...ΟΙ ∆ΗΜΟΣΙΕΣ ΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΗΤΑ Ο Edward Bernays, η εµβληµατική φυσιογνωµία για τις δηµόσιες σχέσεις, και για πολλούς ο εφευρέτης της σύγχρονης µορφής τους, είχε γράψει ότι, «Τα τρία κύρια στοιχεία των δηµοσίων σχέσεων, είναι πρακτικά τόσο παλαιά όσο και η ανθρώπινη κοινωνία: η πληροφόρηση, η πειθώ και η ενοποίηση/ συµφιλίωση ανθρώπων µε άλλους ανθρώπους. Βέβαια τα µέσα και οι µέθοδοι για την επίτευξη αυτών των στόχων, έχουν αλλάξει καθώς µεταβάλλεται και η ανθρώπινη κοινωνία». Κατά τον Bernays αλλά και για πολλούς ακόµα ιστορικούς του χώρου, η πρακτική των επαγγελµατικών δηµοσίων σχέσεων ήταν πάντα πιασµένη «χέρι – χέρι» µε την εξέλιξη του πολιτισµού. Μέσα από αυτήν την οπτική, το µεγαλύτερο µέρος της καταγεγραµµένης ιστορίας µπορεί να ερµηνευτεί σαν πρακτική δηµοσίων σχέσεων. Ενώ οι πρωτόγονες κοινωνίες κυβερνιόνταν κυρίως µέσω του φόβου και της τροµοκρατίας, οι πιο εξελιγµένοι πολιτισµοί βασίζονταν σε µεγάλο βαθµό στο διάλογο και την δηµόσια αντιπαράθεση των σκέψεων και των απόψεων. Καθώς οι άρχοντες και οι κάθε µορφής εξουσιαστές των κοινωνιών, αναζητούσαν την επίτευξη της συναίνεσης µε τα εξουσιαζόµενα πλήθη τους, η πειθώ βασίζονταν όλο και λιγότερο στη βία και περισσότερο στα λόγια. Με την εφεύρεση της γραφής, οι δηµόσιες σχέσεις εµφανίστηκαν µε την µορφή που τις αντιλαµβανόµαστε σήµερα. Αρχαίοι πολιτισµοί Οι ηγέτες των αρχαίων πολιτισµών (Σουµέριοι, Βαβυλώνιοι, Ασσύριοι και Πέρσες) στη προσπάθειά τους να σχηµατίσουν και προωθήσουν την εικόνα τους, χρησιµοποιούσαν ποιήµατα...
Words: 9628 - Pages: 39
...Case Synopsis BUS 478 – D300 Group F Cindy Guan Nicholas Heng Peter Lew Rui Cai Ryan Torio Tsz-Chung Cheang March 18, 2013 Introduction Nintendo Co. Ltd, founded by Fujisaro Yamauchi in 1889, began as a playing card business in Kyoto, Japan and, decades later, expanded to video game production. Nintendo released its first game console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), in 1985 (Nintendo, 2013). The NES became an instant hit and set Nintendo to be a pioneer in the game console industry throughout the 1990s. Gradual Decline Nintendo enjoyed tremendous success as it continuously released new consoles: Nintendo 64, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance, GameCube, and more. However, the company faced increasing competition in the early 2000s from Microsoft’s Xbox and Sony’s PlayStation consoles and its market share started to decline. In 2003, Nintendo’s share price fell sharply when Sony announced its PlayStation Portable (PSP), threatening the monopoly that Nintendo held on the portable console market (Kendall, 2009). Change in Strategy In an industry that competes based on delivering the latest technology, Nintendo’s newly promoted president, Satoru Iwata, took the company in a new strategic direction to restore the company’s former glory. Challenging the long-time video game market of boys, young men, and “serious gamers,” Nintendo decided to change their strategy and target those outside their traditional demographic: women, seniors, and families...
Words: 3364 - Pages: 14
...AP History addell Unit 1 8000 BCE-600 BCE Environment: Humans and their environment In Mesopotamia, new land was opened to agriculture by building and maintaining irrigation networks: canals brought water from river to field, drainage ditches carried water back to river, partial dams raised water level of river, and dikes protected against floods. States: Building, Expansion, Conflict Conquest gave some Mesopotamian city-states access to vital resources. Trade offered an alternative and long-distance commerce flourished. Social Structures: Development and Transformation The Law Code of Hammurabi, a Babylonian law code, reflects social divisions. It identifies three classes- 1) free land-owning class (royals, high-ranking officers, etc.) 2) dependent farmers and artisans 3) slaves employed for domestic service. The lower orders received the most severe punishments. Slaves were made out of POW. Cultures: Development and Interaction Ziggurats, a multistory, mud-brick, pyramid-shaped tower was built, yet scholars still wonder its function and symbolic meaning. Economic Systems: Creation, Expansion, Interaction Evidence of seagoing vessels that carried wood, metals, stone from foreign lands were exchanged with wool. cloth, barley, and vegetable oil. This trade helped boom the economy of Mesopotamia and other nearby countries such as Lebannon, Syria, Egypt, and Anatolia. Unit 2 600 BCE-600 CE Cultures: Development and Interaction The...
