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R frequently asked questions

R 常见问题解答 http://www.r-project.org 153 分钟学会

R

A A This document is generated from L TEXsources compiled with xeL TEX

in a Windows platform. The used packages are amsmath, listings, makeidx and so on.

序:
, 这篇文档内容的来源多样,既有来自于 R 官方文档(包括 R_intro,R_data,R_admin) 也有来自于互联网的 contributed documents;还有若干来自于 Capital Of Statistics 论坛的讨论 问题。 本文档的目的是为具有一定统计(数学)背景的 R 软件初学者提供一个快速认识 R 软件的 平台,如果你无此背景,可能会对其中的若干表达存在疑问。这篇文档重点不在统计方法上,因 此所列问题不可能详尽到统计学的每个知识点。 R 是一个很庞大的体系,在 CRAN 的 Task Views 上可以清楚地看到贝叶斯推断、聚类分 析、机器学习、空间统计、稳健统计等方法的介绍。而这些方法又通过相应的 R Packages 扩展, 可以说学习 R 是一件没有尽头的事情。 如果你的英文阅读没问题,那么精读一本关于 R 的原版书籍也是一个不错的选择,但这个 开头常常让人很头痛。希望这份 44 页的文档,对你认识、学习 R 是个不错的帮助。 刘思喆 1 2 February 4, 2013

致谢: abel,cran,rtist,Xie Yihui,zhangv …

1 2

http://www.bjt.name/todo sunbjtgmail.com

A 前言
1. R 是做什么的? R 是一个有着统计分析功能及强大作图功能的软件系统,是由新西兰奥克兰大学统计学系 的 Ross Ihaka 和 Robert Gentleman 共同创立。由于 R 受 Becker, Chambers & Wilks 创立的 S 和 Sussman 的 Scheme 两种语言的影响,所以 R 看起来 和S 语言非常相似。 2. 在 里可以下载 R 的安装程序? 在 R 的官方网址上,选择网站镜像 http://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html,比如 UC Berkeley下载软件副本。R 拥有在 Linux,MacOS X,Windows 平台下的各个版本,如果 是 Windows 用户,进入镜像网站,选择 Windows (95 and later) ,进入 base,下载 R-x.x.xwin32.exe。 3. 为什么 R 做 R?

部分是因为两位 R 的作者 (Robert Gentleman 和 Ross Ihaka) 的姓名,部分是受到了贝尔 实验室 S 语言的影响(称其为 S 语言的方言或 GNU S) 。 4. CRAN 是什么意思? CRAN 是 Comprehensive R Archive N etwork 的简写,顾名思义:是拥有同一资料,包括 R 的发布版本,包,文档和源代码的网络集合。 5. 我是新手,我如何开始学习 R? 由于 R 的创立者和维护人员大部分都是统计学家,所以如果你有相关统计背景,将是一个 极好的帮助。如果没有相关背景,R 的官方网站拥有大量的英文学习资源可供选择。当然还可以 参考 http://cran.r-project.org/other-docs.html 上的中文翻译文档。 统计之都 BBS 是一个非常不错的学习 R 的中文网站。在论坛上,你可以搜索到大量学习资 料或直接提出问题同大家探讨。 6. 初学者阅读 R 自行安装的 R-intro 就可以了么? R-intro 确实是官方文档中最基础的,但它不是从 R 软件应用角度讲的,故并不适合于 R 初学者。可以参考 R-intro 中数据类型、结构部分,作为基础学习。 7. 能列 一些 R 的经典书目么? 正如这份文档序言中所述, 《153 分钟学会 R》更注重于快速认识 R 或者为拥有一定统计背 景的初学者提供快速掌握 R 语言提供一个有效途径。更多技术细节或统计知识仍需通过阅读相 应文献来掌握。 中文资料的话,推荐华东师范大学汤银才老师的《R

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