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...Guidelines for Effective Communication Guidelines for Effective Communication Effective communication is a part and parcel of any successful organization. A communication should be free from barriers so as to be effective. Communication is a two way process where the message sent by the sender should be interpreted in the same terms by the recipient. The characteristics of effective communication are as follows : Clarity of Purpose: The message to be delivered must be clear in the mind of sender. The person to whom it is targeted and the aim of the message should be clear in the mind of the sender. Completeness: The message delivered should not be incomplete. It should be supported by facts and observations. It should be well planned and organized. No assumptions should be made by the receiver. Conciseness: The message should be concise. It should not include any unnecessary details. It should be short and complete. Feedback: Whether the message sent by the sender is understood in same terms by the receiver or not can be judged by the feedback received. The feedback should be timely and in personal. It should be specific rather than general. Empathy: Empathy with the listeners is essential for effective verbal communication. The speaker should step into the shoes of the listener and be sensitive to their needs and emotions. This way he can understand things from their perspective and make communication more effective. Modify the message according to the...
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...3 Case study on Plastics : PET Bottle Life Cycle of Plastics Crude Oil Polymer Product Use Waste Recovery Polymer Product Use Overview of PET bottle recycling Containers and Packaging Recycling Law Specified business entities Fiber Industry (wash, crash, melt, spin) Bottle Industry Obligation to recycle Local governments (deporimerization) Consumers Selective collection and storage Selective discarding Players Producers n n n n Plant designers Product designers Energy suppliers Related industrial sectors Consumers Municipal and governmental authorities Waste treatment agencies Role of KIH ‘configuration engine’ To inform players of their role in life cycle as a stakeholder To accumulate knowledge/information of life cycle from information suppliers To interpret massive life cycle data with transparency for rational decision making 1. 2. 3. Overview of PET bottle recycling Containers and Packaging Recycling Law Specified business entities Fiber Industry (wash, crash, melt, spin) Bottle Industry Obligation to recycle Local governments (deporimerization) Consumers Selective collection and storage Selective discarding Objective of this case study To develop a ‘configuration engine’, which takes LCA as an environmental metric concurrently with an economic metric, for chemical process designer, To clarify steps, tools and information in a form of business-model. To show actual design...
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...Nowadays, more modern technologies have been used in entertainment, which may lead to the decrease of human creative power. Do you agree or disagree? With more advanced technologies applied widely in our entertainment, some people are quite worried about the possibility that human creative power will be hampered and we tent to be less innovative compared with that in the past. As for me, however, it is somewhat exaggerated. The wide technological applications have aroused great interests in modern technology, thereby boosting strong passion for science. In the past, lack of modern techniques, entertainment seemed rather monotonous, and people usually resorted to exercise in the open air to relax. At present, however, relaxation has been rendered more comfortable and convenient, such as playing on-line games, and singing Karaoke, both diversifying people’s after-work time. Meanwhile, people marvel at this dramatic changes, and focus more on miraculous human wisdom, which partly accounts for an increasing number of youngsters choosing science and engineering as their majors. Moreover, modern people have gained easy access to recreational activities owing to technological strides. Computers or mobile phones can realize the dream of entertainment whenever and wherever we are. For example, electronic games, mp3 players, and e-books all help relax us after arduous work, so we can be more motivated the next day. By contrast, if we are under constant pressure without any interesting...
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...Good morning/afternoon, my fellow classmates. Before moving on to my topic, let me ask you a few questions first. Have you ever felt so difficult to wake up in the morning? Have you ever been late to school? How many times have you been late to school? I think all of you must have been facing those situations. So, how would you deal with them? Would it be better if schools started later in the morning? According to a University of Minnesota study, later school starting time improve both students’ grades and overall health. As a result, schools should start later in the morning. Later school starting time means more sleeping time to children. Now, I am going to tell you how would our body be benefited in mental health and physical health when...
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...Sooner or Later On January 1, 2006, Sooner or Later Inc. granted its employees 1,000 “at the money” employee stock options, which will vest only when cumulative revenue in the next three-year reporting period exceeds $10 million and the employees are still employed by the company. As of the grant date, management believes that it is probable that the company's cumulative revenue over the next three-year period will be greater than $10 million. The grant-date fair value for each award is $9, though the company's valuation professionals have indicated that the grant-date fair value would be $6 if the fair value assessment includes the revenue target. Sooner or Later Inc. adopted ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation in 2005, and it did achieve cumulative revenue in excess of $10 million over the next three years. The first problem in the case inquires whether Sooner or Later Inc. should use the $6 grant-date fair value or the $9 grant-date fair value to measure its compensation cost. The answer is Sooner or Later Inc. should use the $9 grant-date fair value. According to ASC 718-10-30-27, the grant-date fair value should not incorporate performance or service conditions that affect vesting because those conditions are restrictions that come from the forfeitability of instruments to which employees have not yet earned the right to benefit from the instruments. Sooner or Later Inc.'s restriction that employee stock options will vest only when cumulative revenue surpasses...
