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El Papel y la Función del Derecho y la Sociedad
University of Phoenix
LAW/421 Contemporary Business Law

El Papel y la Función del Derecho en los negocios y la sociedad
El papel y la función de la ley es mantener a los sistemas de leyes funcionando sin ningún tipo de problemas, pues de lo contrario los sistema se podrían ver afectado e involucrado en estilos de círculo vicioso del cual pocas veces se encuentran solución. El papel y la función de la ley les permite a la persona jurídica y laicos contar con directrices especificas a seguir y estas se deben llevar en una manera ordenada y ética.
Es evidente que las empresas tienen la obligación de informar a sus clientes acerca de los ingredientes de su producto y peligros. Mirando el caso de Rose Cipollone vemos que era un fumador empedernido. Su médico ha tenido que remover parte de su pulmón canceroso derecho y le informó de que tenía que dejar de fumar. Desafortunadamente, ella era adicta. Su médico le ha quitado el resto de su pulmón ese año y finalmente dejar de fumar. En la lectura del caso citado, el Cipollone vs Liggett, es un gran ejemplo de análisis. Cipollone demandó Liggett porque pensaba que era irresponsable por parte de Liggett la falta de ética en la publicidad de una sustancia mortal que acabó matando a su madre. El Tribunal estuvo de acuerdo en lugar de defender la ley federal que se caen antes todas las acusaciones de faltas cometidas por la empresa tabacalera, en referencia a la publicidad, etc. Al principio, no parece justo que las empresas tabacaleras no sean responsables de esas muertes, pero una cosa acerca de las leyes y la libertad es que los individuos puedan tomar decisiones, incluso que esta puedan llevarlos a la muerte por la elección de consumir. El papel y las funciones de la ley se ve claramente en este juicio, al desalentar lo que en muchos casos son demandas frívolas. Las leyes también suministrar las normas éticas y las expectativas, mientras que el establecimiento de normas de conducta, las medidas para hacer cumplir esas reglas, y un medio para la solución de controversias. Entre las funciones de la ley incluyen mantenimiento de la paz, comprobando el poder del gobierno y la promoción de la libertad personal. Con la planificación de las expectativas razonables, promover el crecimiento económico a través de la libre competencia, la promoción de la justicia social y la protección del medio ambiente. Es importante tener en cuenta que sin leyes que rigen las acciones de las personas y las empresas, la sociedad no podría funcionar de manera efectiva y la probabilidad de que la empresas se venga abajo por la falta de directrices por el bien común. Las funciones generales de la ley parece ser simple. El sistema legal de los Estados Unidos es muy complicado. Las leyes se dividen en tipos. Estos incluyen: * Constituciones - la ley dominante, ya que establece los principios fundamentales de un gobierno, tanto a nivel estatal como federal. La creación de los poderes del Estado, otorgando, y se niega determinadas competencias en cada rama, y la prevención de otras unidades gubernamentales pasen ciertas leyes, especialmente las que impiden los derechos de una persona. * Estatutos - leyes promulgadas por los representantes electos de la rama legislativa del gobierno. * La ley común - se basa en decisiones judiciales anteriores. Estas leyes se aplican cuando los casos no son resueltos.
Otro caso el cual fue un frívolo es el McDonald por el café caliente, en este caso hubo una gran cantidad de publicidad esta al ser una masiva afecta el caso directamente. En realidad los casos de este tipo en su mayoría tienen resultados extravagantes, sin embargo, es importante entender que Café McDonald’s no sólo era caliente, sino uno escaldado y capaz de la destruir casi instantánea la piel, la carne y el músculo. Esto fue lo que le paso a la Sra. Liebeck, de Nuevo México en febrero del 1992 la cual fue severamente quemada por el café de McDonald’s esta de 79 años solo pidio un café por el serví-carro, en su intento de quitar la tapa para añadirle la crema a esta se le derramo el café el cual no tenia ninguna advertencia de que estaba extremadamente calientes por consecuencia de eso termino en un hospital con quemaduras de tercer grado, no solo eso sino que su vestimenta que absorbió el café a tal grado que grado que quemo más de 6 por ciento de su cuerpo, incluyendo el interior de sus muslos, el perineo, nalgas, genitales y la ingles. Liebeck, en su esfuerzo de resolver su la situación le hizo una reclamación de 20.000 dólares, pero se negó McDonald’s.
La empresa hizo varias investigaciones sobre el procedimiento de hacer el café y el porque este era tan caliente y descubrieron que basado en su sugerencia de expertos en la materia del café este debe mantener un promedio de calor entre 180 y 190 grados Fahrenheit de manera que tenga un sabor óptimo olvidando las implicaciones de seguridad que esta podía causar a sus consumidores. Los experto de los demandantes y un erudito en la termodinámica aplicadas a las quemaduras de la piel humana, testificó que los líquidos, a 180 grados, provocará quemaduras de espesor total de la piel humana en dos a siete segundos, y que si la temperatura fuera de 155 grados las extensiones de las quemaduras disminuirían de manera espontánea.
Sin saber que su éxito / fracaso, hace que sea imposible saber cómo esta solución es viable y si puede ser previamente vaciada por los tribunales. Las empresas tiene la obligación de advertir a sus consumidores en forma clara y que esta este a accesible a sus consumidores es una forma legitima y de esta forma se evitarían malos entendidos y protegerían a sus clientes. Sin embargo mas allá de duda razonable la compañía de McDonald’s, conocía de accidente previos de otros clientes que quizás por motivos que desconocemos no continuaron la diligencia de proceder en los tribunales, pues como antes mencionado ya McDonald’s había negado su responsabilidad sobre la situación.
“The actual facts about the McDonald coffee case (1995,1996) en cuando a la insensibilidad de Mc Donald el jurado otorgó Liebeck 200.000 dólares en compensación por daños. Esta cifra se redujo a 160.000 dólares debido a que el jurado encontró Liebeck 20 por ciento la culpa en el derrame. El jurado también otorgó Liebeck $ 2,7 millones en daños disciplinarios, lo que equivale a unos dos días de las ventas de café de McDonald’s”. En realidad podemos encontrarnos con muchas personas de diferentes estatus sociales donde en su mayoría estas personas, no le importa estar involucrados en situaciones que pueden de una manera u otra sean perjudiciales para ellos por razones frívolas pero muchas veces es necesario. Es aquí donde entran en juego las leyes para asegurar que todos tengan la oportunidad de contar su versión de los hechos y resolver problemas que de otra manera serían ignorados e incluso ponerse en situaciones peores. En conclusión, el papel de la ley en nuestros negocios y en la sociedad es una de cohesión y la buena voluntad, sino también para crear un ambiente de orden y expectativas realistas. Sin ellos, los ciudadanos y las empresas simplemente actuar de manera ilegal porque no hay expectativas de comportarse éticamente y sin consecuencias para el inclinado penalmente. La gente como Madoff y Charles Manson podría estar deambulando las calles totalmente sin tener en cuenta el respeto por el dinero de otras personas o para la vida de los demás, dejando el camino libre para continuar con su propio sistema de creencias, su propio sistema de justicia. Y aunque no todas las leyes son perfectas, tienen la intención de hacer de nuestras empresas y la sociedad más responsable de sus actos.

Referencia
Melvin. Sp (2011). The legal enviroment of business: A managerial approach:Theory to practice. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill/Irvin
The actual facts about the McDonalds coffee case. (1995,1996). ‘Lectric law library stacks, (),. Retrieved from http://www.lectlaw.com

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