...sources did I use to complete this paper according to the assignment instructions? The following sources were used for information to complete this assignment. "Public and Private Sector Experts to Share Waste Management Best Practice at EcoWASTE 2014." UAE Government News(2014)ProQuest. Web. 4 Feb. 2015. Pyrko, Jurek, and Sarah Darby. "Conditions of Energy Efficient Behaviour--a Comparative Study between Sweden and the UK."Energy Efficiency 4.3 (2011): 393-408. ProQuest. Web. 4 Feb. 2015. "The Swedish Recycling Revolution." Sweden.se. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2015. "Landfill Methane Outreach Program | US EPA." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2015. 5. Please provide an example of how sources have been cited correctly in the body of the essay in MLA format. These landfills account for around 18% of the total amount of methane emissions in the United States alone (Landfill Methane Outreach Program | US EPA.). 6. How does my conclusion effectively summarize my main points and restate my thesis in different words?...
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...An Overview Of Bioreactor Landfills Anusha John#, Ajay kumar K#, Abdul Shiyas M A#, Sreenath H# Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT Campus P O, PIN 673601, Kerala 1manjalyjohn@gmail.com 2ajaykumar@nitc.ac.in 3shiyas2003@yahoo.co.in 4srinad@gmail.com Abstract--- A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is one of the most common methods of solid waste management in various parts of the world. Significant environmental and economic benefits can be gained by making small changes in the way the landfills are operated. Bioreactor landfill is a promising biotechnological option for faster stabilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). It changes the goal of landfilling from the storage of waste to the treatment of waste. In a bioreactor landfill environment, the solid waste actively decomposes rather than being simply buried in a dry tomb. This active decomposition is possible because over half the MSW is comprised of organic material (food, paper, etc.), which will decompose fairly rapidly under the right conditions. Rather than being kept dry, the solid waste is actively moistened by injecting leachate into the landfilled solid waste to accelerate decomposition. The anaerobic conditions in a conventional landfill can be replaced with aerobic conditions by introducing air into the solid waste and thus enhancing the biological process. Studies show that a bioreactor landfill transforms and stabilizes...
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...The Landfills and Environmental Problems SCIE210 – 1303B – 10 American InterContinental University 09/22/2013 Abstract This paper will talk about what are an open dump and the problems with it. It will also talk about the early landfills and also the problem with. I will include leachate, methane, incomplete decomposition, and settling. It talks the modern landfill and the differences, and the improvement of landfills. It will also discuss the landfill I chosen and the innovation that is implemented, and what will reduce the environmental problems. Introduction: Solid waste is discarded garbage other than fluids. In the United States in 1996, almost 210 million tons o and 4.3 lb. (2kg) per person daily (up from 2.7lb./1.2kg in 1960) was collected and disposed of by municipalities. In the year, municipal trash which included 12.4 million tons of glass and around 80 million tons of paper and paperboard is by far the constituent, and therefore tonnages of food residues, yard trimming, textiles, plastics, and sludge formed of sewage treatment were produced. So the amount of increase has been slow somewhat by recycling and composition programs and improvements in packaging, the amount of solid waste continues to increase annually. What are open dumps and the problems? Open dumps are discarded loads of household trash, bags of yard excess, broken appliances, used tires and with pieces of debris, that is pipes, wood, pieces of shingles, and asbestos that can endanger...
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...The camera pans out from the crying Native American Indian you see why he’s upset there’s trash everywhere. Though we have made changes on trying to clean up cities and towns it still has a long way to go. The United States has a growing problem with resource consumption, Cities and towns are having problems with handling large capacities of waste. Hazardous waste and construction waste has grown in this dilemma also. With the methane emissions increasing as well hazardous liquids contamination seeping out of the landfills more computers means more plastic this causes your city and town landfill tax to increase to keep these problems under control. According to the U.S census bureau say there are 309,941,768 people in the us, a growth of 3.3 million people a year. With the average 4 person house hold accumulating 1 ton of waste per year, this could be a very serious problem for the ecosystem and the earth as well. The fact that pollution is on our highways, in our lakes and streams at the beaches and even even on top of Mt Everest is that litter effects both living and nonliving it has no prejudice. Litter effects use as a society in a lot of ways. Litter can be a safety hazard on the road from a survey done by green eco services(2009) twenty five thousand car accidents happen every year because of litter related conditions on the highway which in turn effects insurance companies to raise their premiums. Forty eight percent of Americas admit to littering...
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...Matteo Kirunna 30/09/11 English Speaking: ‘Wasting our Food’ 1) The Problem with Wasting Food • Families are wasting £680 a year on throwing away foods we can still eat • We are throwing away 8.3 million tonnes of food from our homes every year • On average £50 of food is wasted per average family every month • All of the wasted foods are dumped in landfill sites • The rotting food releases methane & Co2 into the air • Half of the food wasted could have been eaten if only we followed the out-of-date on packaging 2) Why do we throw away so much food? • We are using too much food to make meals for families, food may still remain in pans or bowls for self-serving • Not keeping fruits in fridges, so they become more soft or gone off quicker • Not freezing foods which you are not going to eat for a while • Not following the ‘use by date’ • Putting new foods in front of older foods in the fridge or cupboard • Overestimating our shopping • Throwing away leftovers which can be used for something else 3) The Benefits of ‘Not Wasting Foods’ • If everyone stopped wasting food, it would have the same Carbon Impact as taking of 1 in 4 cars off the road in the UK • It will save you money 4) What are Groceries & Food brands doing about this? • Most of the major supermarket retailers in the UK welcome the campaign and have committed to work with WRAP to identify ways they can help us, their customers...
