...Do languages help mould the way we think? If we all spoke the same language, would we think in the same way? Discuss the issue using examples, details, and your personal experie-nces of English and your native language. Answer: A Language is a special “tool” which helps humans communicate with each other and also, being unique in comparison with the other animals and species. Due to its specific properties, a language is the way humans can share their thoughts to each other. In other words, language is the door which leads to human’s soul and mind. Through thousands of years of existence, language has spread to every corner of the world with different sounds and forms even the phomenes, people in different areas use languages to describe and express their ideas differently. Due to this reason,a large number of psycologists agreed that “languages mould the way we think” and “if all mankind spoke the same language, we would think the same way”. I do not think that this is an entirely correct opinion. Language is the way humans communicate with each other and express their idea. It is controversial about how people think-by figures (image) or by concepts (words). It is clear that people brainstorm through imagination and ideas in their mind. Then they put them in a logical order and describe them via languages. Because humans express their thought via language so it is claimed that the way people think is related to languages. But the opinion that “languages help mould the way...
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...Language is a good tool for expressing the speaker’s feelings. But it differs from another one in innumerable ways, just because of the ways people talk, it does not necessarily mean they think differently. The way you speak says a lot about you. Language can help mould the way we think, but just in its own ways. Therefore, even we spoke the same language, we might not think in the same way. Language is an important tool of communication. People have changed thoughts day by day base on most crucial is language. Language is used to communicate in life, work and education. For example, when adults say something, child can do follow exactly because they don’t know which is good or bad. So we must use languages shape thoughts of child follow true ways to become useful people when child were young. Language is an important part to create personalities. Moreover, every single world’s language is used for the same purpose; to exchange some information. The aim of using language is unchanged in each culture, however the situation in which it is used and in what way, is the main difference. People from far cultures very often encounter a kin of obstacles during the process of communication, however this is not caused by language that is used. The problem is in the way it is done. Each culture has different customs, beliefs and habits and these are the factors that differentiate one’s process of thinking. Language and thought are closely related. It is true that one can think without...
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...Numbers 4 functions of management 19 10 managerial roles 21 8 attributes of performance excellence 49 5 ingredients of learning org 50 21st century manager 51 2 dimensions of environmental uncertainty 91 4 absolutes of management for total quality control 94 4 steps in control process 202 4 criteria of a good performance obj 207 A Administrators 17 Agenda setting 23 Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) 37 Administrative principles (Mary Parker) 37,38 Argyris’s theory of adult personality 43 Autonomy and entrepreneurship (att of perform excel) 49 Agile manufacturing 95 Absence of prejudice and discrimination (Mul org) 100 Afirmative action (Mana diver) 104 Action orientation (Plan benefits) 193 Advantage oriented (Plan benefits) 193 After-action review (controlling) 201 Asset management (info + finan control) 203 Area structures 252 Authority (dele + empower) 263 Accountability (dele + empower) 263 Authority and responsibility principle (dele + empower) 263 Advisory authority (org) 265 B Belief in human capital 13 Bureaucratic organization (Max Weber) 38 Bias toward action (att of perform excel) 49 Biculturalism 103 Benefits of planning 193 Budget 197 Benchmarking 199 Best practices 199 Benefit of MBO 207 Break-even analysis 209 Benefits of functional structures 250 Boundaryless organizations 258 C Corporate governance 9 Careers 9 Critical skills...
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...STORY OF LOVE “Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness”, “Love is like war, Easy to begin but hard to end” , that are a few definitions of love, the topic I want to write today. Happy that I have found my love, experience all emotions of love. When I was 18 years old and is a college freshman, I met a guy who was older than me. We had love at first sight and come together very quickly . Our relationship was never a terrible. He was a good guy, I was a good girl, and we really did love each other in first time. But time later, he started infidelity with the other girls, lie to me, don't care to me as much as before. Aching, my feeling at the time. I didn't feel safe when we're together, I was afraid, jealous, hateful to all the girls there.. Things became strained between us. I forgave him many times. But the problem was that there were just too many things about him that I wanted to change. And I began to realize that I could never change him and shouldn't have to do that. It was haunted me day and night, because I honestly couldn't imagine my life without him. And being alone make me afraid. After a period of tired , I knew I had to decide what I wanted my future to look like and start taking active steps towards attracting that future. And staying in my current relationship at the time was a major roadblock. Tired of asking, I found the answer himself. I knew in my heart that if I stayed where I was, life would always be a struggle...
