...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
Words: 2017 - Pages: 9
...Step 1: Select secret image S and target image T. If the size of the target image T is different from that of the secret image S, change the size of T to be identical to that of S Step 2: Convert target image into HSV image by using the equation (1) to form new target image T Step 3: For performing color conversion, first means and of S and T are find out and then find standard deviation quotient from equation (3.5) for each color channel Step 4: Limit mean value by eight bits and standard deviation quotient to seven bits Step 5: Based on this value, for each pixel p in each secret image S with color value c where c = r, g, or b, transform c into a new value by (3) Step 6: if is not smaller than 255 or if it is not larger than 0, then change to be 255 or 0, respectively; compute a residual value R for pixel p Step 7: Divide the color converted secret image S into n tile images as well as the target image T into n target blocks Step 8: Compute the means and the standard deviations of each tile image T and each target block B for the three color channels according to equations (1) and (2). Step 9: Compute accordingly the average standard deviations for T and B , respectively, for i = 1 through n and j = 1 through n. Step 10: Sort the tile images in the set = and the target blocks in the set = according to the computed average standard deviation values of the blocks; map in order the blocks in the sorted S tile to those in the sorted S target in a 1-to-1...
Words: 1254 - Pages: 6
...Lab 6: How to Write a Lab Report (1) Atta, S., M. Ikbal, A. Kumar, and N. D. Pradeep Singh. 2012. Application of photoremovable protecting group for controlled release of plant growth regulators by sunlight. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 111:39-49. --This article shows that sunlight is the key requirement for plant growth. It explains how sunlight helps in releasing plant growth regulators in plants which enhances plant growth. This article is helpful for my lab report because we provided sunlight to our plants which makes their development faster. (2) Ikram-ul-Haq, Z. A., G. M. Taseer, M. U. D. Mukesh, and S. Ali. 2011. Effects of different fruit juices used as carbon source on cucumber seedling under in-virto cultures. African Journal of Biotechnology 10:7404-7408. --This article shows how fruit juices help plants to grow better because of the sugar that fruit juices contain. They used strawberry and apple juices, but they were not as good as orange and grape juices, regarding their effect on plant growth. This article is helpful for my lab report because we used orange juice to measure its effect on the growth of our plants. (3) Einset, J.W. 1978. Citrus tissue culture: stimulation of fruit explants cultures with orange juice. Plant Physiology 62:885-888. --This article shows the effect of orange juice on plant growth. It explains how using high concentrations of citric acid does not enhance the plant growth, but using...
Words: 299 - Pages: 2
...Why do we keep a lab notebook? In the ‘real world’, you will be expected to record what you do and how you do it, with the data clearly identifiable. There are 2 reasons for this: • Any scientific experiment is only considered valid if it can be repeated by someone else using your notebook. • If you develop a new product or process, your notebook becomes a legal document that can be scrutinized in a court of law, especially in cases of patent infringement. In order to meet these requirements, certain conditions must be met: • Notebooks shall have bound pages, loose-leaf and spiral bound are not acceptable. • All pages must be numbered prior to use. This will show if any pages have been removed that contained data that might compromise interpretation of your conclusions. • All data shall be entered chronologically. Do not leave empty pages to insert information later. If you finish with a large expanse of blank page, put a line through it to show that it will not be used. • All notes are to be made in indelible pen – pencil will be penalized. If you make a mistake, just draw a single line through it, not a childish scribble to hide all traces! • All data will be recorded in your lab notebook at the moment it is generated. No notes shall be written on scraps of paper or memorized for later. Other notes about the lab notebook: All pre-lab and experimental work is hand-written in your lab notebook. Make...
Words: 1389 - Pages: 6
...C8057 (Research Methods in Psychology): Writing Laboratory Reports Writing Lab Reports & APA Format Structure and Content of a Laboratory Report This following provides a brief overview of the structure and content of various elements in a laboratory report, based on APA guidelines. The APA publication manual can be referred to for more detail. The purpose of a lab report is to communicate research in a clear, systematic and standardised way. Primarily, a lab report should communicate the following things: → Why did I bother? Why did I do this experiment and why is it an interesting contribution to science? → How did I do it? How did I carry out this research (this should be detailed enough so that the experiment could be replicated precisely)? → What did I find? What were the results of your study? → So What? What do your findings mean in terms of your hypotheses and what theoretical contribution do they make? IMPORTANT! The advice that we give you in this handout is not inflexible, it is a guide! For example, when we say that the title should be fewer than 15 words, the world will not end if your title is 16 words. So, please use your common sense. In case you don’t have any, the snail of sense will appear to give you some advice. Format There are several sections to a lab report: → Title → Abstract → Introduction → Method o o o o o → Results → Discussion → References → Appendix (Optional) Title Your title should ideally be fewer than 15 words. A good title alerts the reader...
