of Luminol 20 E. Azo Violet 23 1. GENERAL INFORMATION PRE- and CO-REQUISITES Pre- and co-requisites for CH 220C listed in the Course Schedule. Important: Because the lecture and laboratory courses are co-requisites of each other, dropping one of them requires that you drop the other as well, unless the drop occurs during ...
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...investigators will rely on their forensic teams to link all the pieces of the puzzle that don’t quite fit yet. A Forensic Chemist can make them fit by scientifically analyzing the evidence. Chemistry, biology, materials science, and genetics to analyze clue found at the scene of the crime, on the victims or in the bodies of the bad guys. Forensic Chemists go into a case with many unknow pieces of the crime scene they need to analyze to determine the nature of each sample. Most Forensic Chemists work in a lab. It is rare for private labs to do this kind of work so most of the time these labs are associated with Local, State, or Federal law enforcement agencies. From local Medical Examiner’s labs to state of the art FBI labs, Forensics Chemists often provide the strongest evidence in court against the defendants. They have many different types of test and methods they use to figure out what the samples mean. Each crime scene brings new types of clues and samples so a Forensic Chemist must always be thinking of ways to analyze the evidence. Some of the more common test for optical testing, X-ray spectroscopy, UV, and infrared. For separations analyses, HPLC, gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. In a typical day a Forensic Chemists could use as many different sciences such as chemistry, genetics, biology and Mass spectrometry. Crime shows, novels and movies have made...
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...Why do we keep a lab notebook? In the ‘real world’, you will be expected to record what you do and how you do it, with the data clearly identifiable. There are 2 reasons for this: • Any scientific experiment is only considered valid if it can be repeated by someone else using your notebook. • If you develop a new product or process, your notebook becomes a legal document that can be scrutinized in a court of law, especially in cases of patent infringement. In order to meet these requirements, certain conditions must be met: • Notebooks shall have bound pages, loose-leaf and spiral bound are not acceptable. • All pages must be numbered prior to use. This will show if any pages have been removed that contained data that might compromise interpretation of your conclusions. • All data shall be entered chronologically. Do not leave empty pages to insert information later. If you finish with a large expanse of blank page, put a line through it to show that it will not be used. • All notes are to be made in indelible pen – pencil will be penalized. If you make a mistake, just draw a single line through it, not a childish scribble to hide all traces! • All data will be recorded in your lab notebook at the moment it is generated. No notes shall be written on scraps of paper or memorized for later. Other notes about the lab notebook: All pre-lab and experimental work is hand-written in your lab notebook. Make...
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...Acis CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies have been done on these compounds, and their reactions are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an acid and base are combined, resulting in the formation of water (in aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt containing the conjugate base anion in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is added. In this experiment you will prepare a buffer solution and observe its behavior when mixed both with an acid and a base. You will also compare the behavior with that of solutions containing only the acid. Theory In his theory of ionization in the 1880’s, Svante Arrhenius defined acids are substances which form H+ and bases as substances which form OH- in water. He further defined a salt as a substance other than an acid or base which forms ions in aqueous solution. Such substances are thus capable of producing an electric current and are called electrolytes. The amount of electricity produced is directly proportional to the concentration of ions in solution. With regard to electrolytes we have learned previously that strong acids and strong bases ionize completely, and are therefore strong electrolytes because they...