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...For a long time, the question that whether language might mould the way of human thought or not was considered at a scientific angle. through a lot of experiments and researches which was done by the professional experts came from many aspects such as : philosophy , psychology , anthropology , linguist... and a lot of essential information was collected from all over the world included: China, Greece, Aboriginal Australia, Russia... In the end, the experts has found out some reliable evidences to answer this ancient question is whether people who speak different languages do indeed think differently or not and that even fundamentally change how we see the world. First of all, the research of Mrs. Boroditsky figured out that the simple observation that languages differ from one another. For example: “Wilson read the book of Robert Allen”, in English, in order to understand and speak in a right way the speaker has to concentrate on the verb “read”, therefore, in this case the speakers must pronounce something like “red” to emphasize this action happened in the past. In Russian people would have to alter the verb to indicate tense and gender. So if the subject was Blair who did the reading, the verb would be used somehow different from the verb which had the subject was Louis. In Russian the speakers also have to include in the verb information about completion. If Louis read only part of the book, then the verb should be used will have a different form than if Louis had diligently...
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...The Chinese Language Flagship Program culminates in a year abroad--a "Capstone year." As a language initiative that actively encourages learning through immersion, the Capstone year (in either Nanjing or Tianjin, China) is the final result of years of intensive Mandarin study and the last step to reaching the ILR 3, superior language proficiency. In addition to the general goals of proficiency, Flagship students are challenged by the transformative process of studying, living, and working in a foreign country. Frankly, the Capstone year often begins with a great deal of stress. A year abroad requires that participants - typically college seniors- accustomed to relying on support from parents and communities navigate through the challenges of a foreign country and culture. While most prospective participants have traveled abroad before, there is a tremendous difference between three months (the average length of a summer study program) and an entire year away from home. In just the first week, Flagship students are required to independently travel to China, locate their university campus, find an apartment, and choose courses--and this is only the first week. While these tasks may not seem...
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...Tiara Morgan Professor Stav General Psychology 9 October 2012 Chapter 7 Questions 1. The purpose of Intelligence test is to pick individuals who can form concepts, solve problems, acquire information, reason, and perform other intellectual operations. It also gives schools a guide to a student's potential weaknesses and strengths and to identify students or peers that either have learning disability or “gifted.” In my opinion, I believe Intelligence test is an achievement test that gives predications of school performance than any other measure that psychologists or educators now possess. Even though the predications are not precise, they are very helpful in different cases such as if a child made an IQ of 110 they are more likely to perform better in school than a child with an IQ of 75. But psychologists or educators can’t predict if a child with an IQ of 95 will do better than a child with an IQ of 85 so it is still helpful. So basically it is design to compare a student’s performance to another student’s performance. 2. The pros of an Intelligence test are that can provide a lot of information about a person’s personality characteristics and how they can adjust to stress and anxiety. Also, this test can identify students and peers who have mental retardation that may need extra assistance therefore leading them to a better quality of life. The results of the Intelligence test are very reliable and validated therefore it will leave you feeling like the results...
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...Different types of cultures also have different ways of how they communicate with one another. There are two different types of communication, verbal and nonverbal. Verbal communication focuses on how you use words and language. People who work together in groups communicate by using language. If they did not use language they would not be able to discuss what is happening and how they plan on getting their work done. Nonverbal communication uses messages other than words that generate meaning. Eye contact and the tone of your voice are just two examples of nonverbal communication. If someone talked to you in a tone of voice that did not change it would be hard to interpret the meaning of what they are saying to you. You can tell what kind of mood a person is in by the tone of their voice. There are differences in the way a man and a woman communicate. Women speak to people more tentatively. They tend to use qualifiers and tag questions when they talk. A qualifier is words such as maybe or perhaps. When they use these words it makes them seem like they are uncertain about what they are saying. Tag questions are questions that are connected to a statement. Women use a more corporative when speaking this helps people to respond easier. When men speak they use a language that is more assertive. They are less likely to express themselves like women do. Their speech is more forceful and direct. Men have a tendency to only listen to what they want to hear. When I listen to people I like...