Words: 7238 - Pages: 29
...Lab Report Using Gravitational Force as a Measurement Tool Answer the following questions about the results of this activity. Record your answers in the boxes. Send your completed lab report to your instructor. Don’t forget to save your lab report to your computer! Activity 1 Record your data from Activity 1 in the boxes below. Enter the data for the sample you used in each trial (5000 rpm, 10000 rpm, etc…) in the appropriate columns and the corresponding g-force, number of layers, and position of layers position results. You will need to use the following formula to assist with your laboratory report: • G-force =0 00001118 x radius of centrifuge arm x (rpm)2 • The radius of the centrifuge arm for this instrument is 10 cm. | | | | | | |Speed |5000 rpm |10000 rpm |15000 rpm |20000 rpm | | |2795 |1180 |2655 |4720 | |G-force | | | | | | | |4 |5 |3 | |Number of Layers...
Words: 436 - Pages: 2
...Crowder-Gross Lab 2 Report 3-In this activity you learn open Server Manager and then see what all the different things it can do. For instance, if you are working in Active Directory, you can create a new user account, set up a shared folder, or change to a different domain. What are the topics for additional information? The topics for additional information overview of print services, migrate print servers, control printer driver security, update printer drivers, and resources for print management. Note Installation Results The results showed that the installation attempts failed. 3-3 For this section you use ServerManagerCmd.exe to install the Print Services role, query the installed roles and features, and then remove the Print Services role. ServerManagerCmd.exe is designed to help the installation of multiple servers and for the server administrator who prefers to work from the command line. Record observations about the purpose of each tab Advance tab- shows what properties are available for the network adapter Driver tab- shows detail of the driver Details tab-shows device description Resources tab- shows the range of the resources Power management- shows different ways to save power Are any resources conflicts reported? How would you solve a resource conflict? There are not any conflicts reported. 3-10 This activity is done to learn where to configure the system and user environment variables and at the same time determine which ones are...
Words: 318 - Pages: 2
...Name: Gertrude Edwards Date: 12/1/2014 Instructor’s Name: Staci Lynn Assignment: SCI203 Phase 2 Lab Report TITLE: Speciation • Purpose o The purpose of this lab is to evaluate what would happen if a species within a population were suddenly split into 2 groups. • Introduction o If a population is divided indefinitely by a barrier members of the divided population will not have the opportunity to breed with each other, over years, the biotic and abiotic conditions on either side of the barrier will vary from one another. (M.U.S.E). • Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome o Based on what I’ve learned I expect that species will undergo changes if they were split into 2 different groups, some would adapt and some wouldn’t. • Methods o The methods I used in this lab came from M.U.S.E. The initial separation would consist of some species from the mainland reaching the isolated Island, then after that the isolated population would begin to diverge because of the genetic drift and natural selection, then after that overtime divergence may eventually become sufficient to cause reproduction isolation. (M.U.S.E). • Results/Outcome o As a result, Natural selection will cause different selective and adaptive pressures to occur between the two divided populations and they will evolve forever. Over time this will result in speciation which is the creation of two new species. (M.U.S.E). • Discussion/Analysis ...