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...« Study and create flashcards for free at Cram.com Sign In | Sign Up StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes Essays Book Notes AP Notes Citation Generator More Experiment 4: properties of gases By swifty217, june 2013 | 2 Pages (480 Words) | 76 Views | 4.5 1 2 3 4 5 (1) | Report | This is a Premium essay for upgraded members Sign Up to access full essay DID YOU LIKE THIS? TELL YOUR FRIENDS... Send Report Submitted: June 21, 2013 Title: Properties of Gases Purpose: To analyze a few physical and chemical properties of gases as well as using those properties to identify the gases. Procedure: * For Hydrogen I placed a piece of Zn metal into a test tube with diluted HCl. * To produce oxygen I added Hydrogen peroxide to manganese. * Next, I added baking soda to vinegar. This caused a quick and energetic reaction! The gas from the reaction I pumped into some Limewater. * Then I mixed Alka Seltzer and water and pumped the gas caused by that reaction into some limewater. Data: Data Table: Experiment Results | Gas | Flame Reaction | Glowing Splint | Limewater reaction | Bromothymol blue reaction | Hydrogen | It enlarged the flame. | | | | Oxygen | It lit up quickly | | | | Hydrogen & oxygen | It puts it out. | | | | Carbon dioxide | It puts it out | | It bubbled and turned cloudy. | It turned it yellow | Alka Seltzer | | | Bubbles stayed in the...
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...Nassau County Police Department Forensics Lab. The lab was later closed due to numerous concerns about the dysfunction and integrity of the lab. Following the closing, lab reports that were public record caused an uproar about the performance of the lab, including one in particular, which is the the American Society of Crime Lab Directors (ASCLD) that had placed them on probation not once, but twice in a four year time span. This event caused suspicion of the local official’s and to the public. Before the closure of the lab there had been some talk about the analysis of the illegal substance MDMA, also known as Ecstasy. There had been some distorted testing, which could have affected the results. This also could have had an impact on some of the criminal cases that came through Nassau County. This caused a need for more concern and even more invasive questioning about the labs integrity and abilities to put forth quality work. Shortly, after these findings Governor Andrew M. Cuomo issued an executive order that led to an investigation. The labs history was sought through and reviewed, including requirements and systems in place. As mentioned above some of the flaws that occurred could have affected the...
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...Fall 2015 Analytical Chemistry I Quantitative Analysis Chem 341WI 4 Credit Hrs | Instruction Mode: L (lab) and P (class) Professor Andrew Holder holdera@umkc.edu • SCB 113 • 816-235-2293 • 913-543-3709 (fax) Office Hours: T/Th 1:00-4:00, 5:00 – 7:30 Lecture: T/Th 4PM | Labs: T/Th 1PM (AFT), 5PM (EVE) Credit: Lab + Lecture = 4 credits | Format: Lab + Lecture (P) Lecture / Class Policies and Procedures Correspondence with UMKC Student Learning Outcomes Scientific Reasoning & Quantitative Analysis * Apply principles/methods of sciencea, mathb, statisticsc and logicd to solve problems and draw logical inferences. * Chpt 3: Experimental Error (c) * Chpt 4: Statistics (c) * Chpt 6: Chemical Equilibrium (a, b, d, e, f) * Chpt 7: Activity & Systematic Trtmnt, (a, d, e, h) * Chpt 8: Monoprotic Acid-Base Equil., * Chpt 9: Polyprotic Acid-Base Equil. (a, d, e, g, h) * Develop quantitative literacy enabling comprehensione and evaluationf of info in broad contexts. * Chpt 3: Experimental Error, Chpt 4: Statistics (f) * Chpt 5: Quality Assurance and Calibration Methods (c) * Understand methodsg/principlesh of scientific discovery and their application * Sxn 0-2: The Analytical Chemist’s Job (g, h) * Sxn 0-3: General Stages in a Chemical Analysis (g, h) * Chpt 2: Tools of the Trade (g) * Carrying out laboratory analyses (g, h) ...
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...CHEM 145 is absolutely the best advanced lab class one can take at Harvard. It is not only well designed, taught, and graded, but it will also give you the chance to befriend some of the best teaching staff you will ever meet. At the end of the semester, you will become such a pro at giving presentations, and you will feel competent to work for any inorganic or organic chemistry lab. The course itself is very nicely structured. Throughout the semester, you will be trying to synthesize a Co or Fe catalyst, which at the end you get to do some research and use your product for catalysis of your choice. The course kicks off with synthesizing the ligand in the hood, but soon moves onto metalation, reduction, and catalysis in your own glove box...
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