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...Just about everyone knows our environment is in danger. One of the most serious threats is the massive amount of waste we put into the air, water, and ground every year. All across the world are thousands of places that have been, and continue to be, polluted by toxic waste, radioactive waste and just plain garbage. It is imperative that we are aware of all the things that we can do to help our environment by diminishing the amount of trash and garbage that we produce each year. One easy way of doing that is by a method called recycling. Many might not know the importance of recycling and what it can do to our environment. While recycling has become part of the daily routine for many people, the full importance of recycling is not always understood. In general, people do understand that recycling helps to minimize the drain on the limited resources of our planet. However, there are several other factors that make recycling important which will be discussed in this paper. Although recycling may seem like a modern concept introduced with the environmental movement of the 1970s, it's actually been around for thousands of years. Prior to the industrial age, you couldn't make goods quickly and cheaply, so virtually everyone practiced recycling in some form. However, large-scale recycling programs were very rare -- households predominantly practiced recycling. The mass production of the industrial age is, in many ways, the very reason we need to worry about large-scale recycling...
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...Poverty and Pollution Case Study Business 309 We are fortunate in that we live in one of the greatest and wealthiest countries in the world. Along with great economic wealth the United States (US) has developed over the years to become one of the leaders in environmental conservation as well as one of the foremost advocates for the fair and ethical treatment of all people around the world. Unfortunately this is not true for a large number of countries that do not have the Protection and safe guards in place to ensure that they are being protected from harsh environmental conditions and unfair treatment. Companies that operate in the US must adhere to strict regulations and guidelines on the emissions and waste that is a result of the manufacturing and processing goods. The concern for protection and preservation of the environment differs from wealthy and poor nations with richer nations concerned about the protection of endangered Species and preserving biological systems to poor nations not worried about it all. Poor and impoverished countries do not have these safeguards in place to ensure the Protection of the people or the environment. Companies can operate with little oversight allowing them to produce more at less cost. The true cost may never be known. The cost is the long term damage to not only the people, but the destruction of the environment. With a large portion of the population suffering...
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...Recycle plastic programs * The plastic pollution Plastic is one of the few new chemical materials which pose environmental problem. Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene is largely used in the manufacture of plastics. Synthetic polymers are easily molded into complex shapes, have high chemical resistance, and are more or less elastic. Some can be formed into fibers or thin transparent films. These properties have made them popular in many durable or disposable goods and for packaging materials. These materials have molecular weight ranging from several thousands to 1,50,000. Excessive molecular size seems to be mainly responsible for the resistance of these chemicals to biodegradation and their persistence in soil environment for a long time. Plastic in the environment is regarded to be more an aesthetic nuisance than a hazard, since the material is biologically quite inert. The plastic industry in the US alone is $ 50 billion per year and is obviously a tempting market for biotechnology goral enterprises. Biotechnological processes are being developed as an alternative to existing route or to get new biodegradable biopolymers . 20% of solid municipal wastes in US is plastic. Non-degradable plastics accumulate at the rate of 25 million tones per year. According to an estimate more than 100 million tones of plastic is produced every year all over the world. In India it is only 2 million tones. In India use of plastic is 2 kg per person per year while in European...
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...There should be a law in the United States that makes recycling mandatory in every state. By people not recycling has made a drastic change in the climate. Trees have been cut down and new resources are in a huge demand because of people not recycling. After the trees are cut down, fuel is needed to transport the trees and to make new paper. When the fuel is being used it gets burned and being released as a greenhouse in the environment. Sometimes, papers do not reach landfills and the papers that do not reach the landfills should be processed. Even if it does reach the landfills, it should remain there until the earth absorbs and processes it. Even though paper disintegrates faster than Styrofoam and plastic, instead of consuming new paper, just recycle the old one paper. Human waste is the reason landfills are so overcrowded. The paper that does not get recycled gets tossed into a landfill. The chemical that are used for ink for newspaper are putting the wildlife and the human residents that live near landfills at risk for obtaining cancer. Animals lose their homes when trees are cut down. Animals and people have to look for new homes because of not recycling. There is no protection after the land id opened and the damage is done. Purpose The question...
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...prefer to live in the suburbs so instead of focusing on fixing the inefficient homes, create a community of new homes that sets the standard for future developments. First, a location must be chosen. A problem with suburbs is that they are already well developed and the easiest way to find space is to move farther away from Downtown Cincinnati, but that only creates more inefficiencies with transportation and commuting costs. A result of all the development that predates the planned community is waste. The Cincinnati Metropolitan Area is home to just under 300,000 people, and their waste has to end up somewhere. For most, the waste goes to the Rumpke Sanitary Landfill, twenty miles north of the city. The Rumpke Sanitary Landfill, known as Mount Rumpke, is the highest point in the county and the largest landfill in the state. Mount Rumpke abides by all regulations and...