Words: 309 - Pages: 2
...04.03 Periodic Table - Lab Report Please complete the following lab report for assignment 04.03 Introduction to the Periodic Table. Take notes on the properties of the three types of elements. Metals|Good conductors of heat and electricity. Metal are ductile, and malleable. Not only have that metals also had a distinct shiny look which is called metallic luster.| Nonmetals|Poor in conducting heat and electricity generally as insulators, only at room temperature. Non-metals can be either solids or gases; they are neither ductile nor malleable. They are mainly either opaque or transparent.| Metalloids|Moderate at conducting heat and electricity, only solid at room temperature, can be ductile and malleable only to varying degrees. How at metallic luster in varying degrees.| Fill in the following data table as you complete the activity. Material|Conductivity(strong, moderate, none)|Ductility(ductile or not ductile)|Appearance(bright shine, moderate shine, or no shine)| 1|The light is bright.|Can be drawn into wire.|Shines brightly.| 2|The light is dim.|Can be drawn into wire|Shines moderately.| 3|There is no light.|Cannot be drawn into wire|Does not shine.| 4|The light is bright.|Can be drawn into wire.|Shines brightly.| Identify each of the following as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. Please use complete sentences to describe the observations that led you to identify each. Material 1: Metal- Because it can be drawn into wire, shines brightly, and the light...
Words: 357 - Pages: 2
...Lab 1: Introduction Metric System Prefixes (to put in front of basic units): k = kilo = 1000 x c = centi = 1/100 of (which is 10-2 of) m = milli = 1/1000 of (which is 10-3 of) ( = micro = 1/1,000,000 of (which is 10-6 of) n = nano = 1/1,000,000,000 of (which is 10-9 of) (d = deci = 1/10 of ) [pic] (Note: The way to read the numbers above, for example, is: There are 1000 nm in one (m. There are 1000 (m in one mm.. etc.) To convert from one metric unit to a different metric unit (a different prefix): 1. First, decide how many places to move the decimal point (the number of 0’s in the chart above indicates the number of places to move the decimal point). 2. Next you need to decide whether to move the decimal point left or right. To decide this, think about which is the smaller unit. (The smaller the unit is, the more of them you need to get the same amount. e.g. pennies vs. dollars) NOTE: Here is another way to write the conversions, using distance (the meter is the basic unit for distance) as an example: 0.001 km = 1 m = 10 dm = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 1,000,000 (m = 1,000,000,000 nm The “staircase” method: One more way to remember about sliding decimal points when converting between prefixes in the metric system! [pic] Move the decimal point 3 places for every step you move on the “staircase”, and in the same direction traveled on the staircase (left vs. right). Unfortunately, you can see that the “c” prefix...
Words: 1090 - Pages: 5
...Lab report As part of my module Nip1002 I was required to perform a set of observational skills which included; pulse, blood pressure, respirations, hand washing and urinalysis and then compare them to previous results. In this lab report I am going to discuss blood pressure in detail. Procedure * Explain the procedure to the patient and gain consent * Wash hands thoroughly following the hand wash technique to prevent the transfer of bacteria * Clean equipment e.g. blood pressure cuff and stethoscope using antibacterial wipes * Ensure the patient is comfortable and has been resting for 10 minutes * Remove tight clothing and support the arm at heart level, overestimation or underestimation can occur if it is not at the appropriate level * Ensure you have the correct cuff size for the patient or this could give an inaccurate reading * Locate the brachial artery and apply the cuff * Estimate the systolic pressure by using the radial pulse and inflate the cuff until the pulse cannot be felt. This is important to provide an estimation and avoids error in reading. * To take the patient’s blood pressure use a stethoscope and place on the brachial artery pulse and inflate 20-30 mmHg higher than the estimated systolic pulse * Immediately release the pressure using the thumb valve at approximately 2mmHg per second. If it is deflated too rapidly you may not hear the sounds accurately * The systolic pressure is the level when clear tapping sounds...
Words: 1016 - Pages: 5
...Gustavo Duran Per#5 Making Dilutions of Concentrated Solutions Purpose: To make dilutions of concentrated solutions and report their concentration in different ways. Hypothesis: I predict that at least one of the tubes will not change color because of the little concentration it has. Materials: Balance, analytical Balance, tabletop milligram weigh paper, 7.6x7.6 cm weigh boat, 3.5”x3.5” Lab scoops cupric sulfate 5-hydrate Tubes, 15 mL, capped Tube racks for 15mL tubes Deionized water Permanent lab marker pens Tubes, glass, 13x100mm Peg racks for 13x100 mm tubes pipets, 5mL pipet pump, green Spectrophotometer, spectronic 20 D+ Procedure: ● In matrixes similar to those shown in table 3.21 and 3.22, record all your calculations and diagrams. Confirm your calculations with another person’s calculations before you begin. Draw a diagram to show how each sample is diluted. Use the equation to make the calculations. Be sure to make the columns te appropriate width for the material they will contain. ● Label all tubes with the name and concentration of the sample, your initials, and the date. Table 3.21 Dilutions of the 300x stock CuSO4 volume to be made (mL) concentration to be made (x) 5 150x 7 30x 5 15x 5 3x 4 Calculations Volume of stock to use Solution preparation diagram 1x 1. Prepare 25mL of 300-mg/mL CuSO4 solution. Mix well. Do not use previously made solutions. consider this a 300x...
