...LAN Topologies LAN Topologies Ashley Jones University of Phoenix Case Project 2-1 This Case Project explains a network comprised of 50 computers that are connected to 10 Mbps hubs. It goes on to explain the collisions that are occurring when multiple stations send data simultaneously. This description indicates the network is using a logical bus topology because of the 10 Mbps hubs it utilizes. In addition, they are experiencing collisions; in a logical bus topology, data transmitted on the network is viewable by other nodes. The physical topology of this network seems to be an extended star. Since a multiport repeater/hub can have up to 24 ports, they can lay this network out in many different ways. If there is enough office space, they could set up 5 different offices of 10 stations. Each set of 10 would be connected to one 10 Mbps hub and form a physical star. Each of these hubs can be connected to a central hub that is used to extend the network. Case Project 2-2 This Case Project advises of a network that has 200 workstations and four servers connected by multiple switches. The network incorporates a physical star topology because all of its devices come together at a central location. More specifically, this exended star topology allows about 20 workstations to connect to one switch. This setup is repeated multiple times, all with 20 workstations connected. Another switch sits in the “center” of this setup and attaches to one of the switch ports...
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...Aybar IT/240 LAN Topologies Scott Perales April 27, 2014 Case 2-1 I would recommend the use of a central server which will ease up the process of controlling the incoming and outgoing data transmission. The central server will help the network not get overloaded with the amount of data packets being received and sent. In relation with the Hubs, it will be beneficiary to update them to be able to hubs with the capacity of 1,000 Mbps. This will also help with the overall network performance. Case 2-2 In this case, I will replace the switches and install routers instead. Routers have a better capability in joining together multiple LAN networks with WAN. Routers serves as a median destination for the network traffic. The routers with these workstations will be able to receive, analyzed the source and potential target, and where every packet will need to be sent to. Switches in this scenario, are not able to separate the broadcast domain like the router could; switches are only able to separate the collision in the domain. A network with only switches (hubs) must instead designate one computer as the gateway to the Internet, and that device must possess two network adapters for sharing, one for the home LAN and one for the Internet WAN. (Mitchell, 2014). Case 2-3 Logical/physical topology: A logical topology is the way devices...
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...LAN Topologies Lord Bones IT240 Jan 01, University of Phoenix - AXIA College LAN Topologies With this assignment I will discuss some topologies of a LAN as requested by questions 11, 12, and 13, chapter three from the textbook Local Area Networks. A “LAN (Local Area Network) topology is the appearance or layout of a network” (Regan, 2006). There are two forms of topologies of a network, namely, the physical- and logical topology with each its own types of topologies. The physical topology is what someone can see with his or her own eyes, i.e. a workstation, servers, cables, etc. while the logical topology is the dataflow of the network, how the data is moving from one point to another (Regan, 2006). In the following I will describe two physical topology types and one logical topology type, following the scenarios in the question’s mentioned above. In the first scenario there are four servers in the network with no hub present. The first (A) server is connected to the second (B), third (C), and the fourth (D). The second is connected to the third and fourth, while the third is connected to the fourth. (See figure 1.) This type of physical topology is called a Mesh Topology. A Mesh Topology is a topology where “every computer is linked to every other computer” (Regan, 2006). With this type of topology there is no hub or a similar device present. Also this type is difficult to install and certainly when it has to be reconfigured when a new computer is added to the network...
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...incoming and outgoing transmissions. A central server would stop the entire network from being bogged down because of data packets being sent and received. In addition, the hubs should be upgraded to handle 1000 Mbps. Below is an example of what a smaller version would look like. Case Project 2-2 Two hundred workstations and four servers on a single LAN are connected by a number of switches. You’re seeing an excessive number of broadcast packets throughout the LAN and want to decrease the effect this broadcast traffic has on your network. What steps must you take to achieve this goal? Ideally it’s preferable to probably split it up into one or more workstation subnets (based on say, departments) and then another subnet (or more for a larger enterprise) for the servers. Traffic between the subnets will be routed. This means the broadcasts from workstations won't hamper the servers and vice versa. Case Project 2-3 In Chapter 3, you learn about network topologies and technologies. As preparation, do Internet research on the following topics: ● Physical versus logical topology ● Bus topology ● Star topology ● Ring topology ● Ethernet and CSMA/CD Write a short explanation (two to three sentences) of each concept and be prepared to discuss it with the class. Physical...