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...Should Sooner or Later use the $6 grant-date fair value or the $9 grant-date fair value to measure its compensation cost? Codification 718-10-30-6 states the measurement objective for equity instruments awarded to employees is to estimate the fair value at the grant date of the equity instruments that the entity is obligated to issue when employees have rendered the requisite service and satisfied any other conditions necessary to earn the right to benefit from the instruments (for example the exercise share options). That estimates is based on the share price and other pertinent factors, such as expected volatility, at the grant date. In this case Sooner or Later is issuing stock options to employees in order to align their compensation with the performance of the company. However these options can only be vested if revenue for the company is greater than $10 million over a three year period and employees are still employed with the company. The debate is whether Sooner or Later should grant the stock at $9 which is the current grant date fair value or grant the stock at $6 which the fair value taking into consideration the revenue target. According to Codification 718-10-30-6 Sooner or Later should grant the stock at $9 because this is the fair value at the grant date not at some future grant date when conditions have been met. However, Codification 718-10-30-15 Market, performance, and service conditions (or any combination thereof) may affect an award’s exercise...
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...Don't you hate waking up early in the morning? Almost every weekday, high school students are waking up around six o'clock in the morning to get ready for school, some even earlier. It's not practical for high school classes to start at 7:44. It's just too early for teenage minds to function properly. Our school should start at least an hour later than that. With the extra hour, our attendance would improve, as well as our grades and attitudes. The facts are all there, so why shouldn't the hours change? For the 1997-1998 school year, the University of Minnesota conducted a study on Minneapolis high schools. Their starting times were changed from 7:15 to 8:40. The results of this change were obvious. Teachers reported that students were more alert during the first two periods of the day and that attendance improved by five percent. After such a revealing study, why aren't more schools catching on? It's a proven fact that teenagers need between 8 ½ and nine hours of sleep each night. It's also a proven fact that only fifteen percent of teenagers get the sleep that they need. Can you believe that more than twenty-five percent of teenagers sleep less than seven hours a night? Are you one of those teenagers? Well, part of the reason why this is happening is because school starts so early in the morning. If school hours were changed, teenagers would be much healthier and feel better about themselves. Furthermore, school officials are always complaining that so many of their students...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report Christina Burgess BSHS/325 August 30, 2015 Laura Cobb Later Adulthood Development Report “As of 2005, there were about 37 million Americans age 65 and over. By 2030, the number is projected to be 72 million- a 100 percent increase in 25 years, compared to a 30 percent growth in total population during the same period” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 643). During later adulthood, marks a new era in living life to its fullest. Many older adults tend be happier than ever during this phase in their life. Even though later adulthood have more health issues as they age, it is a time in a person’s life to reflect upon the life they have lived because of the use of retirement, transitioning from work to retirement, and the social policies to protect them. When an individual enters later adulthood, they then begin to go through different changes in their role and their social position in our society. In many other parts of the world, transitioning into later adulthood is a sign of wisdom and a mark of status. However, later adulthood is stereotyped into being "an awful life stage that is erroneous, and sadly is a factor in older adults' being treated as "second-class citizens" by some people who are younger" (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 588). Moreover, many older adults are very healthy and remain to have an active lifestyle while many still think, feel and act as if they were still in their 50’s. Society tends to respect later...
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...Sooner or Later should use the $9 grant-date fair value to measure the compensation cost. One of the necessary requirements for the employee stock options to vest would be if the cumulative revenue over the following three-year period is greater than $10 million. If the revenue target was factored into the fair value assessment, the grant-date fair value would be $6. Per FASB ASC 718-10-30-27: Performance or service conditions that affect vesting are not reflected in estimating the fair value of an award at the grant date because those conditions are restrictions that stem from the forfeitability of instruments to which employees have not yet earned the right. However, the effect of a market condition is reflected in estimating the fair value of an award at the grant date (see paragraph 718-10-30-14). For purposes of this Topic, a market condition is not considered to be a vesting condition, and an award is not deemed to be forfeited solely because a market condition is not satisfied. Additionally, according to FASB ASC 718-10-55-64: Performance or service conditions that only affect vesting are excluded from the estimate of grant-date fair value, but all other performance or service conditions that affect an award’s fair value are included in the estimate of grant-date fair value. Sooner or Later’s employees have not yet met all service requirements associated with the stock compensation. As such, per the codification, the service conditions (the revenue...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report Later adulthood is the time after age 65 or the last segment of life. This doesn’t mean life ends, rather it’s a new beginning or a new chapter of your life. This is such a diverse age range. It can span over 30 years. Many things change during this stage in age. We are transitioning into retirement or partial retirement for the more adventurous ones. Our living arrangements may change and there are many relationship changes during this stage of life too. Changes and lots of them As we transition into later adulthood many things change. We are retiring, going to retire or partially retire in the next few years. Retiring brings on a lot of changes social settings and role changes. We go from being important in the work force to an elder. We seem to lose our identity when we retire. This alone can be too much for us to handle and may need a little extra time adjusting into our new role or we may even need a little help adjusting. We have spent so many years working and allowing that to define who we are as a person that we may feel a loss or even feel lost or unimportant anymore. If there is a partial retirement, maybe we take on a less meaningful job, or we are handing over our job to someone else that is slowly taking over, again we feel as though we are losing apart of ourselves. There are so many adjustments that will need to be made when you retire, you will have so much more time on your hands, what will you do with all this extra time...