Words: 706 - Pages: 3
...Apparatus, materials and methods "As the name implies, the materials and methods used in the experiments should be reported in this section. The difficulty in writing this section is to provide enough detail for the reader to understand the experiment without overwhelming him or her. When procedures from a lab book or another report are followed exactly, simply cite the work, noting that details can be found in that particular source. However, it is still necessary to describe special pieces of equipment and the general theory of the assays used. This can be usually be done in a short paragraph, possibly along with a drawing of the experiment apparatus. Generally, this section attempts to answer the following questions: 1, What materials were used? 2. How were they used? 3. Where and when was the work done? (This question is most important in field studies.)" Observations and/or results with discussion Results "The results section should summarize the data from the experiments without discussing their implications. The data should be organized into tables, figures, graphs, photographs, and so on. But data included in a table should not be duplicated in a figure or graph. All figures and tables should have descriptive titles and should include a legend explaining any symbols, abbreviations, or special methods used. Figures and tables should be numbered separately and should be referred to in the text by number, for example: -Figure 1 shows that the activity decreased...
Words: 287 - Pages: 2
...BMS192 Lab Report marking sheet for 201360 Lab Report Marking Criteria Marks awarded Section total Abstract (4 marks) 2 Approx 2 lines introducing the topic (and aims) (1 mark) 1 Approx 2 lines for methods (1 mark) 0.5 Approx 2 lines summarising results (1 mark) 0 Approx 2 lines concluding (1 mark) 0.5 Introduction (11 marks) Note: use your text and the supplied journal articles to justify and support the development of the aims and hypothesis of the study. 5.75 What is blood pressure (BP)? (1 mark) 1 What is normal blood pressure? (1 mark) 0.5 Explain and Define mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP)and what they represent without showing their calculation (2 mark) 1 What can cause changes in blood pressure? (1 mark) 0.25 How is blood pressure regulated? (Focus mainly on the short term regulation of blood pressure, but also briefly mention long term regulation) Include the following: • What receptors detect changes in blood pressure? (1 mark) • Where is the signal transmitted? (1 mark) • What is the output and effectors? (1 mark) • What is the final result of effector action(s)? (i.e. Increased or decreased BP)? (1 mark) You do not complete your argument by including this information. 1 1 0.5 0 Aims and hypothesis. Explain what the study is testing and why (2 marks). Note: a hypothesis is a statement that you can test as being true or false so your results will either support the hypothesis or show it to be incorrect...
Words: 3522 - Pages: 15
...Lab Report Introduction: Natural selection relies upon the assumption that all organisms produce more offspring than can survive in an environment demonstration limited resources. The heritable traits that are best suited for a particular environment should be passed on at a greater frequency then those less adaptive traits. Natural selection is unique in that it leads to adaptive change, and these changes are likely to lead to increased survival and reproductive success. To sum up, natural selection is that organisms can survive only because they can suit to the changed environment which means those organisms also need to change with the environment all the time. Hypothesis: during the experiment, the forks out of all the “predators” should survive, and the peas out of all those “preys” will be survived. Material and Metnods: We will use 4 kind of beans (preys items) which are fava beans, white beans, red beans and peas. And we also have 4 mouthparts (predators) which are knives, forks, spoons and foreceps. First, we get 100 ml for each prey and spread them on the ground. And the students will be divided into 4 groups with those 4 different predators. Each group of predators include 6 student. And all of the predators will have a cup which will serve as the stomach into which the prey will be placed. We also have a timer and a security that will make sure the process is fair. Here we begin the game. The predators will be gathered, they will be instructed not to...
Words: 806 - Pages: 4