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...LAN Topologies IT240 10/14/12 1. Case Project 2-1 With a network of 50 computers I will use the Ring Topology to upgrade this network. With this type of topology all the devices are connecting in a loop form and the information travels in one direction, thus avoiding collisions. Here the cabling doesn’t terminate, it continually goes from one device to another till it gets back to the original device. It is also easier to manage the network since all the information is passed around the ring in the same direction. 2. Case project 2-2 With that many computer and four servers, I will use an Extended Star Topology. As pointed out in the case project that there are a few switches available here, I will use a central switch and connect the rest of the available switches to it and connect the 200 PC’s to those switches. Switches are good for determining each individual packet’s destination and ensuring that they are delivered to the right device. Note Even though they might have two different uses in some cases, the hubs in my diagram represent the switches. 3. Case project 2-3 * Physical versus logical topology: A physical topology defines how the devices on a particular network are physically connected; logical on the contrast tells us how the systems on the...
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...February 8, 2014 February 8, 2014 LAN Topologies Assignment Case Project 2-1 You have been hired to upgrade a network of 50 computers currently connected to 10 Mbps hubs. This long-overdue upgrade is necessary because of poor network response time caused by a lot of collisions occurring during long file transfers between clients and servers. How do you recommend upgrading this network? What interconnecting devices will you use, and what benefit will you get from using these devices? Write a short memo describing the upgrade and, if possible, include a drawing of the new network. I have been recently hired to upgrade a company’s current network. Currently this company has a 10BaseT network established (Regan, 2004). This client is stating that they need to increase the overall bandwidth to the network and is having collisions issues occurring within the network which is causing more latency within the network. My two primary recommendations to upgrade this network are to; first go from a 10BaseT network to a 100BaseTX network, and second replace any hub currently in use with a switch capable of 100BaseTX data transfer standards. Transferring from a 10BaseT to a 100BaseTX network will require the additional purchase of networking devices but will increase the overall bandwidth from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps for each user in the network (Regan, Local area networks, 2004). By replacing the outdated hubs currently in use with switch will create a more specific collision domain...
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...LAN Topologies It 240 Week 2 Assignment: LAN Topologies IT/240 Week 2 Assignment 1. Case Project 2-1 With a network of 50 computers I will use the Ring Topology to upgrade this network. With this type of topology all the devices are connecting in a loop form and the information travels in one direction, thus avoiding collisions. Here the cabling doesn’t terminate, it continually goes from one device to another till it gets back to the original device. It is also easier to manage the network since all the information is passed around the ring in the same direction. 2. Case project 2-2 With that many computer and four servers, I will use an Extended Star Topology. As pointed out in the case project that there are a few switches available here, I will use a central switch and connect the rest of the available switches to it and connect the 200 PC’s to those switches. Switches are good for determining each individual packet’s destination and ensuring that they are delivered to the right device. Note- Even though they might have two different uses in some cases, the hubs in my diagram represent the switches. Case project 2-3 * Physical versus logical topology: A physical topology defines how the devices on a particular network are physically connected; logical...
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...There are many different types of network topologies, but the three most common types are LANs, MANs, and WANs. The LAN topology is probably the most common of the three. The MAN and WAN topologies are used but not nearly as much as the LAN topology is, although the WAN is starting to be used more and more because of the growing population of networks. The LAN (Local Area Network) is used so much because it is used in small areas. Small businesses use LANs a great deal because they are small and they wouldnt need a WAN or a MAN because there business is usually ran out of one or maybe two buildings. You will usually find LANs in buildings, schools, and even in homes at times. Some buildings even have multiple LAN's in them for certain purposes. When designing the layout of a LAN, the party can choose from a selection of different technologies on which to base the main part of their LAN. The technology choices that the party adopts will be a critical part in the way their LAN performs. Two important LAN setups are a network based on Ethernet or Token Ring technology. Besides operating in a small space, LANs have some other distinctive features. LANs are typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. A WAN (wide area network) goes across large physical distance. Many times a WAN will go almost around most of the world! The most popular WAN is the Internet. The Internet is one big huge WAN and it is also the most used WAN. A WAN is basically...