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...money on transport of waste as it no longer needs to be transported to landfills * Incinerations make more space as only 10% of the original waste remains after incineration. * A decrease in landfills would mean that disease harbouring pests such as rats could be reduced * Incineration could also be used as a source of energy which would help preserve the environments and resources * A 250 ton per day incinerator can produce 6.5 megawatts of electricity per day * Gases that are produced in the landfills are removed completely * The waste that is produced in the incineration are totally free of any environmental risk * Incineration plants are extremely expensive * Dioxins are produced in the treatment which could lead to cancer * Complete waste combustion requires 850º C for at least 2 seconds which is very expensive and also produces carbon emissions. * Flue gases are produced which are toxic. This is why chimneys are required to be at least 9 metres above other structures Method 2 – Land fill * The location could be easily monitored * Waste that is going to properly designed landfills can be processed to remove all recyclable and organic material before tipping * Properly managed landfills can capture gases produced by decomposing material and could reuse it as an energy source * Landfills and the surrounding areas are heavily polluted * Landfills can cause water, air, visual and noise pollution * Toxic chemicals...
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...Effects of Water Resources Neal Wolf SCI/275 08/09/2015 Dr. Bryan Taylor Video The video about protecting Americans from danger in drinking water was focused on the effects in the town of Hinkley, CA due to PG&E pollutants. The plant releases tons of Chromium 6 into the environment in Hinkley, CA. Hinkley is suffering because they do not have drinking water, nor do they have sustainable conditions for living due to the pollutants. The environmental issues presented in the video affect me directly because I live in California. The water is very limited due to our ongoing drought and contaminating clean drinking water only causes more issues. I do not live in Hinkley, CA so the issues of drinking water do not affect me directly in that sense. I think that there needs to be closer management over companies and their affects onto the environment. The diagram focuses on the sources of groundwater contamination. There are three areas that deal with groundwater contamination. The three areas of groundwater contamination are natural activities, direct pollution, and indirect pollution. The environmental issues discussed in the diagram affect me directly because pesticides, chemicals. and groundwater pollution are all issues in California. The issues in the diagram that do not affect me directly are the drinking water. The drinking water where I live is not the greatest, but I have my water run through two different filters to prevent any chances of contamination. Groundwater...
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...our paper wrappings, paper is still everywhere and most of them are ending up in our landfills creating a staggering amount of paper waste. There was a time when paper was a rare and precious commodity. Now it fills out planet. It was initially invented as a tool for communication, but today, paper is used more for packaging. To produce paper takes twice the energy used to produce a plastic bag. (Wikipedia: Environmental Impact of Paper) Have the things listed below ever crossed your mind? If not, let us share with you these interesting paper waste facts. We are so used to seeing products in their completed form that we seldom think of how they are made and what happens after we dispose of them. • Recycling 1 ton of paper saves around 682.5 gallons of oil, 26,500 liters of water and 17 trees. (www.id2.ca/downloads/eco-design-paper-facts.pdf) • 324 liters of water is used to make 1 kilogram of paper. (www.id2.ca/downloads/eco-design-paper-facts.pdf) • Lessening of paper waste usage was predicted due to the electronic revolution. It didn’t happen. Demand for paper is expected to double before 2030. (http://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/Paper-Waste-Facts) • 93% of paper comes from trees. (http://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/Paper-Waste-Facts) • 50% of the waste of businesses is composed of paper. (http://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/Paper-Waste-Facts) • Paper accounts for 25% of landfill waste and 33% of municipal waste. (http://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/Paper-Waste-Facts) ...
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...being in landfills, the largest one taking up 400 acres of land. Plastic and trash are being thrown away improperly into landfills and incinerators, making many disadvantages. These disadvantages are making waste disposal non-efficient as it isn’t cost effective, it’s hurting people and it’s hurting the environment. What’s preventing proper recycling is the economics. The economic incentive to recycle isn’t enough, making the value less than processing costs. This incentive runs how much we recycle correctly. Without the incentive, we are finding ways to throw things out in the cheapest ways possible which convert to landfills and incinerators (Szaky, 2016). Our motivation has...
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...amount of waste that will later need to be thrown away and also to make the resulting waste less toxic. Recycling is the recovery of useful materials, such as paper, glass, plastic, and metals, from the trash to use to make new products, reducing the amount of new raw materials needed. * Composting involves collecting organic waste, such as food scraps and yard trimmings, and storing it under conditions designed to help it break down naturally. This resulting compost can then be used as a natural fertilizer. For waste that requires disposal it is important that it is done in ways that protect human health and the environment. Landfills are engineered areas where waste is placed into the land. Landfills usually have liner systems and other safeguards to prevent polluting the groundwater. Combustion of MSW is done to reduce the amount of landfill space needed and to generate electricity Currently, in the United States, 34 percent is recovered and recycled or composted, about...
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