...Sample Research Paper on Citizenship Introduction Citizenship is being defined as the relationship between the state and individuals. Historically citizenship is being inevitably linked with the state formation. Originally citizenship was denoting residence of people within protected walls of a city. Thus, whoever belonged to a community residing inside the boundaries was considered a citizen. Later this term has acquired a different meaning and the standards and definitions of citizenship have changed. There were many reasons that have caused such changes: history proceeded with its migrations, wars and annexation and along on its way brought new meanings to citizenship. Such change in definition, for example, can be found in suffrage granted to women and the nonpropertied classes. Paupers, convicts and soldiers are another example of how political and civil rights were once a privilege of certain classes only (Dahrendorf, 1974, p. 11). With the introduction of mass democracy and social protection as well as introduction of welfare state a need in the new conception that would look on the relationship on an individual and the state appeared consequently. The norms of citizenship, therefore, have improved with the development of state and citizenship became a multination concept, which implies different things to different nations (Dahrendorf, 1974, p. 12). According to Michael Ignatieff (1995), the introduction of the welfare state can be explained as an attempt to make citizenship...
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...within single countries, where the range of unemployment rates is much higher than in the US. Disparities in European regional unemployment rates are also extremely persistent. In the US the correlation between regional unemployment rates between 1997-2004 is only 0.3, indicating that over two-thirds of any regional unemployment problem is solved over that period. In Europe, however, the correlation averages 0.83, suggesting that very little adjustment takes place. (Figure 1 in Appendix)[2] This is not a recent phenomena but persistence appears to have been the main feature of behaviour of regional unemployment disparities in European regions since the early 1980s. Baddeley, Martin and Tyler provide this evidence in a report, using rank-order correlations between regional unemployment rates using five ‘core’ member states [3] (data limitations prevent the comprehensive investigation of regional unemployment for all sub regions of the EU-in particular the southern member states.) The...
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... Business Research Report Proposal: Initial Research Proposal Name : Liew Yu Jie Student No : HHA8012 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Body i. Research Question 5 ii. Research Methodology 5 iii. Data Collection 6 iv. Expected Outcomes - Conclusion 7 Reference 8 Executive Summary This report shows the immigration rates and is compared to those of the rest of the world. From this report, Australia can be seen as a widely multicultural society with a very wide variety of ethnicities and country of origins. The first chart was obtained from the Australia Bureau of Statistics. It clearly outlines the migration growth from the 1970’s – 2014; Although the numbers are not inversely increasing, the final migration population in the recent years has clearly outgrown from when migration first started back in the 70’s. The second chart was also obtained from the Australia Bureau of Statistics. The data reflects on the numbers of different population from different countries residing in Australia in the year 2014. It can be seen that the European countries are top on the charts followed by Asian countries. Despite each country having its own resources and opportunity to work, there are a portion of them that choose to migrate to Australia and have yet to stop increasing over the years. This could be caused by the increased job opportunities and scarce labour availability...
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...Labour Conditions in Ikea’s Supply Chain Case Studies in Bangladesh and Vietnam August 2006 Esther de Haan & Michiel van Dijk Labour Conditions in Ikea’s Supply Chain Labour Conditions in Ikea’s Supply Chain Case Studies in Bangladesh and Vietnam Esther de Haan & Michiel van Dijk Amsterdam, Augustus 2006 2 Colofon Labour Conditions in Ikea’s Supply Chain Case Studies in Bangladesh and Vietnam By: Esther de Haan & Michiel van Dijk August 2006 This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivateWorks 2.5 License. To view a copy of this license visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5 This report was commissioned by: Oxfam-Magasins du Monde Published by: SOMO Centre for research on Multinational Corporations Keizersgracht 132 1015 CW Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel: +31(20)6391291 Fax: +31(20)6391321 E-mail:info@somo.nl Website:www.somo.nl Subscribe here to the SOMO quarterly newsletter to keep informed of SOMO news and activities. 3 Labour Conditions in Ikea’s Supply Chain Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................5 Chapter 2 Bangladesh....................................................................................................7 2.1 Employment is freely chosen...............................................................................7 2.2 There is no discrimination in employment .................
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...BRIEFING Non-European Labour Migration to the UK AUTHOR: DR SCOTT BLINDER PUBLISHED: 30/01/2012 NEXT UPDATE: 30/01/2013 1st Revision www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk BRIEFING: Non-European Labour Migration to the UK This briefing examines labour migration to the UK among people who are not from the European Economic Area (EEA). Labour migrants are those whose primary reason for migrating or whose legal permission to enter the UK is for employment. Key Points Non-EEA labour migration increased over the 1990s and early 2000s but has declined since a peak in 2004-2006. Skilled and highly-skilled workers (Tier 1 and 2 of the Points-Based System) take up slightly less than half of entry visas issued for work. A majority of non-EEA labour migrants coming to the UK are male; a majority of newly arriving labour migrants are aged 25-44. The largest numbers of non-EEA labour migrants are nationals of Asian countries, followed by the Americas; labour migration among Africans has declined since at least 2004. Understanding the evidence Labour migration involves people coming to the UK for the purpose of paid work. Depending on the source of data, measures of labour migration might involve people who say that they are coming to the UK because of a definite job or to look for work (International Passenger Survey data), or people who have permission to enter the UK through a workrelated visa (administrative data on visas and passenger entries). IPS and administrative...