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...Later Adulthood Report Later adulthood is the onset of many who become 50, and older who experience life changes when it comes to social, financial, and mental health. In today’s society people who are 65 and older make up more than 15 percent of the population in America today(Himes, 2001). Their place in society also faces a change, and is considered a fast growing group in today’s society. Among the changes comes their incapability to care for themselves, finance, housing, and retirement. Social change happens when people in this age group are faced difficulties to the lifestyle changes that take place. There are some who lose their partners, and become despondent, the loss of friends, and becoming isolated from others. Most times that older adults become less independent they have to live with other family members, and this can cause them to be less likely to interact with others. This causes change in daily routines, and also causes them to feel a burden on family members. These changes can also make for a transition into other types of living conditions. Most people in this stage of their lives elect to live in places where their independence is intact. They choose to live in assisted living facilities, nursing homes, or retirement homes so that they can maintain some sort of independence. Health care is also an issue, because some are in need of care that requires them to have home nursing services. These can be achieved by living in a place where health care can...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report BSHS/325 Late Adulthood starting at 65+ begins to enter different stages of their lives. Aging involves biophysical changes and challenges, senescence and health issues, Pharmaceutical interventions, and closer monitoring of health and wellness. As an individual age they begin to experience Wisdom: Ego vs. Despair, This stage marks a considerable reduction in productivity and is when a person enters the retirement phase. During this stage, adults tend to look back upon their lives to figure whether they have led a successful life. If so, a feeling of contentment and what Erikson called Integrity vs. Prevails on the adult. This reflection; if not positive, leads to a state of despair where nothing can be done to turn back time and change. This stage and reflection can also be marked by regrets if the aging adult is left to feel unaccomplished. A prominent aspect of this stage is also the fear of death, which contributes to the hopelessness that becomes apparent at this stage. An adult's values at this stage are set and firm nothing can alter or change the thought process or the perception with which she/he now views the world. Late adulthood can be marked by menopause and osteoporosis, a reduction in bone density, grey hair, less skin elasticity, and a loss of muscle mass resulting in an increase of body fat. Cognitively, during late adulthood verbal skills such as vocabulary and broad-spectrum knowledge are still intact. However, memory...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report Adults that are faced with the transition between adulthood and later adulthood, reaching their “golden years”, are faced with social, physical and mental changes. These changes affect them in every area of their lives. Moving from adult to the category of “senior citizen”, can be a difficult transition for many people. The age of 65 has usually been cited as the dividing line between middle age and old age (Santrock, 2008). It is during this crucial age that people will begin to experience life changes, it is important to note that there are resources, tools that can be used to make this transition easier for both the client and the family. There is a very permanent stereotype that assumes that because a person is reaching older age, they are in both physical and metal decline. This is not necessarily true, as there are people that can live independently well into later adulthood, without ongoing medical care or supervision. Older adults will be subject to discrimination by others, especially in the workforce, they are deemed to be slower and with dwindling critical thinking capabilities, this stereotype perpetuates discrimination in the workforce. Aging adults can also fall victim to increased levels of crime. Others may take advantage of them, as they, along with children, are some of the most vulnerable in our community. There is another set of aging adults who are under difficult circumstance and do need extra help and assistance in...
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...But, what is the “Good Life”? Is it not having any problems or anything to worry about? Is it a house with a picket fence and a family? Is it getting that dream car completely for free with no strings attached? Horror films have proven to have several way of answering this question while simultaneously showing the viewer how it could lead to and from a bad experience. Between the two films, “The Ruins” and “28 Days later”, they show exactly how these weird scenarios would occur. In the film, “The Ruins”, two couples go on a vacation to experience what they would call the “Good Life”. They take a break from their everyday lives to experience this, but end up losing their own lives. One they feel they have reached their ultimate destination of lost ruins; they realize they are in a death trap. Horror is what they get by watching their loved ones and friends die before their eyes. Horror proved that the “Good Life” could be your worst nightmare. Perception made all the difference in this instance, which is exactly what occurs in the film, “28 Days Later”. “28 Days Later”, is a film that shows the contrary to the last situation. It starts out as a complete and utter nightmare. The characters find themselves isolated and in an area where it is plagued by a horrifying virus. The virus only leads to death. There is slim ray of light in this bad situation; they hear word (through a radio broadcast) that they could be on their way to the new “Good Life”. Once they reach their destination...
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