...Respiration and Photosynthesis In my Photosynthesis Lab my group changed the amount of light intensity by increasing the amount of Light Bulbs used (2 per cup), making it Qualitative. By increasing the amount of light bulbs we noticed that the leaf disks floated to the top of the water 2 times as fast. The leaf disks floated to the top because the water put little pockets of CO2 and Oxygen and us putting more light bulbs the Oxygen and CO2 were being ¨put into” the leaf disks faster. In our Cellular Respiration Lab we first had to fill a plastic cup with water and put a thermometer in the water. Then we prepared the respirometers by putting ½ a cotton ball in each and push them down with a glass tube. Then we put in .5 mL of 15% of potassium hydroxide. Then we put 10 germinating mung beans in one respirometer and then 10 ¨controlled¨ corn kernels in the other. Then the respirometers were put into the water and we waited for it to ¨equalize¨. Then we added red manometer fluid to the tip of each tube. Then we waited to check how far the fluid traveled every 10 minutes until it entered the chamber. The initial temperature reading was 25 degrees C. If I could have changed something in this lab I would have increased the amount of corn and mung beans to see if it would increase the speed of the red manometer fluid. From these 2 labs I learned that water during the Photosynthesis process can add Oxygen and CO2 into a leaf. I also learned that given more light intensity you...
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...Photosynthesis Pre Lab Questions Joey Gramenzi 11/11/15 Period: 2 1. How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? You measure the amount of oxygen produced, or the amount of carbon dioxide used. If the rate of photosynthesis increases, so does the amount of oxygen and Carbon Dioxide used. 2. Where in the cells of the leaf do you find air spaces? What is the function of the stoma? In the cells of the leaf, you find air spaces where the stoma is located. The stoma allows for carbon dioxide to come in, and oxygen to go out. 3. What will happen if you remove the air from these spaces? The leaves will sink because they become more dense than water and cannot carry out photosynthesis. 4. How will air return to these spaces? The stoma opens up when it requires more Carbon Dioxide, and once its enriched with it, oxygen will exit the stoma at the end of photosynthesis in the Calvin Cycle. 5. Instead of carbon dioxide, what will be used as the reactant in this lab? The leaf will be placed in a solution of bicarbonate ions, rather than carbon dioxide. 6. List any factors that you think may affect the rate of photosynthesis. Consider environmental factors that you could manipulate during the lab. * Limiting the amount of Carbon Dioxide * Too much water could ruin the plant * In a place where there is little to no sunlight 7. Watch the video that shows the set-up for the floating leaf disk lab at Bozeman Science. a) What is the ratio...
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...white light is shone on the leaf disks in the beaker containing sodium bicarbonate, then the amount of time it takes for the four leaf disks to float will be faster than yellow and red light because visible light includes all wavelengths of color. For this experiment, the hypothesis was refuted. The amount of time that it took the leaf disks to float was faster than the red light, but it was not faster than the yellow light. While the white light had an average rate of 360 seconds, yellow light had an average rate of 224 seconds, and red light had an average rate of 488.75 seconds. The hypothesis for the red light experiment was: If red light is shone on the leaf disks in the beaker...
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...Photosynthesis Design Lab: Aim: To measure the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in leaf discs. Background: Leaf disks float, naturally. When the air spaces are filled with a solution the overall mass of the leaf disks increase and they then sink. The solution used includes a small amount of Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). This Bicarbonate ion acts as a carbon source for photosynthesis. As photosynthesis continues, oxygen is then released into the inside of the leaf disk which changes its buoyancy, causing the disks to start to float. Since cellular respiration is taking place at the same time inside the disks, absorbing the oxygen created by photosynthesis, the rate of the disks rising is an indirect measurement of the net rate of photosynthesis. The overall...
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...Lab Validation Report MemSQL’s Distributed In-‐Memory Database Real-‐time Analytics for the Big Data Revolution By Tony Palmer, Senior ESG Lab Analyst August 2013 © 2013 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Lab Validation: MemSQL’s In-‐Memory Distributed Database 2 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Background .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 MemSQL ...............................................