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...Company Name: British Airways HR issue: Employee unrest/strikes Introduction I have basically divided my report into 5 parts according to the learning objectives. The format of it will be as follows: 1) Objectives and introduction of the report 2) Address LO1 3) Address LO2 4) Address LO3 5) Conclusion and Recommendations PART 1& 2 LO1. Critically evaluate the contribution of behavioural science theory and research to understanding organisational behaviour The main objective of my report will be firstly to demonstrate the contribution of behavioural science theory in comparison to scientific theories. In the light of these concepts I will go on to link theories to the problem (employee unrests/strikes) to my organization- British Airways. I will look at the scenario from the following perspectives: 1) Leadership and Management The first part of the paragraph will discuss about the styles of leadership (Autocratic, Democratic, Lasseiz Faire and paternalistic) and relate these styles to the CEOs till now with examples to support them. Then the report will go on to find the problems/ unrests that the management faced 2) Motivation The strategies of ‘cost-cutting including labour-force reductions’ is seen to be detrimental to BA’s employee motivation. In order to justify these, the problem at BA can be looked from two perspective: content theories and process theories. The former ones will discuss about the works of Mcgregor’s theory of X and Y, Maslow’s...
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...University of Westminster | Researching the Graduate Labour Market | BKEY501: Research and Professional Practice | | Student Name: Naseer Faruque | Module Leader: Course: Business Management & Marketing Student Number: W1332886 | Word Count: 1531 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 2 Graduate Labour Market2 Analysis of the current graduate labour market both general and specific 2 Analysis of the graduate labour market in general2 Analysis of employability of post-internship vs non-Internship Candidates2 Internships3 Identify skills, knowledge & aptitudes required from internships to enter the market 3 Analysis of a normal career path for a post internship candidate in your field 4 Identify the medium and long term prospects for employment post internship 4 Medium term prospects 4 Long term prospects 4 Identify the value of internship5 Conclusion5 Recommendations5 References6 1. Executive Summary In this report the key findings were that: The current graduate labour market both general and marketing has shown an increase in competition between graduates. The recession has caused less job opportunities and an increase of graduates has also made employers expect more from a graduate. Employers are looking for graduates with a specific set of skills, knowledge & aptitudes that they should of learnt from their internships...
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...Maybank IB Research PP16832/01/2013 (031128) Economics & Market Update 2 May 2012 Minimum Wage Labour Day “Gift” Another SRI delivered. PM Najib announced the country’s minimum wage policy on the eve of Labour Day. The National Minimum Wage Policy is part of the Strategic Reform Initiatives (SRI) for Human Capital Development under the Economic Transformation Programme. The minimum wage is set at MYR800-MYR900 per month with some allowances or fixed cash payments allowed to be considered in the calculation for minimum wage. It will be enforced six months from the date the Order is gazetted and will benefit 3.2m private sector workers (26%) out of the 12.3m total employment in the country. Impact on inflation should be gradual. Labour costs account for 9% of total production costs for the whole economy. But with only 26% of workers to benefit from the minimum wage, this group, at most, constitutes only 2.4% of total production cost, we estimate. According to a World Bank study in 2011, Malaysia’s wage growth (2.6% p.a.) was slower than productivity growth (6.7% p.a.), implying the capacity to implement minimum wage without causing excessive inflation rate pressures. We expect a gradual impact on inflation and maintain our inflation rate forecasts of 2.7% for 2012 and 3.3% for 2013. Gradual implementation to help manage the impact. The impact on other macroeconomic variables like employment and investment can only be gauged after some time since this is the first time an economywide...
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...National and International Approaches in Social Reporting Author(s): Franz Rothenbacher Reviewed work(s): Source: Social Indicators Research, Vol. 29, No. 1 (May, 1993), pp. 1-62 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27522680 . Accessed: 25/11/2011 03:27 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Social Indicators Research. http://www.jstor.org FRANZ ROTHENBACHER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES IN SOCIAL REPORTING* (Accepted 27 October, 1992) ABSTRACT. National and international in social in western approaches reporting are described. starts with The the outline of current in activities paper Europe are discussed. international The national Further organizations. competing approaches and products of social reporting; the plurality of actors in social topics are the sources and different The only diffusion of ways of its institutionalization. reporting, incomplete inWestern social are offered...