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...bandwidth and Channel capacity is not linear(proportional) relationship by examining the Shannon–Hartley theorem- , where capital C means Channel capacity and capital W means bandwidth. 2. Explain if ring topology is a good choice for WANs. ANS: WAN is a computer networking technology used to transmit data over long distances, and between different LANs, MANs. Thus, at first glance, we can say ring topology may NOT be a good choice for WAN because of the following reasons: The communication delay of ring topology is directly proportional to number of nodes in the network. It will result in serious delay if ring topology is being chosen to implement large networks such as WAN. Moving, adding and changing the devices (or even one malfunctioning device) in ring topology can affect the whole network. Especially in the large network such as WAN, there are hundreds of thousands of routers may be under maintenance. If one or more alternate devices are not being used to replace the original one, the whole network may be shut down. Bandwidth is shared between devices, which will result in low channel capacity if the ring topology is being used in case like WAN. However, there are ring protection methods such as line and path switched rings. These topologies evolved from telephony networks as an essential part of the SONET standard. Nodes on a switched ring monitor the health of optical transmission and in the event of a failure or cable break, switch a loop-back around...
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...071-326-0501 Move as a Member of a Fire Team Conditions: In a designated position (other than team leader) in a moving fire team. Standards: React immediately to the fire team leader’s example. Perform the same actions as the fire team leader does in the designated position within the formation. Performance Steps 1. Fire team formations describe the relationship of the Soldiers in the fire team to each other. Standard fire team formations are the wedge (figure 071-326-0501-1), modified wedge (figure 071-326-0501-2), diamond (figure 071-326-0501-3), and file (figure 071-326-0501-4). a. Fire team wedge (figure 071-326-0501-1). This is the basic fire team formation which— (1) Is easy to control. (2) Is flexible. (3) Allows immediate fires in all directions. (4) Offers all round local security. Figure 071-326-0501-1. Fire team wedge STP 21-1-SMCT 18 June 2009 071-326-0501 3-165 Performance Steps b. Fire team modified wedge (figure 071-326-0501-2). When rough terrain, poor visibility, or other factors reduce control of the wedge formation, the sides are closed up to (almost) a single file. When moving in less rugged terrain and control becomes easier, resume your original positions. The modified wedge is also used for extended periods when traveling on roads or trails. The modified wedge— (1) Is easier to control in reduced visibility or rough terrain than are other formations. (2) Offers less flank security than a...
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...NRIC: 3087Z SECTION: G2 NRIC: 3087Z SECTION: G2 RESEARCH QUESTION The article focused on how consumers make decisions in remote and in-store environments. Remote environments are those where products cannot be physically examined and only descriptions (both visual and verbal) are available. An example of a remote environment is an online store such as Amazon.com. In-store environments are those where real products can be handled and touched. An example of an in-store environment is the local supermarket, Cold Storage. The rationale behind the research was that consumers’ preferences might differ based on the type of information they get in the two different environments. In remote environments, consumer must rely on information provided through the sense of vision. In in-store environments, consumers can use the sense of touch to add information to their purchase decisions. The research question addressed by this study was: What is the effect of the two different types of information – information gathered through the sense of touch and information gathered through vision – on consumer decision-making and preferences? INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT AND MODERATING VARIABLES The independent variable in the main study was the type of environment: remote or in-store. The dependent variable in this study was the number of times a product was chosen. The moderating variable in this study was the product type. A typical product can be classified into 2 general categories: geometric...
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...Unit 6: Graph Theory - Assignment Total points for Assignment: 35 points. Assignments must be submitted as a Microsoft Word document and uploaded to the Dropbox for Unit 6. All Assignments are due by Tuesday at 11:59 PM ET of the assigned Unit. NOTE: Assignment problems should not be posted to the Discussion threads. Questions on the Assignment problems should be addressed to the instructor by sending an email or by attending office hours. You must show your work on all problems. If a problem is worth 2 points and you only show the answer, then you will receive only 1 point credit. If you use a calculator or online website, give the source and tell me exactly what you provided as input. For example, if you used Excel to compute 16 * 16, state “I typed =16*16 into Excel and got 256. You may type your answer right into this document. Part I. Basic Computations 1. (4 points) The plan for a four-room house is shown below. Draw a graph that models the connecting relationships between the areas in the floor plan. [Your graph does not [Your graph does not need to be fancy. You may use any drawing software such as Visio or Creatly.com] Answer: I used viso for graph[pic] 2. a. Identify all the vertices in the above graph with odd degree. Identify the degree of each of these vertices. (2 points) Answer: The odd number of edges is a odd degree vertices are D,E,F from the graph 3,1,3 it has a odd number. So D,E,F, is odd and the rest is...