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...any field of biological sciences, but preference is given to the general areas in which Francis Crick himself worked—uh, genetics, molecular biology, and neurobiology. And you’ll see that this, ah, evening’s speaker is imminently well-suited to talk to us. So, the Francis Crick lecturer, ah, for this year is Dr. Simon Fisher. Dr. Fisher is, ah, a Royal Society, ah, research fellow, um, so he’s, ah, a fellow of one of our flagship, ah, schemes for young scientists in the society, and he’s also reader in molecular and neuroscience in Oxford at the Welcomme Trust Centre for Human Genetics. Ah, he’s head there of the molecular neuroscience group. His laboratory carries out research into molecular mechanisms that underlie human speech and language. Simon is also, ah, the Isobel Laing Fellow at Oriel College in Oxford, where he teaches biochemistry and, ah, genetics to undergraduates, ah, studying medicine. So, lucky undergraduates to be getting it straight from the horse’s mouth. The Francis Crick Lecture was...
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...processing of the structure and the meaning of larger syntactic untis, i.e. phrases or sentences. The top-down reading skills were considered to be additive or compensatory after the bottom-up processing is achieved. Moreover, second-language learners are required to have a fluent recognition of words before acquiring text-processing skills. Together with word recognition fluency, morphophonemic structure of words and phrases, bottom-up processing has shifted the teaching method of reading to young and adult second-language learners. For young school-age and older leaners, teachers are required to begin with teaching visual appreance of words, sound letter relationships and development of word recognition fluency before developing top-down skills. However, the second-launguage learners must be familiar with the reading fundamentals before benefiting from the top-down instruction method. Reading and Vocabulary In the 1970s and 1980s, the teaching of vocabulary was secondary to the teaching of reading. At present, it is widely agreed that vocabulary knowledge is key importance to the teaching of reading. According to Hu and Nation (2010), a second-language learners needs to understand approximately 98% of words of the texts. A second-language learners are required to be familiar with about 5,000 word families which is defined as a base word with several related words and their inflected forms). In addition, the vocabulary range in university textbook are overlapping with general...
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...Please choose one of the following formats for your informative speech: • Present an activity, routine, or practice in a “how-to” instructional teaching lesson • Pick an everyday item and teach your audience “how-to” use it for a purpose it was not intended for Your informative speech should focus on the following: • Constructing creative ways to share information and communicate your credibility as a knowledgable speaker • Employing narrative (stories) and sensorial or image-rich language (metaphors etc.) • Presenting with enthusiasm and sharing your interest in this topic/process with us Your informative speech will be graded on the following criteria: • Practiced and improved delivery • Creative use of stories, vocals, images, gestures, body movement, props, and/or space • Turned in and typed speech outline (must be turned in on the day you speak) • Your ability to manage your time When planning your speech: • Tell a personal story, use humor, choose engaging language/imagery, statistics, quotes, or facts to motivate and create desire to listen • Visual aids are strongly encouraged; however, no Powerpoints will be allowed • Please practice your presentation so that you can make sure you are within the time limit allowed (not too long, not too short) Speech Tips: • Be organized—have a clear and...