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...Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. In contrast, Japanese companies prefer to focus on areas where their contributions can be statistically measured. Interest in social aspects of CSR is significantly...
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...Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. In contrast, Japanese companies prefer to focus on areas where their contributions can be statistically measured. Interest in social aspects of CSR is significantly...
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...Brandon Hall Group Research Team September 2015 ©2015 Brandon Hall Group. Licensed for Distribution by Kronos Incorporated. Page 2 Time & Attendance Trends in the UK Table of Contents Introduction 4 Time & Attendance: A Critical Intersection 4 Laying the Foundation for Success 6 Taking Automation into the Future 8 Key Take-Aways 10 About Brandon Hall Group 11 ©2015 Brandon Hall Group. Licensed for Distribution by Kronos Incorporated. Page 3 Time & Attendance Trends in the UK Introduction NOTABLE INSIGHT Organisations with fully automated T&A processes are 32% more likely to be able to use their workforce data to support predictive analytics. Time and attendance (T&A) tracking and data are at the core of workforce management today and are key intersection points between HR and the business. Key findings from Brandon Hall Group’s 2015 HCM Technology Trends study show that organisations in the UK are beginning to take advantage of technology to automate T&A. As a result, they are able to experience key improvements in reporting and analytics capabilities and better support collaboration with other areas of the business: • Technology. 67% of UK organisations that have workforce management strategies say they have used technology to enable their T&A processes. • Reporting and analytics. Organisations with fully automated T&A processes are 70% more likely to be able to report on current data and...
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...CHILD DOMESTIC LABOUR IN PAKISTAN: OVERVIEW, ISSUES AND TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS BY Sajjad Akhtar Saadiya Razzaq June 2005 CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON POVERTY REDUCTION AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION (CRPRID) Ist Floor, P-Block, Pak Sectt. Islamabad Phone: 9202868 Fax: 9210254 www.crprid.org Abstract There is a dearth of in-depth empirical and qualitative research about the children in domestic work in Pakistan. The children in domestic work are not recognized as ‘child labour’ by society and by a number of governments, but rather as a normal feature of society. The objective of this paper is to present various dimensions of this neglected segment within the child labour phenomena. The purpose is not only to highlight the similarities and differences in dimensions such as labour market characteristics and its arrangements, working conditions, violence, exploitation from the all inclusive and parent “child labour” category, but also to spell out testable hypothesis that can be the basis for future data collection and empirical analysis on the subject. Our premise is that the labour arrangements of child domestic worker in Pakistan are segmented along non-resident and resident. Thus working conditions, violence, exploitation and dynamics of demand and supply vary with this widely observed segmentation. Although legislations and action plans on child labour in Pakistan, do not include any clause specifically on child domestic labour but the reality is that the vast majority of children...
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...Guidelines to write the Case Analytical Report There is no pre-set formula for preparing a case analysis because companies differ in focus, size, and complexity. Students must apply strategic management concepts and techniques they learn and experience to their case analyses. It is important to collect information about the company of the concerned case and its environment from various sources that are relevant and reliable. In writing the report, students are advised to discuss particular strategic issues that will concern the organization. Students are also advised to avoid vague terminology, redundant words, acronyms, abbreviations, and biased language in writing and presenting the reports. Tables, figures, and charts may be used to help communicate important issues. The case study report should be prepared collectively by all the members of the group. Each member of the group might research two or more of the steps and compile the information to formulate a proper structure for the report. Students must remember that their research should be done with the idea that they are acting as consultants to the organization or as a top-level management team. Students must identify current sources for company given in the case study and use them to write and analyze their cases. The submission of a successful case analytical report and obtaining an excellent grade will substantially depend on the extent to which the group designs and writes the report in an effective manner. Hence, each...
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...A study on the factors of High Labour Turnover within the Hotel Industry in Johor Bahru 1.0 Introduction The hotel industry in Malaysia was considered the second highest industry that contributed to the national GDP. A report from the Malaysia Insider (2010) stated that 9% of the country’s GDP is contributed by this industry due to the increasing numbers of tourists visiting the nation. This can be seen from a 2010 report by the MTPB which showed 16.4 million tourists arrived in 2005, later the number increased to 23.6 million within 5 years. Thus, an increase in the number of tourist means that there will be more job opportunities for the locals. However according to the report from the Ministry of Human Resource in 2009 it mentioned that the Tourism employee turnover in Malaysia is relatively high at 16% and 8% was contributed by hotel employee turnover. Manpower is crucial to any industry but to the service industry manpower shortage would be the biggest challenge faced by the hotel industry when compounded by the issues of staff retention and job satisfaction. In an increasingly competitive landscape, the hospitality industry must endure upon restructuring especially in aspects of career progression opportunities and matching the industry growth with the talent and service levels as well as monetary and non-monetary reward structures. It has become a necessity to look at the context of labour turnover within the hotel industry and decide on benchmark practices to battle...
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