...A Critic on the Article: “Delegation as a Leadership Style” Tips for Effective Delegation By: Susan M. Heathfield This article gives us an insight as to what managers do in an organization as their style of leadership. For the discussion of this article, let us first have a review on what a manager does or what the managerial functions. Basically, a manager plans, organizes, directs and controls. The functions of management uniquely describe manager’s jobs. The most commonly cited functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, although some identify additional functions. The functions of management define the process of management as distinct from accounting, finance, marketing, and other business functions. According to Henri Fayol, the first person to identify elements or functions of management in his classic 1916 book ”Administration Industrielle et Generale.” Fayol defined five functions, or elements of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Fayol argued that these functions were universal, in the sense that all managers performed them in the course of their jobs, whether the managers worked in business, military, government, religious, or philanthropic undertakings. Fayol defined planning in terms of forecasting future conditions, setting objectives, and developing means to attain objectives. He recognized that effective planning must also take into account unexpected contingencies that might arise...
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...Leadership is the foundation of an organization, be it private, governmental or public. It is a top down process. It is a big responsibility upon which an organization is based on. More than 400 definitions of leadership exist in the literature, (King & Cunningham, 1995), and numerous frameworks have been developed for understanding leadership styles and approaches, (Merson, 2011). There are different leadership attributes, some good and some bad. Good leadership attributes are not inherited but developed through self-discipline and through time and pressure. They are the result of instruction, commitment and deep concern for what is right for the benefit of others. They are modelled on a daily basis, tested and proven in times of trial and...
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...Running Head: Developing cross cultural capability Developing cross cultural capability [Name of the student] [Name of the institute] Developing cross cultural capability Introduction In the field of research, the challenge of international cooperation increasingly intense led in 1993 to further reflection on the concepts of intercultural management. With the work of Hofstede (1980) and Ouchi (1981), comparative research on management has been very stimulating. Then this research have specialized on topics such as intercultural management or Eurocentric. The axis emerges clearly in the Europe of the Common Market; it is learning to cope with unique challenges issued to management. Once the recognized need, the way chosen to advance in this area, is the course of this study: we sought to describe the practices, including their advantages and disadvantages, using existing typologies willingly. In this case the eye is focused on large tourism companies, but is not always clearly stated. In these large tourism companies, one can discern various articulations of intercultural management. Schreyögg, for example, distinguishes between corporate cultures and global polycentric (1991). Polycentric, are those which, in different countries, come in different forms, thus focusing on "indigenous constructs", those that are global, over national borders, are a unique brand image with a single form articulation, thus settling on "indigenous constructs"...
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...1Care Delivery: Delegation Introduction The topic I have chosen to discuss in this essay is delegation, as from my experience this is one of the most complex nursing skills to develop, this claim is supported by literature (Weydt: 2010) Delegation is a suitable topic to discuss as it is a necessity for any nurse to be able to delegate effectively, especially in recent times in which nurses are stretched to their limits due to an increase in patient numbers and current government NHS cuts. The NHS is supposed to be protected from the public sector cuts, but new research shows that more than 50,000 jobs are disappearing from the NHS (Ramesh: 2011) Delegation has particular relevance to me as a third year student because knowing when, how and to whom you can delegate requires a complex understanding of the task in hand, the process of delegation, and the skills and existing workloads of the people available. It is especially important to achieve the right balance as a third year student, as delegating too much may result in a loss of control, while failing to delegate or not delegating enough can lead to duties not being completed. I will begin by discussing areas of delegation such as responsibility, accountability and authority. I will then move on to discuss aspects and principles of best practice. I will then continue to focus on managerial and organisational aspects relating to delegation, I will discuss these aspects using examples from practice. Delegation may be difficult...
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...Application of Benner’s theory to problem of delegation Introduction A frequent problem at work is that registered nurse's (RNs) are often reluctant to delegate tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Many patients at the hospital suffer from strokes, spinal injuries, brain tumors, dementia/Alzhiemer’s disease, or other devastating illnesses/injuries. Also, large hospitals and hospitals in urban areas tend to have numerous patients at the hospitals at any given time. Every day hospital units are quite busy and nurses are required to turn, feed, constantly observe for patient safety, bathe, and assist with elimination. RNs need to delegate the tasks or responsibilities to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) or other healthcare professionals....