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...Cell Processes: Photosynthesis Part 1: Pigments in Plant Leaves Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to visualize the pigments present in plant leaves by using paper chromatography. Materials Used: Chromatography vial with cap, wax pencil, disposable transfer pipet, chromatography solvent, chromatography paper strip, sharp pencil, ruler, pair of scissors, piece of fresh pre-soaked spinach, coin, pair of forceps. Observations and Data: Distance of Pigments From Original Pencil Line | | Pigment | Color | Migration Distance (mm) | Rf Value | | Carotene | Orange | 59 mm | .94 | | Xanthophyll | Yellow | 56 mm | .89 | | Chlorophyll a | Light Green | 29 mm | .46 | | Chlorophyll b | Dark Green | 14 mm | .22 | Solvent | | 63 mm | | Analysis and Results: 1. Which pigment migrated the farthest on the chromatogram? Explain how this migration occurred. According to the data Carotene travel furthest, this is because it was the most soluble and it didn't form bonds with the paper. 2. What does the Rf value represent? If you were to perform your experiment on a chromatography paper twice the length of the one used, would your Rf values still be the same? Rf value represent the distance traveled by the pigments divided by distance traveled by solvent. The Rf value would stay the same because if the pigments travel further so will the solvent. 3. How do plant pigments and the absorption spectrum relate to photosynthesis? In a plant there are...
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...permissions to an organizational unit. | | Definition False | | | Term Subdomains in a tree inherit permissions and policies from their parent domains. | | Definition False | | | Term You can drag and drop leaf objects, such as users and computers, between OUs, but not between domains. | | Definition TRUE | | | Term Unlike organizational units, you cannot assign Group Policy settings to computer objects, nor can you delegate their administration. | | Definition TRUE | | | Term When you want to grant a collection of users permission to access a network resource, such as a file system share or a printer, you can assign permissions to an organizational unit. | | Definition FALSE | | | Term Active Directory is one of the easiest technologies to test because an isolated lab environment usually can emulate many of the factors that can affect the performance of a directory service. | | Definition FALSE | | | Term When you want to grant a collection of users permission to access a network resource, such as a file system share or a printer, you can assign permissions to an organizational unit. | | Definition FALSE | | | Term Active Directory is one of the easiest technologies to test because an isolated lab environment usually can emulate many of the factors that can affect the performance of a directory service. | | Definition FALSE | | | Term Active Directory was first introduced in which operating system? | | Definition...
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...Excel for PHStat2 3Setting up PHStat2 4Using PHStat2 5Updating PHStat2 6Troubleshooting PHStat2 7What's New in PHStat2? 1 PHStat2 technical requirements To set up and use PHStat2 successfully, your computer system must meet the following technical requirements. -Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE, Windows ME, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, or Windows XP operating systems. -Microsoft Excel 97 or later, including Excel 2000 and Excel 2002 (Excel XP). If you are using Microsoft Excel 97, you must have previously applied at least the service release 2 (SR-2) free update from Microsoft. PHStat2 is not compatible with earlier versions of Microsoft Excel including Microsoft Excel 95. -Approximately 6 MB hard disk free space during setup process and 3 MB hard disk space after installation. On some older systems, the Windows system files that may get replaced or added during the setup process will require up to 3 MB more...
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...which close in dry weather, the air pores of liverworts remain open all the time. 3. Antheridia need to disperse sperm and are upright with pores on top of the antheridial disk; archegonia are protected under the surface of the archegonial disk. 4. a. The sporophyte is formed and is attached to the mother gametophyte by a foot through which the nutrients are passed between the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Anchors sporophyte to archegoniophore. Nutrient transfer from gametophyte to sporophyte b. Spores are haploid. c. The spores are helped on their journey by four strap-like structures called elaters that catch the wind. The elaters coil and uncoil in response to changes in humidity. When the air is dry they extend outward and create wind resistance so that the spores float. When the air is humid the elaters coil around the spore so that buoyancy decreases and the spore drops--with luck onto moist soil where it can germinate. 5. a. The leaves are delicate, thin and flat and only one cell thick except at the midrib.A few mosses such as Polytrichum have extra rows of cells, making the leaves harder, drought-resistant and more difficult for chemicals to penetrate 1-2 Cells thick b. There is a slightly thickened midrib that runs lengthwise down the middle. c. Pores are visible on the leaf surface. d. The moss gametophyte is radially symmetrical, and is the most conspicuous phase of the moss...