Words: 1929 - Pages: 8
...TOEFL 作文 行为 多样化动因 1、人们上大学的原因/167人们为什么要出国学习 knowledge, new experience, friends 48、除了赚钱谋生，人们还为什么要工作/53 A 判断一个工作（好坏）最重要的方面就是挣钱多少/ 72 P 总是行色匆匆，最大限度的投身工作还是放慢节奏地生活。/ 72 P 你会选择：高工资，低自由时间，与家人、朋友共度or低工资，但自由时间多的工作。（since there are always things more important and meaningful than just work and money.) 乐趣，朋友，健康 Enjoyment(artists and musicians ), friends, (psychological )health 131 Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. 艺术家，没有钱，但有工作的乐趣。所以成功； 社会活动家，公益事业者，没有钱，但帮助他人，所以成功； 小职员，钱不多，但家庭和睦，有闲暇时间陪伴家人，也很好很成功。 现场演出 32. 如果你得了一大笔钱，你是用来买珠宝还是听音乐会 33. 参加现场活动（一场演出、音乐会、运动会）比看现场直播好。 音乐现场效果好：incomparable sound effects and a indescribable sense of satisfaction can never experience by watching the 24inches electric box. Attending a melodrama, a concert, a symphony, or a sporting event. So incredibly attractive )坐在黑暗里，看掌声响起来 集体感：A sense of accompanied/ membership of people who indulge in the same interest, the same sorrow or pleasure or excitement. The kind of Resonance in the heart is so rarely sensed in daily life. 参与感：A sense of anticipate. The play or music is a cooperative masterpiece that created by the combination of the musician and the audience.(live performance is an intercourse between the audience and the performers.) 加强家庭关系：买票，开车，找位置，吃薯条。。。 变化·新事物·新经历·新朋友 31 终生生活在同一个地方还是寻找更好的工作，住宅，社区，气候。/118 C 有人喜欢变化，总是不断寻求新经历VS有人喜欢保持安定，不愿意改变生活习惯。CP /122 O 人们总是不满足于所拥有的，总是想要 something more and something different 孩子：change for a better educational condition 工作：change for a better...
Words: 3397 - Pages: 14
...Literature Review -- The Trend of American Pop Music From 1990s to 2000s As the development of globalization, we are getting more and more things from abroad, music, especially American music is a part of which. The United States has produced many popular musicians and composers in the modern world. Beginning with the birth of recorded music, American performers have continued to lead the field of popular music.This article is meant to give you an introduction and explanation of how the American pop music has been developing from 1990s to 2000s and why there is a trend like this. 1. Blues and Jazz Due to the immigration and population movements in history from 18th century to the peak time 1940s, millions of black man was moved or moved out of Africa to American to be cheap labours. During the movement, black music was brought into America and originated jazz and blue genres. 1.1 Blues Black slaves and their descendents created blues while they can adapt chasing and field shouters, turning on their passionate, because of which, blues has a free form as call-and-response vocal music, without the accompany of rhythm music. Led by Robert Johnson, Johnny Winter and many seniors, Bob Dylan is no doubt a representative. His works embodied folk, rock, Blues Retro and many factors. The narrative lyrics and sincere emotion made him popular till now. Moreover, in 1990s,Ben Harper's folk blues style,which actually brought people on the dance floor in small bars, was expressed...
Words: 1189 - Pages: 5
...He was a young 22 year old with bright red hair and a smile ot die for. He was out every night looking for his love the one he meet 15 years ago as a kid on the beach. He knew she lived around this area since they wrote every day till they were 18 and she stopped right. SO not shortly after 6 months of no letter and a bunch of returned letters he flew to Los angel and went to this house the address on the letters listed. The house was empty so of course he could not give up so during the day he searches for her and then at night goes to local hot spots to see if he may cross paths with her. Ten months after his 22nd birthday Ted decided to hire private investgator to help track down tis love of his, Sarh. La la la lalalalallal lalal lalal lalal alla lal al al l allal alla al al No no no no no yess ye syes jo jo l o lo kj kid girl freidns yes not me her I yes no maybe so He found her and lived happily every after. Got married had some kids and grew very old ina house they loved with a family they love. The End Ted: Boy Sarah: Girl Investigator: Peter Los Angel’s city of...
Words: 253 - Pages: 2
...He was a young 22 year old with bright red hair and a smile ot die for. He was out every night looking for his love the one he meet 15 years ago as a kid on the beach. He knew she lived around this area since they wrote every day till they were 18 and she stopped right. SO not shortly after 6 months of no letter and a bunch of returned letters he flew to Los angel and went to this house the address on the letters listed. The house was empty so of course he could not give up so during the day he searches for her and then at night goes to local hot spots to see if he may cross paths with her. Ten months after his 22nd birthday Ted decided to hire private investgator to help track down tis love of his, Sarh. La la la lalalalallal lalal lalal lalal alla lal al al l allal alla al al No no no no no yess ye syes jo jo l o lo kj kid girl freidns yes not me her I yes no maybe so He found her and lived happily every after. Got married had some kids and grew very old ina house they loved with a family they love. The End Ted: Boy Sarah: Girl Investigator: Peter Los Angel’s city of...
Words: 253 - Pages: 2