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...Manage and Lead People and Activities within the office environment Contents 1 Terms of reference 2 3 Findings 4 3.1 Levels of decision making 4 3.1.1 Strategic 4 3.1.2 Operational 4 3.2 Role of the office manager 4 3.3 Financial planning and budgetary control 6 3.3.1 The purpose of financial planning and budgetary control 6 3.4 Effective delegation 7 3.4.1 What is delegation 7 3.4.2 The delegation process 7 3.4.3 Benefits of effective delegation. 7 3.4.4 Barriers to effective delegation 7 3.5 Leadership models 8 3.5.1 Authoritarian model 8 3.5.2 Democratic model 8 4 Conclusion 9 1 Terms of reference As office manager I have been asked to evaluate the complexity of strategic and operational levels of decision. I will then analyse the role of the office supervisor in the operational planning process. I will then describe the process of financial planning and budgetary control in managing and leading within the office environment. I will then explain the delegation process as well as two benefits and two barriers to achieving effective delegation. I will also evaluate two leadership models adopted by the Office Manager and determine their effectiveness in relation to employee motivation, operational goals, and organisational efficiency. 3 Findings 3.1 Levels of decision making 3.1.1 Strategic Strategic decisions are long term, outward focused decisions that are made at high levels in an organisation. They are long-term overall...
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...These changes have subsequently led to the emergence need of registered nurses having to work with personnel who will assist them in their work. Delegation of tasks is important so that the nurse can have more time to critically reason, plan and coordinate healthcare given to patients. The act of delegating is attributed to the fact that, as a registered nurse, one has greater knowledge and critical reasoning ability than the assistive personnel. As a result, the RN has the responsibility of delegating, assigning and supervising the assistive personnel. According to the NCBSN and the ANA, appropriate delegation of tasks can result in effective and safe nursing care (NCSBN & ANA, 2006). In the case study given, the recently graduated registered nurse (RN) is new in the field, thus does not have enough experience with regard to attending to six patients during the morning shift. Six patients are too many for the new RN thus, need for the UHCW. Delegation of duties as stated earlier on should be done so that the registered nurse gets enough time to complete tasks that require his or her specialized attention and knowledge. The reason why the RN has delegated the UHCW to assess the patients’ vital signs is so that he or she can do the final touches with regard to personal hygiene care. This reason is not professional enough in that the RN can use the help of the UHCW in completing the personal hygiene care process. The UHCW can gather up the dressing the used up dressing materials...
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...Introduction • Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to another person to carry out specific activities. • The person who delegated the work remains accountable for the outcome of the delegated work. • Delegation provides a means for increasing productivities. • Delegation empowers a subordinate to make decisions. Definitions • Delegate- “to entrust to another; to appoint as one’s representative; to assign responsibility or authority”. • Delegation- “the act of empowering to act for another”. • "Delegation is defined as the transfer of responsibility for the performance of a task from one person to another" • "Transferring to a competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected nursing situation . The nurse retains accountability for delegation" • "The transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity from individual to another while retaining accountability for the outcome". (American Nurses Association) • Delegation is appointing a person to act on one's behalf 5 Rights to delegation (NCSBN) NCSBN in US presents 5 rights to delegation from the perspectives of both nursing service administrator and staff nurse. 1. Right task 2. Right circumstance 3. Right person 4. Right direction/communication 5. Right supervision/evaluation Delegation Process 1. Define the task 2. Decide on the delegate 3. Determine the task 4. Reach an agreement 5. Monitor performance and 6. provide...
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...requirements are based on acuity levels and optimum staffing models, and nursing leadership and management as areas I would address as a nurse manager. As a registered nurse you are responsible for the supervision of unlicensed direct care staff in the performance of nursing tasks and activities. It is the responsibility of the nurse manager and the company to ensure that all staff is adequately trained regarding the elements of supervision and delegation of duties. As a nurse manager address the following will help improve quality of care for patients. The initial training of the task or activity, and periodic inspection of the actual act of accomplishing the task or activity are important for proper patient care. The amount and type of nursing supervision required will be determined by the registered nurse responsible for supervising the task or activity, and will depend upon the complexity of the task, the skill, experience and training of the staff, and the health conditions and health status of the patient (Potter & Kuhrik, 2010). The purpose of delegation is to gain work efficiency, which can only be achieved when registered nurses and patient care technicians work together in partnership to manage the changing priorities of care within a patient care assignment (Potter & Kuhrik, 2010). Delegation is not only key for the registered nurse it is key for the nurse manager. Delegation is the link that joins organizational concepts with the management process. It is...
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...M1 – Synthesis Essay #1 Delegation Versus Empowerment In today’s business world what makes empowerment differ from delegation? By definition empowerment means to give power or authority to; authorize, especially by legal or official means: “I empowered my agent to make the deal for me”. “The local ordinance empowers the board of health to close unsanitary restaurants”. “Wealth empowered him to live a comfortable life”. While delegation is defined as the assignment of responsibility or authority to another person (normally from a manager to a subordinate) to carry out specific activities. It is one of the core concepts of management leadership. However, the person who delegated the work remains accountable for the outcome of the finished product. Delegation empowers a subordinate to make decisions, this in turn, is a shift of decision-making authority from one organizational level to a lower one. The opposite of effective delegation is micromanagement, there this where a manager provides too much input, direction, and review of delegated work. In general, delegation is beneficial and can save money and time, help in building skills, and motivate people. Poor delegation, on the other hand, might cause frustration and confusion to all the involved parties. Some agents however do not favor a delegation and consider the power of making a decision rather burdensome. Empowerment on the other hand allows for the subordinate in some cases identify the concern and address the concern...