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...INTRODUCTION Rationale of the Study Fusarium proliferatum is known as the conidial stage of Giberellafujikuroi, which is an ascomycetous seed-borne fungus that causes bakanae, a disease that influences rice (Nelson, 1994). There are over 100 species of the genus, Fusarium, and they are most common in tropical and subtropical areas. The presence of pathogenic conidia may cause the discoloration in kernels. F. proliferatum is a filamentous fungus or mould found in aerobiologic surveys worldwide. It is a major parasite of rice, sugar cane, sorghum, bean, soybean, and is especially common on maize grains (Pitt, et al. 1994). According to (De Leon and Pandey 1989; King and Scott 1981; Ochor et al. 1987), F. proliferatum causes a disease called Fusarium kernel rot. In parts of the USA and lowlands tropics, this is one of the most important ear diseases and is associated with warm, dry years and insect damaged fields. Czembor, et al. (2015) stated that maize is one of the most important crops in Poland. Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi. Similar results were obtained from 148 samples of maize from the Philippines, and 82 samples of maize from Indonesia. F. proliferatum persisted in high numbers in stored maize from the both countries (Pitt, et al.,1993). (Zainudinet al., 2008b; NurIzzati and Salleh, 2009), stated that F. proliferatum have been isolated...
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...Amata1, R, M. Okomo1 and Kasina1 M 1 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, NARL. P.O. Box 14733-00800 Nairobi 2 Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, Correspondence: kasina.j@gmail.com 2 Abstract The delta – endotoxin crystals containing insecticidal Cry proteins were isolated from 20 unidentified local Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) isolates and a reference isolate Bt aizawai (Bta) using froth floatation and low speed centrifugation at KARI Biotechnology laboratories, NARL. The total protein was quantified using the Bradford assay method and protein yield from the nutrient broths was estimated at 3.11 mg/ml ±0.938 mg/ml of nutrient broth culture with a purity level of 54.8% ±15.3% of the protein pellet. Leaf – dip bioassay was used to determine the efficacy of the isolates against Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe), a wellestablished and invasive stem borer in Kenya. Among the isolates, Bt 44 and Bt 48 had the most potent endotoxin crystals to 1st instar C. partellus larvae. In addition, the efficacy of these two isolates was not statistically different (P>0.05) from that of Bta based on LT50 values. The findings show that these two locally available unidentified Bt isolates could be used in management of C. partellus and their characterisation (Cry protein) could aid in their utilization. Key words: Bt efficacy; Bt isolates; LT50; LC50; Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important staple food crop in Kenya as well as in the subSahara...
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... ABSTRACT Attack tree (AT) is one of the widely used non-state-space models for security analysis. The basic formalism of AT does not take into account defense mechanisms. Defense trees (DTs) have been developed to investigate the effect of defense mechanisms using measures such as attack cost, security investment cost, return on attack (ROA), and return on investment (ROI). DT, however, places defense mechanisms only at the leaf nodes and the corresponding ROI/ROA analysis does not incorporate the probabilities of attack. In attack response tree (ART), attack and response are both captured but ART suffers from the problem of state-space explosion, since solution of ART is obtained by means of a state-space model. In this paper, we present a novel attack tree paradigm called attack countermeasure tree (ACT) which avoids the generation and solution of a state-space model and takes into account attacks as well as countermeasures (in the form of detection and mitigation events). In ACT, detection and mitigation are allowed not just at the leaf node but also at the intermediate nodes while at the same time the state-space explosion problem is avoided in its analysis. We study the consequences of incorporating countermeasures in the ACT using three case studies (ACT for BGP attack, ACT for a SCADA attack and ACT for malicious insider attacks). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEYWORDS attack trees; non-state-space model; mincuts;...
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...New Horizons Computer Learning Center of Cincinnati OFFICIAL MICROSOFT LEARNING PRODUCT 10174A Lab Instructions and Lab Answer Key: Configuring and Administering Microsoft® SharePoint® 2010 New Horizons Computer Learning Center of Cincinnati Information in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, is subject to change without notice. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, email addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place or event is intended or should be inferred. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft® Corporation. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. The names...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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