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...Food Webs Report Week 5 MTH / 221 University of Phoenix Food Webs It may be difficult to know all the factors which determine an ecological niche, and some factors may be relatively unimportant. Hence it is useful to start with the concept of competition and try to find the minimum number of dimensions necessary for a phase space in which competition can be represented by niche overlap. One approach to this question is to consider the notion of the food web of an ecological community. Definition 1 A food web of an ecological community is a directed graph with a vertex for each species in the community and a directed edge from the vertex representing species A to the vertex representing species B if and only if A preys on B We can define competition using the food web. Two species compete if and only if they have a common prey. Thus, a Hawk and Wolf compete (since Rabbit is a common prey); Rabbit and Grasshopper compete, while Deer and Toad do not compete. We use this competition relation to define a graph called the competition graph. Definition 2 The competition graph of a food web is a simple graph with a vertex for each species. Two vertices are joined by an edge if and only if the species they represent have a common prey. Definition 3 A graph is an intersection graph for a family of sets if each vertex is assigned a set in such a way that two vertices are joined by an edge if and only if the corresponding sets have non-empty...
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...MTH 333 Writing Project Abdullah Aurko MTH 333 Writing Project Topic- Connectedness: A topological property I am working on concept of connectedness of a topological space as the topic for my writing project. I wish to proceed by giving a formal definition of the concept with proof and proving that connectedness is a topological property. This will be followed up with the proofs of several interesting and essential theorems involving connectedness of a topological space and how it enables us to distinguish between different topological spaces. A topological space X is disconnected if X=A B, where A and B are disjoint, nonempty, open subsets of X. (Roseman, 1999) Definition A topological space X is connected if it is not disconnected. Examples 1. A closed interval [a,b] is connected. To show this, suppose that it was disconnected. Then there are two nonempty disjoint open sets and whose union is [a,b]. Let X be the set equal to A or B and which does not contain the point b. Let s= sup X, the supremum of X. Since X does not contain b, s must be within the interval [a,b] and thus must be within either X or [a,b]\X. If s is within X, then by the definition of supremum there is an open set (s-ε, s+ε) within X. If s is not within X, then is within [a,b]\X, which is also open, and there is an open set (s-ε, s+ε) within [a,b]\X. Either case implies that s is not the supremum. 2. The topological space X=(0,1)\{1/2) is disconnected: A=(0,1/2), B=(1/2,1) (MathWorld) Lemma The following...
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...geometry and combinatorial geometry are branches of geometry that study combinatorial properties and constructive methods of discrete geometric objects. Most questions in discrete geometry involve finite or discrete sets of basic geometric objects, such as points, lines, planes, circles, spheres, polygons, and so forth. The subject focuses on the combinatorial properties of these objects, such as how they intersect one another, or how they may be arranged to cover a larger object. Discrete geometry has large overlap with convex geometry and computational geometry, and is closely related to subjects such as finite geometry, combinatorial optimization, digital geometry, discrete differential geometry, geometric graph theory,toric geometry, and combinatorial topology. Although polyhedra and tessellations have been studied for many years by people such as Kepler and Cauchy, modern discrete geometry has its origins in the late 19th century. Early topics studied were: the density of circle packings by Thue,projective configurations by Reye and Steinitz, the geometry of numbers by Minkowski, and map colourings by Tait, Heawood, and Hadwiger. László Fejes Tóth, H.S.M. Coxeter and Paul Erdős, laid the foundations of discrete geometry. "This is an introduction to the field of discrete geometry understood as the investigation of combinatorial properties of configurations of (usually finitely many) geometric objects … . The book is written in a lively and stimulating but very precise style and contains many...
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