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...project in order for the project to succeed someone must step up and be a leader. Someone must delegate the responsibilities that each person in the group will need to complete. If this is not completed the project may have no direction and will fail. The most effective leaders must understand their audience and determine their leadership styles. Some employees need more development then others, while some employees are able to work with no assistance or guidance. In order for one to be an effective leader one must have the appropriate leadership style. Sir Richard Branson (Branson) accurately discusses his leadership styles in his case study “Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd”. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the leadership stylings of Branson and the effectiveness of that style in United States today. How using different leadership stylings could make Branson a more effective leader. Also, how Branson will lead a global team while working on a major project, and how one can incorporate some of Branson’s leadership qualities into a role at a workplace. Delegating Leadership In this case study it is clearly evident that the leadership style that is being used for Branson is delegating style. Delegating style is when the leader turns over tasks for creation and implementing resolutions to followers (Hellriegl and Slocum, 2011, p. 306). Delegating style is most suitable when the followers are comfortable taking responsibility, and have the...
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...Recognizing the Need For, Impacts and Benefits of Effective Delegation in the Work Place CASSANDRA C. SMITH Graduate Research Thesis Lawrence Technological University Southfield, Michigan Dr. Thomas Marx Senior Service College Fellowship (SSCF) 2011-2012 Midwest Region Published by Defense Acquisition University 28 Mar 2012 Submitted to Lawrence Technological University (LTU) College of Management in partial fulfillment of the degree of Masters of Science in Global Leadership and Management Submitted to Defense Acquisition University (DAU) Midwest Region in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Senior Service College Fellowship (SSCF) Program UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A Approved for public release Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for...
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...p Chapter 21 Leadership Theories and Styles Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Distinguish leaders from administrators and managers 2. Describe the evolution of leadership theories 3. Enumerate different theories of leadership, and their main features. 4. Discuss the contingency theories, especially situational theory of leadership 5. Explain the concept of the development levels of a group and how to raise them 6. List steps in the process of delegation Leadership has long interested psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, and certainly management scientists. There is still a growing interest in leadership, which has been defined in different ways. Leadership can, however, be simply defined as the act of making an impact on others in a desired direction. In this sense, leadership is a broader term than management. Managers can run organizations effectively, but only leaders can build them. Differentiating characteristics for officers, managers, and leaders are shown in see Exhibit 21.1. The three modes shown in Exhibit 21.1 are illustrated by the following caselet from a premier state government training institute: Three directors at different times functioned differently. One director continued the work the institute was doing, responding to the training requirements of different departments, maintaining all the records well, and undertaking the various activities...
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...Leadership Cumulative Essay Mathew Johnson College Phoenix Leadership Prof. Monstade February 04, 2012 Leadership Cumulative Essay Introduction This essay will give insight into the author’s point of view on several facets of nursing today. The information provided will speak to lessons learned in the Everest College Nursing program. Topics covered shall consist of a reflection of the personal nursing philosophy, impact and concepts of the Nursing Code of Ethics and how it applies to Nursing as a profession, the concept of patient centered care, use of technology in documentation, and the leadership aspects that are considered as a new graduate. Leadership aspects entail team leading, delegation, and role transition from graduate to RN. This is the point of view of the author and information given here will be both objective and subjective. Nursing Philosophy In a previous paper written, the reflection of this student’s own nursing philosophy seemed to coincide with that of Florence Nightingale as well as Dorothy Orem. Orem’s school of thought leans toward the nurse having a large hand in aiding a patient to achieve total self-sustainability. Dorothy Orem’s theory is actually three separate theories that work synergistically. These theories are the theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and the theory of Nursing systems. This works well for a patient, when achieved, due to the self-care...
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...Table of Contents Levels of Decision Making 2 Role of Office Manager 3 Financial Planning and Budgetary Control 4 Effective Delegation 5 Leadership Models 6 Bibliography 7 Levels of Decision making Strategic and operational decisions differ in structure, time scale and risk. They also differ in the way they relate to objectives, strategic is in the way of forming the objectives, whereas operational offers the way of achieving the objectives. Strategic Strategic decisions are made by top management; they normally take into consideration the organisations long term goals and tend to cover a larger time scale (5years or more). Strategic decisions cover a broader area and are not very specific in details. They are a higher risk, mainly in relation to the financial side. In short, it is deciding upon the courses of action the organisation should follow to achieve its goals. Classic Interiors could make a strategic decision to invest in more staff, specifically qualified interior designers; as the products they organisation offers mainly requires face to face services sometimes for long periods of time. The popularity of the organisation is increasing at a high rate and if they cannot continue to meet the demand rate of their clients the company will not be fully benefiting from the financial gain. This is a high risk decision as it will involve investing money and time into the right recruitment and training process, then continuous outgoing money for new salaries...
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