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...In Other Words This book addresses the need for a systematic approach to the training of translators and provides an explicit syllabus which reflects some of the main intricacies involved in rendering a text from one language into another. It explores the relevance of some of the key areas of modern linguistic theory and illustrates how an understanding of these key areas can guide and inform at least some of the decisions that translators have to make. It draws on insights from current research in such areas as lexical studies, text linguistics and pragmatics to maintain a constant link between language, translation, and the social and cultural environment in which both language and translation operate. In Other Words examines various areas of language, ranging from the meaning of single words and expressions to grammatical categories and cultural contexts. Firmly grounded in modern linguistic theory, the book starts at a simple level and grows in complexity by widening its focus gradually. The author explains with clarity and precision the concepts and theoretical positions explored within each chapter and relates these to authentic examples of translated texts in a variety of languages, although a knowledge of English is all that is required to understand the examples presented. Each chapter ends with a series of practical exercises which provide the translator with an opportunity to test the relevance of the issues discussed. This combination of theoretical discussion and...
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...Chapter 3: Language and Communication er symbol 2. Words have Multiple Meanings---in two ways we can distinguish A. Denotative---a Literal meaning of a word that can be found in the dictionary. B Connotative---Subjective meaning of a word based on our attitudes and experiences. 3.Thought Informs Language---how does it do this? By a theory called cognitive language A specific system of symbols that we use to describe people, things abd situations in our mind. It is related to your thoughts, attitudes, co-culture and the society in which you live. 4. Language is Ruled by Grammar--- 2 Types of Rules: SYNTACTIC---These are rules that govern where words come in a sentence. Example----subject---verb---noun SEMANTIC---These are rules that govern the meaning of words and guidelines on how to interpret them. • If we didn’t agree on the meaning of words---communication would be impossible. Examples: Pin—pen are our Dear—deer Where---wear fly---insect fly (a plane) Right---write Back---back Pale---pale 5. Language is Bound by Context---These are the words that govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom. Example----would you jump up laughing or screaming while a church service is in progress? Would you tell someone you want to see others or take a break from the relationship on an amusement park ride? 5 FUNCTIONS...
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...My aim here is to present three of the recommendations made in The Languages Review Final Report , presented in 2008. In doing so I acknowledge that many of the recommendations may have in fact already been actioned, however I will be presenting the report's recommendations as if they are still contemporary and relevant. 1) The first recommendation I would like to advance is from section 3.10 on Transition Coordination. The the proposal of the Training and Development Agency to develop an ages 9-14 training course I suggest would be greatly beneficial in facilitating the transition from Key stage 2 to key stage 3. The important need to do so is of course to harness the evident success of the introduction of MFLs at primary level in order to arrest their decline in uptake for GCSEs. Such a training course is essential to promote the smooth transition from Junior to secondary level by enabling teachers to coordinate activities between feeder schools and the secondary school. Questions about which languages are taught at the schools and be posed and how these can be accommodated. It will be possible to look at whether teaching staff and materials can be shared. And ideas can be discussed such as the possible introduction of a language passport for each student, so that each teacher can easily identify the current linguistic skill levels and of a student, which languages are have been learnt or are already spoken and the be better able to tailor lessons to individual needs. As stated...
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...answer: How did we get from animal vocalization (barks, howls, calls...) to human language? 2. Animals often make use of signs, which point to what they represent, but they don’t use symbols, which are arbitrary and conventional. Examples of signs include sniffles as a sign of an on-coming cold, clouds as a sign of rain, or a scent as a sign of territory. Symbols include things like the words we use. Dog, Hund, chien, cane, perro -- these are symbols that refer to the creature so named, yet each one contains nothing in it that in anyway indicates that creature. 3. In addition, language is a system of symbols, with several levels of organization, at least phonetics (the sounds), syntax (the grammar), and semantics (the meanings). 4. So when did language begin? At the very beginnings of the genus Homo, perhaps 4 or 5 million years ago? Before that? Or with the advent of modern man, Cro-magnon, some 125,000 years ago? Did the neanderthal speak? We don’t know. 5. There are many theories about the origins of language. Many of these have traditional amusing names (invented by Max Müller and George Romanes a century ago), and I will create a couple more where needed. 6. 1. The mama theory. Language began with the easiest syllables attached to the most significant objects. 7. 2. The ta-ta theory. Sir Richard Paget, influenced by Darwin, believed that body movement preceded language. Language began as an unconscious vocal imitation of these movements -- like the way a child’s...
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